John Hannigan, Patriots of Color Bibliography

John F. Hannigan, Scholar in the Park, Summer 2014, Friends of Minute Man National Park

Primary Source Collections

William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan
The Huntington Library, San Marino, CA
Library of Congress, Washington DC
Massachusetts Archives, Boston, MA
Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, MA
National Archives, Waltham, MA
New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, MA
New York Historical Society, New York City, NY
Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA
Society of the Cincinnati Library, Washington DC

Primary Source Indices

Grundest, Eric G., ed., Forgotten Patriots: African American and American Indian Patriots in
the Revolutionary War. Washington DC: National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 2008.

Massachusetts Soldiers & Sailor of the Revolutionary War. 17 vols. Boston: Wright & Potter
Printers, 1896-1904.

Newman, Debra L. List of Black Servicemen Compiled from the War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, 1974.

Quintal, George, jr. Patriots of Color: “A Peculiar Beauty & Merit:”African Americans and Native Americans at Battle Road & Bunker Hill. Boston: Government Printing Office, 2004.

Secondary Literature

Agnes, Peter. “The Quork Walker Case and the Abolition of Slavery in Massachusetts: A Reflection of Popular Sentiment or an Expression of Constitutional Law?” Boston Bar Journal (March/April 1982): 8-19.

Benes, Peter, ed. Slavery/Antislavery in New England. The Dublin Seminar for New England Folklife Annual Proceedings, v. 28. Boston: Boston University Press, 2005.

Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

---. Generations of Captivity: A History of African-American Slaves. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Berlin, Ira and Ronald Hoffman, eds. Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1983.

Blanck, Emily. “Seventeen Eighty-Three: The Turning Point in the Law of Slavery and Freedom in Massachusetts,” The New England Quarterly 75, No. 1 (March 2002): 24-51.

Braisted, Todd W. “The Black Pioneers and Others: The Military Role of Black Loyalists in the American War of Independence.” In John W. Pulis, ed., Moving On: Black Loyalists in the Afro-Atlantic World (New York: Garland Press, 1999): 3-37.

Breen, Timothy H. “Making History: The Force of Public Opinion and the Last Years of Slavery in Revolutionary Massachusetts.” In Ronald Hoffman, et al, eds., Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

Brown, Christopher L. and Philip D. Morgan, eds., Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.

Chan, Alexandra. Slavery in the Age of Reason: Archaeology at a New England Farm. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2007.

Cushing, John D. “The Cushing Court and the Abolition of Slavery in Massachusetts: More Notes on the ‘Quock Walker Case’,” The American Journal of Legal History 5, No. 2 (April 1961): 118-144.

Desrochers, Robert E. “Slave-for-Sale Advertisements and Slavery in Massachusetts, 1704- 1781.” The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, vol. 59, no. 3 (July 2002): 623- 664.

Egerton, Douglas R. Death or Liberty: African Americans in Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Eltis, David. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

---. “The U.S. Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1644-1867: An Assessment.” Civil War
History 54, no. 4 (December 2008): 347-378.

Frey, Sylvia R. Water from the Rock: Black Resistance in a Revolutionary Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Gilbert, Alan. Black Patriots and Loyalists: Fighting for Emancipation in the War for Independence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.

Greene, Lorenzo Johnson. The Negro in Colonial New England. Orig. pub. 1942. New York: Athenaeum, 1968.

Hardesty, Jared Ross. “An Ambiguous Institution: Slavery, the State, and the Law in Colonial Massachusetts.” Journal of Early American History 3 (2013): 154-180.

---. “‘The Negro at the Gate’: Enslaved Labor in Eighteenth-Century Boston.” The New England Quarterly, vol. 87, no. 1 (March 2014): 72-98.

Hinkle, Alice B. Prince Estabrook: Slave & Soldier. Pleasant Mountain Press, 2001.

Hodges, Graham Russell and Susan Hawkes Cook, eds., The Black Loyalist Directory: African Americans in Exile After the American Revolution. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1996.

Horton, James Oliver and Lois E. Horton. In Hope of Liberty: Culture, Community, and Protest Among Northern Free Blacks, 1700-1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Jassanoff, Maya. Liberty’s Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.

Litwack, Leon. North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.

MacEcheren, Elaine “Emancipation of Slavery in Massachusetts: A Reexamination, 1770- 1790”, The Journal of Negro History 55, No. 4 (Oct. 1970): 289-306.

Mandell, Daniel R. Behind the Frontier: Indians in Eighteenth-Century Eastern Massachusetts. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.

---. “ ‘A Natural & Unalienable Right’: New England Revolutionary Petitions and African- American Identity.” In Michael A McDonnell, et al., eds., Remember the Revolution: Memory, history and Nation Making from Independence to the Civil War. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2013).

Melish, Joanne Pope. Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and “Race” in New England. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.

Menschel, David. “Abolition Without Deliverance: The Law of Connecticut Slavery, 1784-1848,” The Yale Law Journal 11, No. 1 (Oct. 2001): 183-222.

Minardi, Margot. Making Slavery History: Abolitionism and the Politics of Memory in Massachusetts. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Moore, George H. Notes on the History of Slavery in Massachusetts. New York: Appleton, 1866.

Nash, Gary B. Race and Revolution. Madison, WI: Madison House, 1990.

---. The Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.

O’Brien, William. “Did the Jennison Case Outlaw Slavery in Massachusetts?” The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series 17, no. 2 (April 1960): 219-241.

Piersen, William D. Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.

Pybyus, Cassandra. Epic Journeys of Freedom: Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and their Global Quest for Liberty. Boston: Beacon Press, 2006.

---. “Jefferson’s Faulty Math: The Question of Slave Defections in the American Revolution.” The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, v. 62, no. 2 (April 2005).

Quarles, Benjamin. The Negro in the American Revolution. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1961.

---. “Lord Dunmore as Liberator.” The William & Mary Quarterly, Third Series, v. 15, no. 4 (October 1958): 494-507.

Schama, Simon. Rough Crossings: Britain, the Slaves, and the American Revolution. New York: Ecco, 2006.

Spector, Robert M. “The Quock Walker Cases (1781-83) – Slavery, Its Abolition, and Negro Citizenship in Early Massachusetts,” The Journal of Negro History 53, No. 1 (Jan. 1968): 12-32.

White, Shane. Somewhat More Independent: The End of Slavery in New York City, 1770-1810. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1991.

Whitfield, Harvey Amani. Blacks on the Border: The Black Refugees in British North America, 1815-1860. Burlington, Vt.: University of Vermont Press, 2006.

Towner, Lawrence W. A Good Master Well-Served: Masters and Servants in Colonial Massachusetts, 1620-1750. New York: Garland, 1998.

Zilversmit, Arthur. The First Emancipation: The Abolition of Slavery in the North. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.

---. “Quock Walker, Mumbet, and the Abolition of Slavery in Massachusetts,”
The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series 25, No. 4 (Oct. 1968): 614-624.