OZARK Historic Resource Study

¹Robert Flanders, "Regional History," in Cultural Resource Overview Mark Twain National Forest, Vol. 1, Report to Forest Supervisor Mark Twain National Forest from Center for Archaeological Research, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 216; and see Lynn Morrow, "Modernity and the Current Wave in Shannon County, 1884-1896," Bulletin (Missouri) XXXV (January 1979): 92-98.

²Ibid.

³G. Oakley, The History of Carter County, (Van Buren, Missouri: J. G. Publications, 1970), 135.

⁴Flanders, "Regional History," 258; and The Current Local, 19 September 1907.

⁵James Lee Murphy, "A History of the Southeastern Ozark Region of Missouri," (Ph.D. diss., Saint Louis University, 1982), 189-190, 218-220; U.S. Census 1890, Department of the Interior, Report of the Statistics of Agriculture in the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1895), 216-217; and U.S. Census 1900, Department of the Interior, Agriculture Part I (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1902), 285-286.

⁶Milton D. Rafferty, The Ozarks Land and Life (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980), 64-66; Russel L. Gerlach, Immigrants in the Ozarks: A Study of Ethnic Geography (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1976), 43-51; and U.S. Census, Department of the Interior, Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900, Population, Part I (Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1901), 510-511.

⁷Ibid.

⁸Missouri State Gazetteer and Business Directory, 1876-1877, (St. Louis: R. L. Polk & Company, 1876), 196, 299; Missouri State Gazetteer and Business Directory, 1883-1884, (St. Louis: R. L. Polk & Company, 1884), 192, 314, 362-364, 618, 769; and Missouri State Gazetteer and Business Directory, 1889-1890, (St. Louis: R. L. Polk amp; Company, 1890), 186, 320, 359, 382, 384, 784, 944. Gamburg, sometime between 1877 and 1883, after changing its name from Little Black and moving about two miles, no longer reported having any churches.

⁹Missouri State Gazetteer, 1883-1884, 161, 192, 314, 362-363, 769.

¹⁰Missouri State Gazetteer, 1876-1877, 167-168; Missouri State Gazetteer, 1883-1884, 311; and Missouri State Gazetteer, 1889-1890, 315-316.

¹¹Missouri State Gazetteer, 1883-1884, 262, 280, 349, 587, 759, 1235; Missouri State Gazetteer, 1889-1890, 262. In 1907, the town of McDonald changed its name to Fremont.

¹²Arthur Paul Moser, "Carter County Place Names," Current River Regional Library, Van Buren, nd., 4, 14; and Oakley, History of Carter County, 72, 83.

¹³Missouri State Gazetteer, 1883-1884, 1235; and Missouri State Gazetteer, 1889-1890, 1478-1479.

¹⁴Missouri State Gazetteer, 1889-1890, 120; History of Shannon County Missouri, 1989, Friends of Shannon County (Dallas: Taylor Publishing Company, 1986), 13, 15.

¹⁵David Snyder, "Community of Cedar Grove," National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Van Buren, Missouri, Typescript, 1-3.

¹⁶Missouri State Gazetteer, 1883-1884, 169; Missouri State Gazetteer, 1889-1890, 159; and Missouri State Gazetteer, 1898-1899, 164.

¹⁷Morrow, "Modernity and the Current Wave," 97.

¹⁸Missouri State Gazetteer, 1883-1884, 327-328; Missouri State Gazetteer, 1889-1890, 338-339; and Missouri State Gazetteer, 1898-1899, 342.

¹⁹Current Local, 14 July 1888.

²⁰Missouri State Gazetteer, 1876-1877, 167, 641; History of Shannon County, 40; and The Current Local 14 July 1888.

²¹Missouri State Gazetteer, 1876-1877, 177; Missouri State Gazetteer, 1883-1884, 327; Missouri State Gazetteer, 1889-1890, 316, 338-339, 1478-1479; and The Current Local, 1 August 1907, 10 October 1907; and Leslie G. Hill, "History of the Missouri Lumber and Mining Company, 1880-1909," (Ph.D. diss., University of Missouri, 1949), 240.

²²G. W. Featherstonhaugh, Excursion through the Slave States (New York: Negro University Press and Greenwood Publishing Corporation, 1968 reprint or 1844 edition), 91.

²³Green, F. B. Collection, Reel #1, Western History Manuscript Collection, Columbia, Missouri; and Deatherage, Alfred, Account Envelopes, 1856-1857, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Missouri.

²⁴Robert Flanders and Lynn Morrow, Alley, An Ozarks Mill Hamlet, 1890-1925: Society, Economy, Landscape, Prepared for the Ozark National Scenic Riverways National Park Service, by The Center for Ozarks Studies, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 1985, 43-45.

²⁵Ibid., 32, 45-47.

²⁶Ibid., 47.

²⁷Ibid., 54-56.

²⁸Hill "History of the Missouri Lumber," 174, 175.

²⁹Ibid., 178.

³⁰Christabel Lacy and Bob White, Rural Schools and Communities in Cape Girardeau County, Published by The Center for Regional History and Cultural Heritage, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, 1985, 1-4.

³¹Grady McWhiney, Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South (Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1988), 197; Kimberly Scott Little, "Missouri Ozarks Rural Schools," National Register of Historic Places, Multiple Properties Documentation, Midwest Region, National Park Service, 1990, E2-E4.

³²Murphy, "Southeastern Ozark Region," 110-112, 139-141; Missouri, Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools of the State of Missouri for the year 1857, Jefferson City, Missouri, 1858, 24-27; Missouri, Fifth Annual Report of the Superintendent of Common Schools of the State of Missouri for the year 1870, Jefferson City, Missouri, 1871, 658-661. In 1857, Ripley County included most of the area of Carter County. The latter was formed in 1859.

³³Ibid., 167, 193. Missouri, Thirty-second Report of Public Schools of the State of Missouri for the year ending April 4, 1881, Jefferson City, Missouri, 1883, 48-55; Missouri, Fifty-second Report of Public Schools of the State of Missouri for the year ending June 30, 1901, Jefferson City, Missouri, 1902, 222-225.

³⁴Robert Lee, "Memories of Bill French," The Ozarker (March-April 1980): 2-3; William French, "Oral History Excerpts: Schools and Schooling," Center for Ozark Studies, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri; and Robert Flanders, "The Education of a Village Editor," Ozark Watch 1 (Winter 1988): 9.

³⁵Lee, "Memories of Bill French," 3; French Papers, 1877-1934, Folder 6, Western History Manuscript Collection, State Historical Society of Missouri Manuscripts, Rolla, Missouri, hereafter cited as French Papers, WHMC.

³⁶Pearl Lewis, "Oral History Excerpts: Schools and Schooling," Center for Ozark Studies, Southwest Missouri State University.

³⁷French Papers, Folder 6, WHMC; and Flanders, Alley, An Ozark Mill Hamlet, 40.

³⁸Nancy Conley, "Oral History Excerpts: Schools and Schooling," Center for Ozark Studies, Southwest Missouri Sate University; and Little, "Ozarks Rural Schools," E9-E10.

³⁹French Papers, Folder 6, WHMC; and Little, "Ozarks Rural Schools," E10.

⁴⁰French Papers, Folder 17, WHMC.

⁴¹Ibid.

⁴²Flanders, Alley, An Ozark Mill Hamlet, 41.

⁴³Paul Faulkenberry, "Oral History Excerpts: Schools and Schooling," Center for Ozark Studies, Southwest Missouri Sate University; Flanders, Alley, An Ozark Mill Hamlet, 42; and Little, "Ozarks Rural Schools," E14-E16.

⁴⁴Kimberly Scott Little, "Lower Parker School," National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Midwest Region, National Park Service, Omaha, Nebraska, 1990, 8-8.

⁴⁵Little, "Ozarks Rural Schools," E5-E8.

⁴⁶Leonard E. Brown and Merrill Mattes, "An Evaluation of the Historic Resources of Ozark National Scenic Riverways and Recommendations for their Preservation," Draft Project No. 41, National Park Service, Washington, July 1971, 5, 15-17; "List of Classified Structures," Historical Architecture Division, National Park Service, Washington, June 1988.

⁴⁷Price interview; and Flanders, Alley, An Ozark Mill Hamlet, 42.

⁴⁸Missouri State Gazetteers, 1883-1899; Flanders, Alley, An Ozark Mill Hamlet, 42; and Hill, "History of the Missouri Lumber and Mining Company," 242.

⁴⁹Hill, "History of the Missouri Lumber," 147-149.

⁵⁰Flanders, Alley, An Ozark Mill Hamlet, 42; Interview with Vernon Nichols, June 12, 1986; and "Ink, As Remembered by Artie Swiney," History of Shannon County Missouri 1986, 15.

⁵¹Flanders, "Regional History," 244.