NPS-28: CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE

Please note that no appendices, except Appendix C, have been indexed here.

Abandoned Shipwreck Act and Guidelines 49, 67, 77-78 (see also submerged cultural resources)

Accessibility 5, 6, 7, 12, 41-42, 47, 79, 124 (for specific issues, see handicapped accessibility, health and safety, traditional resource use, or interpretation)

Accessibility of information 11-12, 20, 21, 36, 47, 69, 72-73, 76-78, 80, 94, 145-146, 157, 160-161, 164-165, 174, 206, 210, 211, 214, 216, 217, 218, 219, 222, 225 (see also specific resource types)

Accessioning (of museum objects) 76, 98, 128, 142, 144-146, 151 (see also deaccessioning)

Acquisition of lands (see land acquisition)

Acquisition of museum objects (see museum objects, and accessioning)

Adaptive use 36, 37, 50, 83, 87, 95-96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 121, 122-123, 128, 129-130, 131, 134

Adjacent lands (see lands outside park boundaries)

Administration 11-15, 36, 37, 50-52, 53-56, 61, 71-72, 97, 120, 122, 125, 155, 198-199, 211

Administrative history 26, 139-141

Adverse effects on cultural resources 1, 12, 17, 28, 36, 37, 38, 39, 44, 45, 46, 47, 53, 59-61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 70, 78, 80, 83, 85, 86, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 109, 116, 119, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 150, 151, 152-155, 169, 171, 210, 211, 212, 214, 217, 218, 221, 222, 226, 227 (see also Section 106 compliance)

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 19, 32, 34, 39, 53, 54, 55, 56-64, 72, 83, 124, 197, 226

Agricultural uses 11, 80, 88, 105, 107, 108, 110

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) 161, 166, 172

Alaska natives 81, 88, 159, 160, 161, 172, 173, 175 (see also Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act)

American Anthropological Association 21, principles of conduct, 164

American Association of Museums 155

American Association for State and Local History (AASLH) 52, 207, 216

American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA) 172, 173, 174-175

American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works-- code of ethics 151

Americans with Disabilities Act 43 (see also handicapped accessibility)

Anthropologist 14, 51, 157, 164-165, 228

Anthropology 19, 21, 25, 157, 163, 164-165, 166, 168, 228 (see also ethnography)

Antiquities Act 6, 47, 67, 70, 72, 143

Applied ethnography program 157, 163-164, 165-166, 168-170

Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) 6, 47, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 77, 143, 164, 172

ARPA Permits 47, 69, 70, 71-72, 82, 162

Archeological and Historic Preservation Act 67

Archeological and preservation centers 14, 17, 23, 29, 48, 54, 56, 67, 68, 76, 82, 83, 86, 126, 142, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 155, 156

Archeological collections 67, 68, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78-79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 137, 138, 139, 141, 147, 148, 150, 153, 162

Archeological data recovery study 27, 33, 68, 71, 79, 80, 83, 85

Archeological evaluation study 25, 33, 68, 74-75, 78, 79, 80

Archeological identification study 25, 33, 68, 74, 75-76, 78, 79, 80

Archeological information management (see Cultural Sites Inventory and archeological collections)

Archeological overview and assessment 19, 25, 30 33, 68, 69, 74, 75, 79

Archeological resources 3, 4, 6, 7-8, 10, 12, 13, 21, 23, 24, 25-26, 28, 35, 36, 43, 47, 48, 49, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 67-86, 89, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 113, 114, 122, 126, 129, 136, 160, 162, 164, 198, 201, 206, 207, 208, 210, 213, 215, 221-225, 226, 227, 228, 229

Archeologist 3, 5, 36, 47, 50, 52, 61, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 96, 111, 113, 167, 199, 214, 228

Archeology (methods) 9, 21, 24, 25, 27, 60, 67, 68, 70-71, 80, 82, 90, 91, 92, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 116, 119, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 136, 141, 147, 150, 152, 162, 172, 173, 199, 201, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 213, 215, 221-225

Architectural Barriers Act 42, 43 (see also handicapped accessibility)

Architectural historian 199, 218, 228

Archival and manuscript collections (and archival research) 20, 25, 26, 27, 30, 37, 71, 76, 94, 98, 120, 125, 128, 137, 138-142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 152, 155, 165, 166, 201, 203, 204-205, 208, 212, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225

Archives (see archival and manuscript collections)

Archivist 51, 81, 98, 128, 144, 146, 155

Area of potential effects 58, 59, 60 (see also Section 106)

Artifacts (see museum objects)

Assessment of Actions Having an Effect on Cultural Resources form (see Section 106 form)

Automated National Catalog System (ANCS) (see National Catalog of Museum Objects)

Base map (park or cultural resources) 25, 26, 33, 71, 74, 75, 76, 81, 86, 89, 92 (see also maps and mapping)

Biotic systems 9, 15, 87, 103-106, 158, 160, 163, 166 (see also vegetation and cultural landscapes)

Black powder 154

Boats (see nautical vessels)

Boundaries, identifying resource 2, 22, 59, 89, 91-92, 114, 161, 168, 200, 205, 209, 210, 212-213, Appendix Q

Boundaries, park 2, 11, 13, 32, 34, 58, 59 (see also lands outside park boundaries)

Budget 17, 29, 30, 50-51, 54, 57, 72, 83, 115, 141, 168, 170, 199 (see also funds and funding)

Buildings (see historic and prehistoric structures and National Register of Historic Places)

Burials (see human remains)

Card catalogs 142

Carrying capacity 36, 37 (see also accessibility)

Cataloging (of museum objects) 14, 23, 29, 51, 71, 76, 77, 78, 84, 98, 128, 138, 141, 142, 144-145, 146, 147, 150, 151-152, 153

Categories of resources (see resource types and categories)

Categories of significance (see significance)

Cemeteries 8, 88, 108-109, 169, 201

Centers (see archeological and preservation centers, Harpers Ferry Center, or Denver Service Center)

Character-defining features 10, 12, 22, 25, 36, 45, 47, 56, 58, 59, 74, 75, 78, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 109, 119, 125, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 208, 209, 212, 221, 226, 227, 229

Checklist for Preservation and Protection of Museum Collections 33, 152

Circulation systems 38, 87, 95, 107, 109-110 (see also roads and parkways or accessibility)

CLI (see Cultural Landscapes Inventory)

Climate control (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) 37, 45, 118, 123, 124, 125, 126, 132, 148, 149, 150-151, 152

CLR (see cultural landscape report)

Cluster-wide archeological inventory plan 21, 68, 73-74, 75, 83 (see also Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program)

Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works 151

A Code of Ethics for Archivists (SAA) 155

Code of ethics for curators (AAM) 155

Code of ethics for ethnographers (principles of conduct) 164

Codes (fire, health and safety, etc.) 49-50, 102, 109, 120, 124-125, 132, 135, 226, 227 (see also National Fire Protection Association)

Collaboration and interdisciplinary cooperation 2, 3-4, 7, 13, 17, 19, 26, 28, 29, 34, 46, 49, 54, 57, 62, 64, 71, 72, 73, 80-82, 91, 110, 113, 126, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162-164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 175, 176, 204, 214, 222 (see also consultation and research)

Collecting (see traditional use, research, and field investigation)

Collecting permits 144

Collection condition survey 148, 149, 150

Collection management plan 33, 147-148, 149, 156

Collection storage plan 148, 149

Collections (see museum objects)

Collections management report 152

Commemorative works and plaques 10, 23, 45-46, 88, 109, 123-124, 137, 158 (see also monuments and memorials)

Community cultural experts/community consultants 2, 10, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 26, 32, 34, 38, 39, 48, 53, 61, 73, 81, 82, 85, 108, 116, 125-126, 143, 146, 148, 157, 158, 159, 161, 163-164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 199, 200, 201, 208, 211, 215, 223 (see also consultation, collaboration, and research)

Compatible design 7, 36, 42, 43, 45-46, 47, 54, 56, 59, 61, 83, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 105, 109, 120, 121, 122-123, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 201, 226

Compliance (see Section 106, NAGPRA, NEPA or other specific legislation)

Concessions 42, 43, 57, 123, 134-135

Confidentiality 21, 30, 36, 47, 50, 69, 77-78, 80, 94, 164-165, 168, 211, 214, 222, 225

Conservation of archeological resources 71, 73, 223

Conservation of energy (see energy conservation)

Conservation of museum objects 37, 44, 45, 138, 141, 142, 143, 145, 148, 150-151, 155

Conservator 14, 81, 113, 148, 151

Construction 18, 20, 38, 51, 54, 57, 59, 67, 75, 78, 79, 80, 95, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 130, 132, 133, 221, 224, 226, 227

Consultation 2, 12, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 32, 34, 36, 38, 39, 47, 49, 51, 53, 56-57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63-64, 67, 70, 71, 72-73, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 89, 94, 95, 96, 103, 108, 109, 116, 119, 120, 122, 125-126, 143, 146, 148, 157, 158, 159, 161, 163-164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 198, 199, 200, 201, 208, 211, 215, 216, 218, 223, 226, 227, 228 (see also collaboration and interdisciplinary cooperation, planning, ethnography, and Section 106 compliance)

Consumptive use (of museum objects) 81, 82, 145, 152-154, 169 (see also subsistence, traditional resource use, and traditional use study)

Context (see historic context)

Contracts and contracting 14, 28, 29, 70, 71, 72, 126, 134, 141, 148, 164-165, 166, 206, 223

Cooperative agreements 49, 71, 72, 134, 165, 175 (see also collaboration and interdisciplinary cooperation)

Cultural affiliation 25, 81, 82, 89, 154, 158, 162, 167, 169, 173, 176

Cultural affiliation study 25, 33, 167

Cultural anthropology 21, 157 (see also ethnography)

Cultural identity 5, 15, 88, 158, 160

Cultural landscape report (CLR) 26, 27, 28, 33, 62, 91-94, 95, 111, 117, 120

Cultural landscapes 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 19, 35, 36, 41, 43, 47, 48, 50, 57, 60, 61, 76, 81, 87-111, 114, 115, 119, 126, 129, 130, 131, 138, 162, 167, 171, 227, 228 (see also ethnographic landscapes)

  categories of 87, 88-89

  documentation of 19, 21, 24, 26, 28, 36, 57, 63, 81, 89, 90-94, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 108, 139

  remnants of 110

Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) 22-23, 24, 26, 33, 69, 76, 91, 94, 95, 108, 111

Cultural patrimony, objects of (see Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act)

Cultural resource management-- overview 1-16 (see specific issues, resource types, etc.)

Cultural resources (see inventories, specific resource types, and overview pp. 1-16)

  nature of 5, 9-10, 11, 52

  categorization of (see resource types and categories)

  significance of (see significance and National Register of Historic Places)

Cultural Resources Management Bibliography (CRBIB) 20, 69, 77, 111, 133, 136, 149, 150

Cultural Sites Inventory (CSI) 23, 24, 25, 58, 69, 76, 77, 86, 168, 176

Cultural systems 5, 6, 9, 15, 157, 163, 170-171

Curation of Federally Owned and Administered Archeological Collections (36 CFR Part 79) 78, 84, 138, 141

Curator 14, 45, 47, 51, 52, 61, 73, 81, 82, 94, 98, 110, 113, 120, 128, 141, 144, 148, 153, 155, 162, 167

Cyclic maintenance 44, 51, 57, 127, 133, 143, 153, 155

Data recovery 2, 6, 12, 27, 36, 61, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 99, 100, 102, 103, 122, 129, 130, 131, 132, 137, 150, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225

Deaccessioning (of museum objects) 146

Demolition (see removals)

Denver Service Center 29, 56, 59, 60, 61, 126

Design 7, 9, 11, 19, 36, 42, 43, 45-46, 47, 56, 59, 61, 75, 76, 78, 80, 88, 90, 92, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 109, 110, 114, 117, 120, 121, 122-123, 124, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 148, 213 (see also compatible design)

Designed landscapes (see historic designed landscapes)

Destructive analysis 19, 28, 71, 81, 82, 84, 92, 97, 116, 119, 127, 145, 152-154, 206, 222, 224

Deterioration of cultural resources 1, 5, 7, 11, 14, 36, 44, 46, 48, 59, 69, 84, 85, 98, 99, 100, 101, 108, 113, 117, 121, 122, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 173, 201, 202, 209, 212, 225, 226, 227, 229 (see also maintenance, preservation, preservation maintenance, and stabilization)

Determination of eligibility (see National Register-- eligibility for listing in, criteria-- and Section 106 compliance)

Development concept plan 33, 39, 40, 63, 69, 70, 74, 75, 80, 83, 94, 120, 147

Director's Order 27 (see Historic Property Leases and Exchanges)

Disasters (see emergencies)

Disclosure of information about cultural resources (see confidentiality)

Departmental Manual 48, 137, 142

Documentation (see National Register of Historic Places, Secretary's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation, materials analysis, physical documentation, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record, or specific inventory or resource type)

Documents, historic (see archival and manuscript collections)

DOE (determination of eligibility) (see National Register-eligibility for listing in, criteria-- and Section 106 compliance)

Earthworks 105, 107, 110

Easements 41, 48, 107, 135, 210, 213, 217, 218, 221 (see also land acquisition, and lands outside park boundaries)

Education 9, 13, 15, 85, 145, 170, 175, 198, 208, 211, 228 (see also interpretation or qualifications)

Effects on cultural resources (see Section 106 compliance and adverse effects)

Eligibility for the National Register (see National Register-- eligibility for listing in, criteria-- and Section 106 compliance)

Emergencies and emergency management 13, 48, 80, 125, 149, 150, 151, 155, 218

Emergency operations plan (EOP) 48, 80, 149, 150, 151, 155

Endangered species 38, 104, 106, 161, 174

Energy conservation 45, 120, 123, 124, 125 (see also climate control)

Ethics 20, 151, 155, 157, 164 (see also Appendix C for basic preservation principles)

Ethnicity 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15, 25, 26, 38, 46, 82, 88, 158-159, 160, 175

Ethnobiology 160

Ethnographer 18, 26, 38, 61, 73, 81, 113, 158, 159, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 171, 175

Ethnographic collections 39, 138, 148, 162, 176 (see also Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act)

Ethnographic landscapes 38, 76, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 96, 108, 157, 160, 161, 162, 167, 171, 175 (see also cultural landscapes)

Ethnographic landscape study 167

Ethnographic oral and life history 27, 168

Ethnographic overview and assessment 25, 33, 166, 167, 170

Ethnographic program strategy 73, 157, 168-170, 176

Ethnographic resources 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26, 35, 38, 39, 41, 46, 50, 57, 63, 76, 82, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 96, 108, 113, 114, 116, 126, 148, 157-176, 201, 216

Ethnographic Resources Inventory 23, 164, 165, 168, 176 (see also Cultural Sites Inventory)

Ethnography 21, 138, 157, 162-166, 200, 201, 205, 223 (see also cultural anthropology)

Ethnohistory 25, 27, 71, 162, 167-168, 173, 215

Evaluation of resources (see National Register-- eligibility for listing in, criteria--, Section 106 compliance, significance of resources, and individual resource types and categories)

Excavation 19, 36, 47, 78, 84, 97, 116, 127, 137, 139, 167, 173, 221, 224 (see also data recovery)

Executive Order 11593 (see Section 110, National Historic Preservation Act)

Exhibitions 33, 37, 69, 80, 81, 83, 94, 134, 137, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 175, 222

Exhibit plan and design 33, 37, 80, 81, 83, 94, 148, 149, 175

"Exotic" species 104, 105, 138

Federal Records Centers 140, 141 (see also National Archives)

Fences 7, 8, 57, 95, 105, 107, 109, 113

Field investigation 11, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 33, 36, 38, 47, 58, 71-72, 74-76, 78, 80, 81, 82, 89, 90, 91, 92, 103, 116, 119, 132, 141, 143, 164, 165, 166-167, 170, 171-172, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 215, 217, 219, 222, 223, 224, 228

Field records 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 30, 76, 90, 94, 120, 138, 139, 141, 164, 165, 217, 220, 221, 224, 225

Fire 13, 37, 48, 49-50, 80, 102, 120, 122, 123, 125, 132, 133, 135, 142, 146, 150, 152, 218

Fire management 49-50, 80, 120

Fire prevention and protection 37, 48, 49-50, 80, 102, 122, 123, 125, 132, 133, 135, 142, 146, 150, 152, 218 (see also appendices L and M)

Floods and floodplain management 37, 68, 78, 142, 150

Formatting for cultural resource reports 20-21, 35, 56, 199, 203, 212, 216, 218, 224, 225 (see also individual report types)

Funds and funding 7, 14, 17, 21, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 44, 50-51, 56, 57, 68, 70, 83-84, 96, 117, 121, 125, 126, 134, 147, 148, 152, 155, 156, 197, 223, 226

Furnishings (see historic furnishings)

Furnished historic structures (see museum buildings and historic furnishings)

General management plan (GMP) 33, 35, 39, 63, 69, 70, 74, 75, 79, 94, 120, 127, 147, 169, 170

General Services Administration 142, 197

Geographic(al) information systems (GIS) 32, 52, 69

Graphic documentation 20, 23, 27, 28, 90, 91, 92, 94, 98, 115, 119-120, 126, 128, 137, 138, 139, 141, 172, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221 (see also HABS/HAER, photography, maps and mapping)

Handicapped accessibility 38, 41, 42-43, 47, 83, 96, 104, 126, 127, 137, 140

Harpers Ferry Center 27, 175

Hawaiian (see Native Hawaiian)

Health and safety 36, 37, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 83, 98, 105, 106, 109, 122, 124, 125, 128, 135, 229

Heritage corridor 32, 62

Historian 5, 12, 14, 19, 26, 51, 61, 199, 214, 218, 228, 229

Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) 108, 122, 217-221

Historic and prehistoric structures 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 35, 37, 41, 43-45, 47, 48, 49-50, 54, 57, 60, 61, 63, 67, 76, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 89, 98, 99, 100, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 113-136, 137, 139, 142, 149, 150, 154, 157, 160, 162, 163, 173, 201, 206, 208, 209, 210, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229

Historic contexts 9, 14, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 33, 36, 40, 54, 69, 90, 91, 92, 107, 111, 114, 116, 117, 160, 161, 162, 166, 168, 198, 199-204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209-210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 223, 224, 225, 229 (see also National Register of Historic Places)

Historic designed landscapes 19, 88, 90, 95, 96, 103, 110, 162

Historic districts 4, 7, 8, 23, 24, 57, 88, 90, 115, 116, 124, 137, 201, 210, 213, 219, 226, 229

Historic fabric (see historic material)

Historic furnishings 7, 8, 12, 27, 33, 45, 96, 120, 121, 123, 135, 137, 142, 145, 149, 154-155

Historic furnishings report 27, 33, 120, 149, 156

Historic houses 6, 7, 14, 43, 57, 67, 97, 115, 122, 123, 137, 201, 202

Historic material 12, 44, 45, 47, 59, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 110, 113, 117, 125, 128, 129 130, 131, 132, 226, 227, 228

Historic properties (see cultural resources, inventories, specific resource types, general discussion in chapter 1, resource types and categories, significance, and National Register of Historic Places)

  defined for Section 106 purposes 57

Historic Property Leases and Exchanges (Director's Order 27) 107, 134

Historic property leasing 43, 54, 60, 80, 107, 123, 129, 134

Historic Property Preservation Database (HPPD) 44, 106, 120, 122, 133 (see also Maintenance Management and Inventory and Condition Assessment Program)

Historic resource study (HRS) 25-26, 27, 30, 33, 58, 81, 89, 90, 91, 94, 114, 117, 118

Historic sites 88, 90, 110, 162

Historic Sites Act 6, 143

Historic structure report (HSR) 27, 28, 33, 81, 115-119, 120, 123, 126, 127, 128, 149

Historic structure preservation guide (HSPG) (see Inventory and Condition Assessment Program)

Historic vernacular landscapes 7, 88, 90, 96, 103, 162

Historical archeologist 67, 82, 214, 228 (see also archeologist)

Historical architect 3, 45, 47, 51, 61, 81, 109, 113, 119, 126, 127, 128, 129, 214, 229

Historical base map (see base map)

Historical collections 138 (see also historic furnishings)

Historical landscape architect 3, 47, 51, 61, 111, 113

History 3, 5, 6, 9, 21, 24, 25-26, 27, 67, 74, 75, 81, 88, 89, 90, 91-92, 102, 104, 113, 114, 116, 117, 119, 131, 138, 139, 141, 149, 160, 162, 167, 171, 198, 199, 200, 201, 204, 208, 209, 214-216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227, 228

History and Prehistory in the National Park System and the National Historic Landmarks Program (see thematic framework)

Housing (park) 43, 57, 97, 115, 122, 123 (see historic structures, historic houses)

Housing Management Plan 123

HPPD (see Historic Property Preservation Database)

HRS (see Historic Resource Study)

HSR (see historic structure report)

Human remains 7, 14, 73, 79, 82, 108, 109, 110, 143, 146, 153, 154, 158, 168, 173, 223, 225 (see also cemeteries, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act)

HVAC (see climate control)

ICAP (see Inventory and Condition Assessment Program)

Identification of resources 21-28, 201-201 (see also inventory, research, survey, National Register of Historic Places, Section 106, and individual resource types)

Independent research 28-29, 70, 71, 77, 82, 145, 147 (see also ARPA permits, collecting permits, research, collaboration)

Information and Telecommunications Center 142

In-kind replacement 44, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 119, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 226, 227, 229

Inspections 206

  health and safety 46

  buildings and landscapes 106, 118, 133

  (see also collections condition survey, monitoring, and Inventory and Condition Assessment Program)

Intangible aspects of cultural systems 6, 9, 10, 11, 16, 59, 157, 201 (see also history, ethnography, significance of resources)

Integrated pest management (IPM) 49, 104, 105, 106, 108)

Integrity 1, 10-11, 14, 19, 24, 25, 28, 41, 43, 46, 59, 74, 75, 84, 87, 89, 90, 94, 95, 98, 101, 103, 106, 107, 110, 113, 114, 121, 124, 125, 128, 130, 135, 137, 144, 149, 151, 158, 170-171, 173, 174, 201, 205, 208, 209, 210, 226, 227, 229 (see also National Register and Section 106 compliance)

Interdisciplinary collaboration (see collaboration)

Interpretation 1, 7, 13, 15, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 34, 36, 42, 52, 85, 86, 88, 89, 94, 97, 101, 109, 110, 113, 114, 116, 119, 120, 122, 127, 131, 137, 138, 141, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 154, 158, 159, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 170, 171, 175, 214, 215, 221, 225, 226, 227, 228 (see also education)

Interpretive prospectus 34, 74, 80, 94, 114, 120, 147

Inventories 1, 19, 20, 21-27, 30, 32, 36, 40, 54, 58, 64, 197-211, 217, 219, 229 (see also individual resource types, survey)

Inventory and Condition Assessment Program (ICAP) 43-44, 81, 94, 97, 98, 99, 106, 111, 117, 122, 126, 127-128, 129, 133

Land acquisition 22, 23, 26, 41, 48-49, 54, 60, 71, 91, 106-107, 115, 117, 229

Land protection plan 48, 74, 158

Lands outside park boundaries 32, 34, 48-49, 55, 58, 59, 64, 106-108

Landscapes (see cultural landscapes)

Landscape remnants (see cultural landscapes)

Law (see Appendix B or individual law by name)

Law enforcement 6, 13, 36, 46, 47, 59, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 133, 142, 143, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 164, 167, 172, 173, 225

LCS (see List of Classified Structures)

Leasing (see historic property leasing)

Levels of investigation 17-19 (see also research)

Libraries and library materials 50, 141, 142, 217, 218, 220, 225

Library of Congress 217, 218, 225

List of Classified Structures (LCS) 23, 24, 26, 33, 37, 58, 69, 76, 110, 115, 124, 133

Loans (of museum objects) 143, 144, 145-146, 147

Looting (see law enforcement)

Loss control management 46, 48, 50, 125, 150 (see also health and safety)

Maintenance 1, 12, 14, 27, 37, 43-45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 57, 59, 62, 81, 84, 87, 89, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 122, 124, 127, 128-129, 133, 135, 139, 149, 151, 153, 155, 171, 173, 174, 201, 225, 226, 229 (see also cyclic maintenance, Historic Property Preservation Database, preservation, preservation maintenance, Maintenance Management, and Inventory and Condition Assessment Program)

Maintenance Management 43-45, 106, 115, 122, 133

Management of Museum Properties Act 143, 146

Management Policies 2, 3, 4, 7, 17, 28, 29, 32, 34, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 55, 62, 63, 67, 68, 71, 73, 78, 84, 87, 113, 115, 121, 122, 124, 127, 133, 134 143, 151, 157, 158, 159, 161, 163, 164, 166, 170, 172, 174

Manual of Style 21 (see also formatting)

Maps and mapping 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33, 71, 74, 75, 76, 81, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 111, 120, 137, 138, 139, 141, 164, 165, 167, 170, 174, 175, 204, 206, 212, 213, 215, 225 (see also base map, geographic information systems)

Materials analysis 8, 11, 28, 71, 81, 82, 91, 92, 116, 120, 145, 152, 154, 206, 207, 225

Measured drawings 217-221 (see also Historic American Buildings Survey and Historic American Engineering Record)

Memorandum of Understanding 159, 175 (see also cooperative agreements)

Memorandum of Agreement (see Section 106)

Monitoring 13, 17, 22, 44, 68, 69, 70, 79, 84, 85, 87, 97, 105, 106, 119, 120, 127, 133, 143, 149, 150, 151, 158, 166, 168, 169, 174 (see also preservation)

Monuments and memorials 6, 8, 10, 23, 45-46, 88, 110, 113, 121, 123-124, 158, 159, 169 (see also commemorative works and plaques)

Museum buildings that are historic structures 37, 45, 47, 49, 110, 120, 121, 123-125, 126, 135, 137, 142, 145, 149, 150, 154, 155, 156 (see also historic furnishings)

Museum catalog record (see cataloging, Automated National Catalog System, and National Catalog of Museum Objects)

Museum and archival collections 15, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 38, 41, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 67, 68, 69, 71, 75, 77, 80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 99, 113, 125-126, 137-159, 160, 163, 165, 168, 174, 175, 228, 236, 238

Museum Handbook 23, 28, 37, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 76, 84, 138, 139, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155

Museum objects 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 69, 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 89, 94, 103, 110, 120, 123, 125, 126, 132, 135, 137-156, 157, 160, 162, 167, 173, 202, 206, 210, 213, 217, 222, 225, 228

  acquisition of 26-27, 37, 38, 76, 139, 141, 143-144, 146, 149

  annual physical inventory of 150, 151-152, 155, 156

National Archeological Database (NADB) 20, 77

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) 137, 138, 141, 155

National Catalog of Museum Objects and Automated National Catalog System (ANCS) 23, 77, 78, 144, 145, 146, 152 (see also cataloging)

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 32, 54, 57, 61, 83, 167, 170, 171, 172

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 50

National Heritage Corridors 32, 62

National Historic Landmarks 24, 41, 61, 116, 207, 211, 219 (see also thematic framework)

National Historic Preservation Act 3, 6, 7, 21, 23, 27, 32, 39, 47, 53, 54, 61, 62, 64, 67, 69, 77, 83, 89, 108, 114, 122, 125, 134, 164, 171, 172, 197, 218 (see also Section 106 and Section 110)

National Maritime Initiative Inventory 69, 77

National Register of Historic Places 4, 7, 19, 21, 22, 23-24, 32, 33, 53, 56, 57, 58, 68, 77, 89, 91, 92, 95, 108, 111, 114, 116, 122, 134, 137, 164, 165, 174, 197-217, 219

  criteria 22, 23, 24, 32, 53, 54, 57, 58, 69, 77, 92, 96, 108, 137, 200, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 229

  eligibility for listing in 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32, 33, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 68, 71, 73, 75, 77, 83, 89, 90-91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 108, 114, 116, 122, 134, 135, 137, 165, 172, 174, 209, 229

  historical parks (NPS) automatically listed in 22, 89, 114

  nomination to 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 32, 33, 53, 54, 58, 60, 62, 68, 69, 71, 73, 77, 79, 83-84, 89, 90-91, 94, 95, 114, 115, 122, 134, 135, 164, 165, 174, 197-217

National Register Technical Information System 58

National Technical Information Service 164, 210, 225

Native Americans 5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 32, 34, 38, 39, 53, 58, 61, 67, 73, 79, 81, 82, 88, 116, 125-126, 138, 143, 146, 148, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 167, 172, 173, 174-175, 201, 223 (see also collaboration, consultation, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, and American Indian Religious Freedom Act)

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) 6, 55, 67, 73, 81, 153-154, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 176

Native Hawaiians 61, 81, 138, 159, 172, 173, 175 (see also Native Americans and NAGPRA)

Natural history collections 8, 23, 41, 47, 137, 138, 141, 145, 146, 152, 153, 154, 162, 167, 173

Natural resources 1, 7, 8, 9, 15, 25, 35, 36, 38, 41, 43, 50, 57, 68, 69, 70, 78, 79, 80, 84, 87, 88, 89, 97, 98, 103-104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 117, 123, 126, 128, 138, 139, 141, 150, 157, 158, 160-161, 162, 163, 166, 168, 169, 170, 174, 201, 208, 218, 225 (see also biotic systems, cultural landscapes, natural history collections)

Natural Resources Management Guideline (NPS-77) 49, 104, 106, 138, 145, 161, 166

Nautical vessels 113

Neglect of cultural resources 31, 59, 108, 122, 223

Nominations (see National Register)

Object conservation (see conservation and preventive conservation)

Objects (see museum objects, museum collections, National Register, resource types and categories)

Offerings (see also sacred sites and religious properties) 159, 169

Office of Personnel Management (OPM) 28, 51

Operations or program evaluations 26, 56, 151-152

Oral histories 6, 19, 27, 71, 120, 139, 143, 162, 165, 200, 205, 214, 215, 224

Oral traditions 157, 160, 166, 168, 171, 200, 224

Park administrative history (see administrative history)

Park applied ethnography program 157

Park ethnographic program strategy 168

Parkways 6, 10, 88, 109, 206 (see also roads)

Participant observation 166

Partnerships 12, 13, 32, 42, 48, 106, 123, 133-135, 159, 164, 172, 175 (see also cooperative agreements, planning, and stewardship)

Period of historical significance (see National Register and significance of resources)

Personnel 7, 14, 29, 35, 44, 51-52, 55-56, 70, 71, 139, 141, 154, 197, 211, 215, 224, 225, 228-229 (see also qualifications standards, and staffing)

Pest management (see integrated pest management)

Peyote 174-175

Photography 20, 21, 23, 76, 90, 91, 92, 94, 98, 117, 119, 120, 126, 128, 138, 139, 141, 143, 145, 154, 165, 205, 209, 210, 213, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 225

Physical documentation 27, 28, 33, 59, 90, 92, 116, 118, 144-145, 217-221, 224-225

Planning 1-2, 11, 12-13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31-40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63-64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71-72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79-80, 81, 83, 84, 87, 89, 91, 92, 94-96, 106, 107, 108, 109 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120-122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133, 135, 142, 143, 147-150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168-170, 171, 175, 197-203

Planning Documents and Cultural Resources Research (chart) 33

Planning Process Guideline (NPS-2) 17, 31, 35, 54, 107

Plant collection 94, 98, 138, 160, 161, 174 (see also traditional resource use, subsistence, and research)

Plaques (see commemorative works and plaques)

Position descriptions 51, 56, 155

Preservation (as a treatment) 1, 2, 12, 14, 23, 31, 32, 37, 41, 42, 43-45, 46, 53, 68, 69, 70, 78, 79, 80, 81, 84-85, 87, 96, 98-99, 103, 110, 113, 115, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127-129, 135, 142-143, 147, 149, 150-151, 152, 155, 173, 174, 198, 201, 207, 213, 214, 218, 226, 229 (see also monitoring, preservation maintenance, Maintenance Management, Inventory and Condition Assessment Program, and stabilization)

Preservation maintenance 43-45, 46, 87, 89, 98-99, 110, 120, 121, 122, 127-129, 133, 135

Preservation planning 197-203 (see also planning)

Preventive conservation (of museum objects) 37, 44, 142-143, 149, 150-151, 155, 156 (see also conservation of museum objects)

Priorities (see planning and preservation)

Programmatic agreements (see Section 106)

Programming for cultural resources management 1, 3, 7, 11-15, 21, 22, 29, 32, 34-35, 47, 50-52, 53, 54, 57, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 79, 80, 87, 91, 94, 97, 113, 115, 125, 126, 127, 128, 142, 148, 151, 155, 157, 158, 162-163, 166, 167, 168-170 174, 198 (see also budget, planning, and resources management plan)

Public involvement (see consultation, collaboration, Section 106 compliance, and traditional users)

Qualifications (personnel) standards 17, 28, 51, 52, 56, 62, 70, 71, 82, 92, 98, 99, 124, 126, 128, 129, 145, 147, 197-198, 208, 211, 224, 225, 228-229

Rapid ethnographic assessment procedures (REAP) 18, 26, 33, 167, 170, 176

Reconstruction 2, 18, 23, 31, 85, 96, 101, 102-103, 117, 119, 121-122, 124, 127, 132-133, 213, 214, 217, 218, 221, 226, 227-228, 229

Records associated with research and collections 8, 23, 27, 28, 29, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 137, 138-142, 144-145, 147, 150, 166, 168, 169, 210, 213, 214-226

Records management 6, 13, 22, 27, 28, 59, 60, 61, 68, 71, 76, 78, 84, 91, 92, 97, 98, 105, 117, 119, 120, 122, 126, 127, 128, 133, 137, 138-142, 144-145, 146 147, 150, 168, 169, 210, 213, 214-226 (see also archival and manuscript collections and National Archives)

Records Management Guideline (NPS-19) 138, 141, 144

Recreational use 1, 5, 8, 41-42, 57, 108, 109, 158

Registration 197, 198, 202, 207, 210-214, 228, 229 (see also National Register of Historic Places)

Regulations (see subject area or individual law, and Appendix B)

Rehabilitation 1, 2, 31, 37, 42, 43, 48, 50, 51, 57, 85, 96, 100-101, 106, 109, 117, 121, 122, 123, 127, 129-131, 134, 135, 155, 202, 213, 214, 219, 226-227, 229

Release forms 27, 143

Religious properties and CRM concerns related to religious matters 2, 6, 9, 10, 12, 61, 73, 77, 157, 160, 161, 162, 164, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 201, 206, 210, 213, 225 223, 235 (see also sacred sites)

Remote sensing 71, 82, 85

Removal of or from historic structures or cultural landscapes 28, 59-60, 92, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 108, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 226, 227, 229

Removals from archeological sites 47, 59-60, 69, 78, 92, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 107, 116, 119, 122, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132

Repatriation (see Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act)

Reproductions (of objects) 31, 123, 145, 153, 145, 155

Request for proposals (RFP) 28

Research 1, 3, 9, 11-12, 13, 17-30, 32, 34, 35, 38, 49, 51, 54, 56, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71-78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89-94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 111, 113, 114-120, 122, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143-147, 149, 151, 152, 154, 156, 163-168, 169, 170, 176, 200, 201, 203, 204-211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229

Research design 19, 20, 21, 27, 38, 67, 71-72, 81, 82, 92, 116, 119, 154, 164, 165, 170, 203, 204-211, 214, 215, 216, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229

Research methodologies 17, 21, 27, 71, 82, 116, 165-166, 203, 204-211, 215-216

Resource management records 137, 139-142

Resource types and categories 3, 4, 7-9, 11, 24, 26, 32, 67, 75, 81, 88-89, 94, 96, 115, 117, 137, 138-142, 160, 162, 226

Resources management plan 29, 30, 34-35, 38, 39, 51, 54, 68, 69, 74, 75, 79, 80, 83, 89, 94, 96, 111, 120, 126, 147, 169, 170

Restoration 2, 18, 31, 85, 96, 101-102, 106, 117, 121, 122, 127, 131-132, 138, 151, 155, 202, 213 214, 218, 226, 227, 228, 229

Risk management (see loss control management)

Roads 14, 26, 42, 87, 88, 95, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 113 (see also parkways)

Sacred sites and sacred matters 5, 21, 38, 73, 79, 143, 146, 153, 157, 160, 161, 164, 173, 174, 223 (see also Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, human remains, religious properties, and ethnographic resources)

Safety (see health and safety)

Salvage (see archeological resources and data recovery)

Scope of collection statement 26-27, 33, 88, 98, 128, 132, 135, 140, 143, 146, 149, 156

Scoping and scopes of work 11, 17, 26, 27, 28, 32, 57, 58, 63, 71-72, 79, 82, 91, 98, 116, 117, 119, 126, 128, 163-164, 165, 170, 198, 203, 208, 211, 212, 215, 223 (see also planning, research design)

Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation (full text in Appendix C) 2, 3, 4, 19, 22, 28, 43, 44, 62, 63, 68, 98, 100, 101, 102, 119, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132

Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act compliance 17, 19, 21, 22, 32, 34, 36, 39, 41, 45, 53-65, 67, 70, 77, 78, 83, 89, 95, 96, 98, 114, 116, 120, 122, 124, 125-126, 128, 171, 172, 200

  Section 106 sample form 59

  36 CFR Part 800 45, 53, 56, 59, 63, 64

  programmatic agreements 56, 59, 61-62, 65

  NPS Servicewide Programmatic Agreement of 1995 45, 54, 59, 62-64, 65, 72, 127

  federal permits and 57

Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act 1, 21, 22, 27, 32, 39, 54-55, 62, 64, 67, 68-69, 89, 108, 114, 122, 197, 218

Security 14, 37, 47, 48, 80, 83, 102, 123, 125, 132, 135, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 155, 225 (see also health and safety and law enforcement)

Shipwrecks (see submerged cultural resources)

Signs and signage 36, 43, 85, 94, 97, 107, 161

Significance of resources 1, 5, 7, 9-10, 11, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 32, 34, 36, 37, 41, 42, 46, 47, 50, 54, 58, 60, 61, 62, 67-68, 70, 76, 77, 78, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 117, 119, 122, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 135, 143, 145, 149, 150, 152, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 168, 169, 173, 198, 199, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 229 (see also National Register of Historic Places and National Register criteria)

  categories of significance 115-116, 119, 121, 123, 125

Sites (see archeological resources, resource types, National Register, and cultural landscapes)

Social impact assessment 33, 167

Society for American Archaeology 21

Society of American Archivists 54, 155, 157

Society for Applied Anthropology 164

Special history study 26, 27 33

Special resource study 33, 94, 158, 170

Special use permit 57, 72, 107, 134, 170, 171

Specialists (see archeologist, historical architect, etc.)

Specimen plant management 103-104, 106, 107

Specimens (museum) (see museum objects, museum collections, and natural history collections)

Stabilization 2, 29, 44, 46, 48, 68, 69, 71, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 98-99, 100, 101, 102, 121, 127, 128-129, 130, 131, 151, 155, 202, 213, 221, 223, 225, 226, 227, 229 (see also preservation)

Staffing 2, 7, 14, 29, 30, 34, 48-49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 59, 62, 65, 68, 71, 72, 79, 83-84, 85, 96, 125, 126, 143, 144, 147, 148, 151, 152, 155, 159, 164, 165, 169, 171, 175, 211 (see also personnel, programming, and qualifications standards)

State Historic Preservation Officer 4, 7, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 30, 32, 34, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 69, 72, 77, 78, 79, 83, 108, 122, 197, 208, 218

Statement for management 33, 35, 40, 94, 147

Stewardship 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12-13, 14, 15, 41-52, 53, 65, 84-86, 87, 96-111, 127-136, 142, 150-156, 157, 170-176, 226-228

Structures (see historic and prehistoric structures)

Submerged cultural resources 48-49, 67, 68, 71, 77, 78

Subsistence 6, 9, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174 (see also plant collection)

Survey to identify cultural resources 3, 14, 19, 24, 25, 33, 36, 38, 50, 54, 58, 60, 62, 65, 69, 71, 74, 75, 76, 79, 83, 86, 89, 107, 111, 114, 136, 139, 144, 146, 147, 166, 167, 174, 176, 197-207, 208, 209, 210, 223, 229 (see also inventories, National Register, Section 106)

Sustainable use 7, 38, 87, 160-161, 169, 174

Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program 21, 68, 69, 73

Task directive 17, 19, 20, 21, 27, 63, 70, 92, 116, 117, 119, 165, 170 (see also scoping and research design)

Thematic Framework 22, 69

36 CFR Part 800 (see Section 106)

Traditional associations 9, 11, 25, 46, 61, 77, 88, 138, 157, 158, 161, 162, 166, 167, 170, 171, 176

Traditional community resource management plan 169

Traditional cultural properties 11, 19, 61, 157, 158, 174

Traditional religious practices/practitioners (see community cultural experts, offerings, religious properties, sacred sites, and traditional resource use)

Traditional resource use 6, 9, 38, 77, 87, 88, 103, 104, 108, 157, 158-161, 162, 163, 166, 168, 169, 171, 173, 174, 176 (see also plant collection, sacred sites, subsistence, and oral traditions)

Traditional use study 26, 33, 161, 166, 167, 168, 174, 176

Traditional users/traditional user groups (see traditionally associated groups)

Traditionally associated groups 2, 6, 11, 19, 23, 25, 38, 46, 61, 77, 88, 104, 138, 157, 158-161, 162, 163, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176

Trails 26, 32, 42, 43, 95, 109, 158, 161, 174

Training 7, 20, 47, 49, 52, 56, 65, 84, 85, 87, 113, 127, 175, 208, 211, 224, 228 (see also education, qualifications standards)

Treasure trove 71

Treatment of cultural resources 1-2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17, 22, 23, 28, 31, 34, 39, 41, 43, 59-62, 68, 69, 70, 73, 76, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94-106, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116-119, 120-133, 135, 136, 138, 141, 142, 145, 148, 150, 151, 155, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 168, 169, 173-174, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213-214, 215, 216, 218, 221, 222-223, 225, 226-228

  ultimate 1-2, 31, 34, 117, 120, 121-122, 127

Tribal lands 47

Undertakings (see Section 106)

Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (see handicapped accessibility)

Uses of cultural resources (see specific activities, individual resource types, adaptive use, research, etc.)

Vandalism (see law enforcement)

Vegetation systems management 12, 36, 41, 85, 87, 90, 95, 103-105, 107, 108, 110, 229 (see also plant collecting and traditional resource use)

Vernacular landscape (see historic vernacular landscape)

Visitors (park) 1, 7, 15, 38, 41-43, 46, 59, 80, 83, 96, 97, 110, 122-123, 124, 134, 137, 158, 169, 174 (see also interpretation and traditional resource use)

Wayside exhibits 36, 94 (see also signs)

World Heritage List 24

XXX form-- now model format Assessment of Actions Having an Effect on Cultural Resources form or 106 form (see Section 106 compliance)