SAGUARO Historic Resource Study

1. Spicer, Cycles of Conquest, 126; John L. Kessell, Friars, Soldiers, and Reformers: Hispanic Arizona and the Sonora Mission Frontier 1767-1856 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1976), 228, 237.

2. Brinckerhoff, "The Last Years of Spanish Arizona," 15-17; Mattison, "Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona," 294-295.

3. Brinckerhoff, "The Last Years of Spanish Arizona," 15-17; Kessell, Friars, Soldiers, and Reformers, 203, 228, 244-245.

4. J.J. Wagoner, "History of the Cattle Industry in Southern Arizona, 1540-1940," University of Arizona Social Science Bulletin No. 20, 23 (April 1952), 25-32.

5. A.P.K. Safford, The Territory of Arizona: A Brief History and Summary of the Territory's Acquisition, Organization, and Mineral, Agricultural and Grazing Resources; Embracing a Review of Its Indian Tribes - Their Depredations and Subjugation; and Showing in Brief the Present Condition and Prospects of the Territory (Tucson: The Arizona Citizen, 1874), 17-18; Wagoner, "History of the Cattle Industry in Southern Arizona, 154O-194O, 38.

6. Patrick Hamilton, The Resources of Arizona: Its Minerals, Farming and Grazing Lands, Towns and Mining Camps; Its Rivers, Mountains, Plains and Mesas; with a Brief Summary of Its Indian Tribes, Early History, Ancient Ruins, Climate, Etc., Etc. (Prescott, Az.: Under authority of the Legislature, 1881), 39, 41, 169, 171-172; Arizona Star (Tucson), January 22, 1882; History of Arizona Territory Showing Its Resources and Advantages, 139-140.

7. Wagoner, "History of the Cattle industry," 45, 53-54; James R. Hastings, "Vegetation Change and Arroyo Cutting in Southeastern Arizona During the Past Century: An Historical Review" (Paper Read at the Arid Lands Colloquia, University of Arizona, 1958-1959), 31; Arizona Citizen (Tucson), Special New Years Edition, January 1, 1890; Albert F. Potter, "Report of Examination of the Proposed Santa Rita Forest Reserve," March 1902, found in Range Conditions in Arizona, 1900-1909 as Recorded by Various Observers in a Series of Miscellaneous Papers (University of Arizona Library Special Collections), 18-19; Horace S. Haskell, "Effects of Conservative Grazing on a Desert Grassland Range as Shown by Vegetational Analysis" (Master's Thesis, University of Arizona, 1945), 32.

8. Anne E. Harrison, "The Santa Catalinas: A Description and History" (Summer 1972), 12, 88, typescript in the Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; Robert M. Barker, "The Economics of Cattle Ranching in the Southwest," The American Monthly Review of Reviews (September 1901), 307; Wagoner, "History of the Cattle Industry," 75; William D. Rowley, U.S. Forest Service Grazing and Rangelands: A History (College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press, 1985), 4, 22, 30-32, 46-47, 54.

9. Harrison, "The Santa Catalinas: A Description and History," 7, 12; Wagoner, "History of the Cattle Industry," 75.

10. United States Congress, Senate, Committee on Public Lands and Surveys, "Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Public Lands and Surveys, Pursuant to S. Res. 347 to investigate all Matters Relating to National Forests and the Public Domain and Their Administration," 69 Cong., 1 Sess. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1926), I: 3-4, 17-18; Mary Ellen Lauver, "A History of the Use and Management of the Forested Lands of Arizona 1862-1936" (Master's Thesis, University of Arizona, 1938), 162; Harrison, "The Santa Catalinas: A Description and History," 89-90.

11. United States Congress, Senate, Committee on Public Lands and Surveys, "Hearings," I: 45, 147.

12. Ibid., 46, 83-84.

13. Martin S. Clark, "Some Factors Affecting Vegetation Changes on a Semidesert Grass-Shrub Cattle Range in Arizona" (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona, 1964), 68; Haskell, "Effects of Conservative Grazing on a Desert Grassland Range as Shown by Vegetational Analysis," 32. Most of the information on Forest Service experiments in the grazing season was taken from grazing permits.

14. Register of Settlers Upon the Fort Lowell Military Reservation, ca. 1880, Division K, Abandoned Military Reservation File, Arizona, Fort Lowell, Record Group 49, Records of the Bureau of Land Management, NA; Wagoner, "History of the Cattle industry," 40-41.

15. "The Empire Ranch as Told to Mrs. Geo. F. Kitt," 7; Edward L. Vail, "Empire Story," 1, Box 1, Item 7, Edward L. Vail Papers, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson; T.R. Sorin, Hand-book of Tucson and Surroundings Embracing Statistics of the Mineral Fields of Southern Arizona (Tucson: Citizen Print, 1880), 8-9; History of Arizona Territory Showing Its Resources and Advantages, 139-140; Harrison, "The Santa Catalinas: A Description and History," 86; Statement by Col. E.A. Carr on settlers on the Fort Lowell Reservation, ca. 1880, Box 14, Division K, Abandoned Military Reservation File, Arizona, Fort Lowell, Record Group 49, Records of the Bureau of Land Management, NA.

16. Tanque Verde Allotment, File G, Permits - C & H - Coronado, Converse, Jas. P., Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson.

17. Telephone Conversation with Theodore Knipe by Berle Clemensen, May 14, 1986; Conversation with James Converse by H. Coss, National Monument Employee, November 17, 1968 in Mrs. Freeman Day folder, Saguaro National Monument files; Tanque Verde, Pantano, and Rincon Allotment files, Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson.

18. Memorandum by F.A. Kittridge, Chief Engineer NPS Field Hdqtrs., San Francisco, April 24, 1934, Folder - Saguaro NM General Correspondence, November 17, 1933 to December 31, 1935, Saguaro National Monument files; Arno B. Camerer, Director NPS, to Frank Pinkley, June 7, 1934, File G, Permits - C & H - Coronado, Converse, Jas. P., Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson.

19. Memorandum of Agreement, April 1935 (Administration of Grazing Permits), File G, Cooperation, Coronado, National Park Service, Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; Frank Pinkley to the Director, March 20, 1935, Box 2363, Folder, Correspondence March 1, 1933 - August 30, 1937, National Monuments, Saguaro 120, Central Classified File 1933-1949, Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service, NA; Arno B. Cammerer, Director NPS, to Frank Pinkley, April 5, 1935, Box 2363, Folder, Correspondence March 1, 1933 - August 30, 1937, National Monuments, Saguaro 120, Central Classified File 1933-1949, Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service, NA.

20. "Range Improvement Coronado, Range Division Fence (Tanque Verde) Proposed 1935," by C.W. Mckenzie, Asst. Forest Supervisor, March 1, 1935, File G, Permits - C&H - Coronado, Converse, Jas. P., Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; Fred Winn, Forest Supervisor, to Frank Pinkley, March 7, 1935, File G, Permits - C&H - Coronado, Converse, Jas. P., Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson.

21. Southwest Monuments Monthly Report (Saguaro), February 1937; "Report on Grazing Reconnaisance on the Saguaro National Monument, March 28 to March 30, 1939," Folder 207, Reports (General), Saguaro National Monument files; Tanque Verde Allotment, File G, Permits - C&H - Coronado, Converse, Jas. P., Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; Childress Inspection Report, January 1, 1952, Rincon Allotment File, Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson.

22. Tanque Verde Allotment, File G, Permits - C&H - Coronado, Converse, Jas. P.; V.W. Saari, NPS Region Three, Regional Forester, "Forest Protection Requirements Report for Saguaro National Monument," June 1942, Saguaro National Monument Files.

23. Custodian's Monthly Report (Saguaro), February 1942; Southwest Monuments Monthly Report (Saguaro), February 1942; Management, Coronado Inspection, Rincon-Spud Rock Allotment, March 17, 1942, by Asst. Forest Supervisor H. Garvin Smith, Rincon Allotment File, Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson.

25. Mr. Morris Inspection Report - 1946 (Rincon), Rincon Allotment file, Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; Memorandum for the Regional Forester by Forester Harold M. Ratcliff, November 18, 1947, Folder G, Cooperation - National Park Service (Saguaro National Monument), Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; William H. Woods, Forest Supervisor, to John G. Lewis, Superintendent, Saguaro NM, May 28, 1956, File G, Cooperation - National Park Service (Saguaro National Monument), Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; Memorandum to the Director, NPS from Chief Forester J.D. Coffman, USFS, February 3, 1949, Box 2366, Folder 901-01 Grazing Saguaro, National Monuments, Saguaro - Sand Dunes 201.06, Central Classified File 1933-1949, Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service, NA.

26. Letter of Agreement on Grazing, Saguaro National Monument, James Converse - National Park Service, April 12, 1956, File G, Permits - C&H - Coronado, Converse, Jas. P., Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson.

27. Charles R. Ames, Range Staffman USFS, Coronado National Forest to Files, December 14, 1961, Rincon Allotment file, Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; Rincon Allotment Management Plan 1977, Rincon Allotment file, Coronado National Forest Headquarters, Tucson; Monthly Narrative Report for January 1967, Folder A28, Monthly Narrative Report, Chief Ranger, Saguaro National Monument files.

28. Superintendent's Annual Report for 1973; Annual Report, Saguaro National Monument, 1976, File A2621, Annual Reports, Saguaro National Monument files; Arizona Star (Tucson), April 2, 1976.

29. Arizona Star (Tucson), October 31, November 18, 1976, April 15, 1984; "Environmental Assessment for the Removal of Feral Cattle from the Rincon Drainage, Rincon Mountain Unit, Saguaro National Monument," September 9, 1982, Folder 207, Reports (General), Saguaro National Monument files; "Feral Cattle Removal, Rincon Mountain Unit, Situation Report," March 23, 1983, Folder 207, Reports (General), Saguaro National Monument files.

30. Hastings, "Vegetation Change and Arroyo Cutting in Southeastern Arizona During the Past Century: An Historical Review," 25.

31. James H. Martineau, "Field Notes of the Survey of the Exterior Boundaries of Township 15 South Range 16 East, of the Principal Base and Meridian in the Territory of Arizona," Book 1543, October 23-31, 1893; Contzen, "Field Notes of the Resurvey of the South Boundary and Portion of the East Boundary of Camp Lowell Military Reservation, Pima County, Arizona," Book 1794, July 2-September 22, 1897; Sorin, Hand-book of Tucson, 37; Edward L. Vail, "The Diary of a Desert Trail," Box 1, Item 7, Edward L. Vail Papers, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson; Harrison, "The Santa Catalinas: A Description and History," 103; Custodian's Monthly Report, March, May, June, November, 1940, February 1948; Memorandum for the Regional Director, Region Three, by Natt N. Dodge, Associate Naturalist, April 29, 1944, Folder 204-10, By Field Officers, Saguaro National Monument Files; Transcript of Taped Conversation of Frank Escalante and Charles Maguire by Bob Jones, SAGU Superintendent, Hal Coss, Park Naturalist, and Tom Carroll, Park Technician, December 11, 1969; "Report to Mr. H.R. Tillotson, Regional Director National Park Service, Region Three, Santa Fe, New Mexico Concerning the Boundaries of Saguaro National Monument, by Ben M. Thompson, Chief, National Park Division, Branch of Lands, April 1945, Saguaro National Monument Files.

32. Hastings, "Vegetation Change and Arroyo Cutting in Southeastern Arizona During the Past Century: An Historical Review," 30-32; "Reminiscences of Edward L. Vail," Box 1, Item 7, Edward L. Vail Papers, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.

33. Arizona Star (Tucson), February 26, 1905; William E. Hiester, "Field Notes of the Resurvey of the East Boundary and a Portion of the South Boundary, and the Resurvey and Survey of a Portion of the Subdivisional Lines, Completing the Survey of Township 13 South, Range 11 East," Book 3971, January 29-February 9, 1932, Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix; William E. Hiester, "Field Notes of the Survey and Resurvey of a Portion of the Subdivisional Lines, Completing the Survey of Township 13 South, Range 12 East, and, Retraced Boundaries of Patented Mineral Claims in Said Township," Book 3972, February 27-March 15, 1932, Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix.