To many, the most outstanding natural features of Canyonlands are the park's geologic formations. In each of the districts, visitors can see the remarkable effects of millions of years of erosion on a landscape of sedimentary rock.

Two unusual natural features are common in Canyonlands and intrigue both scientists and visitors: biological soil crust and ephemeral pools (potholes). Biological soil crust is a living groundcover that forms the foundation of high desert plant life.

Potholes are naturally occurring basins in sandstone that collect rainwater and wind-blown sediment. These potholes harbor organisms that are able to survive long periods of dehydration, and also serve as a breeding ground for many high desert amphibians and insects. Both of these communities are very vulnerable to human impacts.