The English remarked that the James was “sweet” (i.e. not brackish) when they arrived on May 13^th. And so it was: the snow from the mountains was melting, filling the river with fresh-tasting water. Within a few weeks, however, the weather had heated up and the water was too salty to be healthy to drink. The wells the 17^th-century settlers found it necessary to dig have proven archeological treasure-troves to 20^th-century excavators.