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SHENANDOAH National Park |
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Appendix (continued)
Herbaceous Flowering Plants
The following list, provided by Charles E. Stevens, consists of 201 of the more common and/or interesting herbaceous flowering plants of the park. Most common and all scientific names follow Gray's Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, 8th Edition, 1950.
Habitat symbols: 1 oak, oak-hickory forest; 2 cove hardwoods; 3 hemlock, hemlock-white pine groves; 4 oak-pine forest; 5 birch-maple forest; 6 wooded streams, stream margins, boggy places; 7 fields, road shoulders; 8 shrubby abandoned fields; 9 shrub swamp; 10 open cliffs, rock outcrops; 11 shaded cliffs, rock outcrops
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Habitats |
| Brome-grass | Bromus purgans | 1, 2, 11 |
| Orchard-grass | Dactylis glomerata | 7 |
| Poverty-grass | Danthonia spicata | 1, 7, 8, 10 |
| Bottle-brush Grass | Hystrix patula | 1, 5, 11 |
| Wiregrass | Poa compressa | 1, 7, 8, 10 |
| Wiregrass | P. cuspidata | 1, 2, 11 |
| Sedge | Carex aestivalis | 5, 11 |
| Sedge | C. pensylvanica | 1, 5, 7, 10, 11 |
| Sedge | C. platyphylla | 1, 2, 3, 11 |
| Sedge | C. torta | 6 |
| Bulrush | Scirpus cyperinus | 6, 9 |
| Jack-in-the-Pulpit | Arisaema triphyllum | 2 |
| Skunk-cabbage | Symplocarpus foetidus | 6, 9 |
| Virginia Spiderwort | Tradescantia virginiana | 5, 11 |
| Wild Onion | Allium cernuum | 10, 11 |
| Fly-poison | Amianthium muscaetoxicum | 1, 4, 11 |
| Bluebead-lily | Clintonia borealis | 5 |
| Speckled Wood-lily | C. umbellulata | 3, 5, 11 |
| Yellow Adder's-tongue | Erythronium americanum | 2 |
| Turk's-cap Lily | Lilium superbum | 2, 6, 11 |
| Wild Lily-of-the-valley | Maianthemum canadense | 3, 5, 11 |
| Indian Cucumber-root | Medeola virginiana | 1, 2, 3 |
| Bunchflower | Melanthium parviflorum | 2, 3, 5 |
| Solomon's-seal | Polygonatum biflorum | 1, 2, 11 |
| False Spikenard | Smilacina racemosa | 1, 2, 11 |
| Sawbrier | Smilax glauca | 1, 6, 8 |
| Featherbells | Stenanthium gramineum | 1, 4, 11 |
| Erect Trillium | Trillium erectum | 2, 3, 5 |
| Large-flowered Trillium | T. grandiflorum | 2, 5 |
| Painted Trillium | T. undulatum | 3 |
| Perfoliate Bellwort | Uvularia perfoliata | 2 |
| Sessile Bellwort | U. sessilifolia | 1, 2 |
| White Hellebore | Veratrum viride | 6, 9 |
| Turkeybeard | Xerophyllum asphodeloides | 4 |
| Yam | Dioscorea quaternata | 1, 2, 3 |
| Hairy Stargrass | Hypoxis hirsuta | 1, 8 |
| Dwarf Iris | Iris verna | 1, 4 |
| Narrow-leaved Blue-eyed Grass | Sisyrinchium angustifolium | 1, 8 |
| Putty-root | Aplectrum hyemale | 2 |
| Spotted Coral-root | Corallorhiza maculata | 1, 2, 3 |
| Late Coral-root | C. odontorhiza | 1, 2, 3 |
| Stemless Lady's-slipper | Cypripedium acaule | 1, 3, 4 |
| Yellow Lady's-slipper | C. calceolus | 1, 2 |
| Downy Rattlesnake-plantain | Goodyera pubescens | 1, 2, 3 |
| Green Woodland Orchis | Habenaria clavellata | 6 |
| Small Purple-fringed Orchis | H. psycodes | 6 |
| Whorled Pogonia | Isotria verticillata | 1, 4 |
| Lily-leaved Twayblade | Liparis lilifolia | 1 |
| Showy Orchis | Orchis spectabilis | 2 |
| Nodding Ladies'-tresses | Spiranthes cernua | 6, 8 |
| Canada Wild Ginger | Asarum canadense | 2 |
| Virginia Heartleaf | A. virginicum | 1 |
| Deptford Pink | Dianthus armeria | 7, 8 |
| White Campion | Lynchnis alba | 7, 8 |
| Bouncing-bet | Saponaria officinalis | 7, 8 |
| Carolina Catchfly | Silene caroliniana | 10 |
| Starry Campion | S. stellata | 1, 2, 11 |
| Great Chickweed | Stellaria pubera | 1, 2, 3, 11 |
| Spring-beauty | Claytonia virginica | 2 |
| White Baneberry | Actaea pachypoda | 2, 3 |
| Wood Anemone | Anemone quinnquefolia | 2, 6 |
| Thimbleweed | A. virginiana | 1, 8 |
| Rue Anemone | Anemonella thalictroides | 1, 2, 3 |
| Wild Columbine | Aquilegia canadensis | 1, 11 |
| Marsh-marigold | Caltha palustris | 6, 9 |
| Black Snakeroot | Cimicifuga racemosa | 1, 2 |
| Virgin's-bower | Clematis virginiana | 1, 8 |
| Round-lobed Liverleaf | Hepatica americana | 1, 2, 3 |
| Kidneyleaf Buttercup | Ranunculus abortivus | 1, 6 |
| Bulbous Buttercup | R. bulbosus | 7 |
| Early Meadow-rue | Thalictrum dloicum | 1, 2, 6 |
| Blue Cohosh | Caulophyllum thalictroides | 2 |
| May-apple | Podophyllum peltatum | 1, 2 |
| Poppy | Papaver dubium | 7 |
| Bloodroot | Sanguinaria canadensis | 1, 2 |
| Pale Corydalis | Corydalis sempervirens | 10 |
| Dutchman's-breeches | Dicentra cucullaria | 2 |
| Turkey-corn | D. eximia | 11 |
| Rock-cress | Arabins laevigata | 1, 2, 10, 11 |
| Early Winter-cress | Barbarea vera | 7, 8 |
| Shepherd's Purse | Capsella bursa-pastoris | 7, 8 |
| Bitter Cress | Cardamine hirsuta | 7, 8 |
| Cutleaf Toothwort | Dentaria laciniata | 1, 2, 3 |
| Cow-cress | Lepidium cam pestre | 7, 8 |
| Field Penny-cress | Thlaspi arvense | 7, 8 |
| Stonecrop | Sedum ternatum | 1, 2, 11 |
| Allegheny Stonecrop | S. telephioides | 10 |
| Alumroot | Heuchera americana | 10, 11 |
| Miterwort | Mitella diphylla | 2, 6 |
| Michaux's Saxifrage | Saxifraga michauxii | 10 |
| Lettuce Saxifrage | S. micranthindifolia | 6 |
| Early Saxifrage | S. virginiensis | 10, 11 |
| Goat's-beard | Aruncus dioicus | 1, 2, 5, 11 |
| Wild Strawberry | Fragaria virginiana | 7, 8 |
| Bowman's-root | Gillenia trifoliata | 1 |
| Wild Indigo | Baptisia tinctoria | 4 |
| Wild Sensitive Plant | Cassia nictitans | 7, 8 |
| Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil | Desmodium nudiflorum | 1 |
| Wild Lupine | Lupinus perennis | 1 |
| Goat's-rue | Tephrosia virginiana | 1, 4 |
| Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 7 |
| Wood-vetch | Vicia caroliniana | 1, 8 |
| Common Wood-sorrel | Oxalis montana | 3 |
| Violet Wood-sorrel | O. violacea | 1, 2 |
| Carolina Wild Geranium | Geranium carolininanum | 7, 8 |
| Wild Geranium | G. maculatum | 1, 2 |
| Flowering Spurge | Euphorbia corollata | 8, 10 |
| Climbing Bittersweet | Celastrus scandens | 8 |
| Spotted Touch-me-not | Impatiens capensis | 1, 2, 3, 6 |
| Virginia Creeper | Parthenocissus quinnquefolia | 1, 8, 10 |
| Canada Violet | Viola canadensis | 2 |
| Marsh Blue Violet | V. cucullata | 6 |
| Northern Downy Violet | V. fimbriatula | 7, 8 |
| Field-pansy | V. kitaebeliana | 7, 8 |
| Common Blue Violet | V. papilionacea | 1, 2, 7, 8 |
| Birdfoot Violet | V. pedata | 1, 4 |
| Smooth Yellow Violet | V. pensylvanica | 1, 2 |
| Fireweed | Epilobium angustifolium | 8, 10 |
| Evening-primrose | Oenothera biennis | 7, 8 |
| Wild Sarsaparilla | Aralia nuducaulis | 1, 3, 4, 5 |
| Spotted Cowbane | Cicuta maculata | 6, 9 |
| Lovage | Ligusticum canadense | 1, 2, 3 |
| Sweet Cicely | Osmorhiza claytoni | 2 |
| Black Snakeroot | Sanicula canadensis | 1, 2 |
| Meadow-parsnip | Thaspium barbinode | 1 |
| Meadow-parsnip | T. trifoliatum | 1 |
| Spotted Wintergreen | Chimaphila maculata | 1, 3, 4 |
| Trailing Arbutus | Epigaea repens | 1, 4 |
| Teaberry | Gaultheria procumbens | 1, 4 |
| Whorled Loosestrife | Lysimachia quadrifolia | 1, 3, 4 |
| Star-flower | Trientalis borealis | 3, 5 |
| Stiff Gentian | Gentiana quinquefolia | 7, 8 |
| Pennywort | Obolaria virginica | 2 |
| Indian Hemp | Apocynum cannabinum | 7, 8 |
| Butterfly-weed | Asclepias tuberosa | 7, 8, 10 |
| Moss-phlox | Phlox subulata | 10 |
| Waterleaf | Hydrophyllum virginianum | 1, 2 |
| Viper's Bugloss | Echium vulgare | 7, 8 |
| Horse-balm | Collinsonia canadensis | 2, 6 |
| Wild Bergamot | Monarda fistulosa | 7, 8 |
| Mountain-mint | Pycnanthemum incanum | 1, 8 |
| Skullcap | Scutellaria integrifolia | 2 |
| White Turtlehead | Chelone glabra | 6 |
| Smooth Gerardia | Gerardia laevigata | 1, 3 |
| Butter-and-eggs | Linaria vulgaris | 7, 8 |
| Cow-wheat | Melampyrum lineare | 4 |
| Common Lousewort | Pedicularis canadensis | 1, 3, 8 |
| Beard-tongue | Penstemon canescens | 8, 10 |
| Hairy Beard-tongue | P. hirsutus | 8, 10 |
| Figwort | Scrophularia marilandica | 1, 2, 8 |
| Common Speedwell | Veronica officinalis | 1, 7, 8 |
| Cleavers | Galium aparine | 1, 2, 8 |
| Broad-leaved Bedstraw | G. latifolium | 1 |
| Bluets | Houstonia caerulea | 1, 3, 8 |
| Long-leaved Bluets | H. longifolia | 1, 9 |
| Partridge-berry | Mitchella repens | 1, 3, 11 |
| Japanese Honeysuckle | Lonicera japonica | 1, 2, 8 |
| Southern Harebell | Campanula divaricata | 1, 5, 10, 11 |
| Venus's Looking-glass | Specularia perfoliata | 7, 8 |
| Cardinal-flower | Lobelia cardinalis | 6 |
| Common Yarrow | Achillea millefolium | 7, 8 |
| Wing-stem | Actinomeris alternifolia | 6, 8 |
| Common Ragweed | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | 7, 8 |
| Plantain-leaved Pussy's-toes | Antennaria plantaginifolia | 7, 8, 10 |
| Whorled Wood Aster | Aster acuminnatus | 3, 5, 6 |
| White Wood Aster | A. divaricatus | 1, 2, 3, 5, 11 |
| Smooth Aster | A. laevis | 1 |
| Late Purple Aster | A. patens | 1, 7, 8 |
| Spanish Needles | Bidens bipinnnata | 8 |
| Spotted Star-thistle | Centaurea maculosa | 7, 8 |
| Chrysogonum | Chrysogonum virginianum | 1 |
| Whorled Coreopsis | Coreopsis verticillata | 1, 4, 10 |
| Pilewort | Erechtites hieracifolia | 1, 7, 8 |
| Horseweed | Erigeron canadensis | 7, 8 |
| Joe-pye-weed | Eupatorium fistulosum | 6 |
| Boneset | E. perfoliatum | 6, 9 |
| Purple Joe-pye weed | E. purpureum | 1, 2 |
| White Snakeroot | E. rugosum | 1, 2, 8 |
| Catfoot | Gnaphalium obtusifolium | 7, 8 |
| Woodland Sunflower | Helianthus divaricatus | 8, 10 |
| Ox-eye | Heliopsis helianthoides | 1, 2, 8 |
| Rattlesnake-weed | Hieracium venosum | 1, 4 |
| Wild Lettuce | Lactuca canadensis | 1, 8 |
| Blazing-star | Liatris graminifolia | 7, 8, 10 |
| Wild Quinine | Parthenium integrifolium | 7, 8, 10 |
| Small-flowered Leafcup | Polymnia canadensis | 2, 11 |
| White Lettuce | Prenanthes alba | 1 |
| Black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckia hirta | 7, 8 |
| Cutleaf Coneflower | R. laciniata | 6 |
| Ox-eye-daisy | Chrysanthemum leucanthemum | 7, 8 |
| Golden Ragwort | Senecio aureus | 6 |
| Smalls' Ragwort | S. smallii | 7, 8, 11 |
| White-topped Aster | Sericocarpus asteroides | 1, 4 |
| Tall Goldenrod | Solidago altissima | 7, 8 |
| White Goldenrod | S. bicolor | 1, 8 |
| Blue-stemmed Goldenrod | S. caesia | 1, 2, 3 |
| Erect Goldenrod | S. erecta | 1, 8 |
| Downy Goldenrod | S. puberula | 1, 8 |
| Rough-stemmed Goldenrod | S. rugosa | 8 |
| Common Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 7 |
| New York Ironweed | Vernonia noveboracensis | 6 |
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Last Modified: Sat, Nov 4 2006 10:00:00 pm PST |
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