Audio
Images and Text: Artifacts and Archaeology
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IMAGE 1 of 9: Arrowheads and spear points
DESCRIBING: A photograph of five stone projectile points.
SYNOPSIS: A photograph of five stone projectile points of varying sizes and shapes, arranged in a semicircle.
IN-DEPTH DESCRIPTION: All of the arrowheads are made of chert stone. The leftmost arrowhead is a light gray color chert mottled with brown; it has a sharp point and deep notches at its base. The next projectile point to the right is very narrow, made of red and yellow chert. The next projectile point to the right is narrower without deep notches at its base; it is made of a yellowish brown chert with white running through it. The next projectile point to the right is small and narrow with a long stem; it is made of grayish brown chert. The last arrowhead on the right has a broken tip and deep notches at its base; it is made of dark red chert.
CAPTION: Hours of work were needed to turn stone into arrowheads and spear points.
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
IMAGE 2 of 9: Black pipe bowl
DESCRIBING: A photograph of a black pipe bowl carved from argillite.
SYNOPSIS: A black pipe bowl carved from stone called argillite, turned at a 45 degree angle so we can see both its front and one side. The pipe bowl, turned upside down, is carved to look like a human, with eyes, a nose, a mouth, and a body. The eyes are carved as slits, the nose is long and the mouth is wide. The body is mostly undefined, with a scalloped edge near the bottom, the edge of the pipe bowl.
CAPTION: Stone for this black pipe may have come from islands along the coast of British Columbia.
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
IMAGE 3 of 9: Stylized bird pipe
DESCRIBING: A photograph of a bird carved from light brown argillite.
SYNOPSIS: A fragment of a pipe stem, carved from a stone called argillite, in the shape of a bird that looks similar to a raven. The bird has a long beak and wide eyes. Light reflects off of the smooth underside of its beak. It is seen from the side. The wing that is visible from this view is decorated with a carved ovoid shape. At the bird's back and front, where this fragment attached to the larger pipe stem, the stone is broken and rough.
CAPTION: This stylized bird identifies a pipe from coastal people.
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
IMAGE 4 of 9: Trade beads
DESCRIBING: A photograph of an assortment of glass beads.
SYNOPSIS: An assortment of glass beads. The beads are generally spherical or cylindrical, and show a variety of colors including yellow, blue, white, and red. Some beads are decorated with striped designs. Some beads, which were excavated by archaeologists, still have dirt in their center hole.
IN-DEPTH DESCRIPTION: The glass beads included in this assortment are: two faceted blue-green beads; three faceted, cylindrical blue beads; one red bead with a dark center, which may be a dirt stain; 26 spherical white beads, which still have some dirt on them; one bead with blue and white vertical stripes; 20 spherical yellow beads; 8 red beads; 15 spherical blue beads, some of which are slightly misshapen; 11 spherical blue-green beads, some of which are slightly misshapen. One spherical bead is black with a looping white decoration inlaid in the glass. One cylindrical bead is dark blue with thin white vertical stripes. One bead is red with a white center. One bead is cylindrical and white, with green and orange glass decoration winding around it. One faceted bead is a light amber color. One faceted cylindrical bead has white at each end, but a colorful design on its body with green, yellow, and red.
CAPTION: Trade beads came in various shapes and colors; blue beads were among the favorites.
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
IMAGE 5 of 9: Coin
DESCRIBING: A photograph of a United States Coin.
SYNOPSIS: A 19th century United States coin with a hole drilled in it. The visible side of the coin shows an eagle facing left holding a shield with stars and stripes. Near the eagle's head, a small, round hole has been drilled through the coin. The coin is a dark copper color with some lighter patches where the metal has deteriorated.
CAPTION: Coins turned into ornaments when drilled with holes.
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
IMAGE 6 of 9: Beaver trap
DESCRIBING: A photograph of a metal beaver trap.
SYNOPSIS: An iron beaver trap, open, with a chain attached. The metal is a dark brown color with some small patches of rust.
IN-DEPTH DESCRIPTION: The beaver trap is set open. In the center of the trap are two jaw pieces, which are flattened iron strips bent into a half-rectangle shape. The jaws do not have teeth, but are smooth on all sides. Between the open jaws is a metal piece shaped like a capital letter T, and in the center of that piece is a metal pan, a small, rectangular metal pedal that would be triggered by a beaver. On either side of the jaws are elongated U-shaped iron springs, which are pinched together to hold the jaws open. Attached to one of the springs is a metal chain that is slightly shorter than the length of the trap.
CAPTION: A modern blacksmith forged this beaver trap based on pieces found by archeologists.
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
IMAGE 7 of 9: Spode dish
DESCRIBING: A photograph of a ceramic washbasin.
SYNOPSIS: A side view of a ceramic washbasin. The rim of the washbasin is wider than its base and flares down into the basin. The washbasin is white and decorated with a blue transfer print design. The design has a background of blue gridlines, covered with leafy vines and darker blue flowers.
CAPTION: The fort’s store carried a few kinds of dishware, including Spode, a fine English china. Everyone used it, whatever their rank or income.
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
IMAGE 8 of 9: Marguerite McLoughlin
DESCRIBING: An oval black and white photograph of a woman.
SYNOPSIS: A black and white three-quarters-length portrait photograph of Marguerite McLoughlin, an elderly, heavy-set, Ojibwe-Swiss woman wearing a dark dress with a white lace collar.
IN-DEPTH DESCRIPTION: The woman's hair appears to be dark gray, sleek, and is parted down the middle and pulled back, covering her ears. She is looking directly at the camera and is not smiling. She is wearing a dark, 1850s-style dress with long sleeves, a wide V-shaped seam that runs from each of her shoulders to her waist, and a small, high, white lace collar. Behind her is a solid black background.
CAPTION: Marguerite McLoughlin and her husband John, who ran the fur trading fort, symbolized cultures coming together. She was of Ojibwe-Swiss heritage; he was Canadian.
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
IMAGE 9 of 9: Field school student
DESCRIBING: A color photograph of an archaeologist in an excavation unit.
SYNOPSIS: A woman wearing work clothes and a hat and holding a trowel sits inside a square hole dug into a grassy field. The hole is about two feet deep. She is looking at the camera and smiling. She has long brown hair and is wearing glasses. Next to the square hole, resting on the ground near the edge, are a pair of work gloves and a black metal bin.
CAPTION: A field school student assists an archeologist by uncovering artifacts. Curator Theresa Langford says, “Pieces of our identity are captured in the objects we leave behind.”
CREDIT: NPS/FOVA
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