Jean Lafitte Historic Resource Study (Chalmette Unit)

1. Jerome A. Greene, The Defense of New Orleans, 1718-1900 (Denver: National Park Service, 1892), pp. 136, 139-41.

2. "Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry, Assembled at Jackson, Miss.," The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (73 vols., 128 parts. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901) Series I, Vol. VI, p. 560.

3. Testimony of Major General M.L. Smith, April 22, 1863. War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. VI, 582.

4. Ibid., p. 585. According to Smith's testimony, "a large brick fire-proof magazine [was] erected below the city and inclosed with substantial walls, with a railroad leading from it to the river...." Ibid.

5. "Chalmette Lines, Left Bank." NA, Cartographic Archives Division, Drawer 133, Sheet 67-1/2.

6. Lovell to Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin, December 5, 1861, in Confederate States of America. Correspondence Between the War Department and General Lovell, Relating to the Defences of New Orleans (Richmond: R.M. Smith, 1863), p. 19.

7. "Report of Brigadier General M. L. Smith," May 6, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, Series I, Volume VI, 553.

8. Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial History of the Civil War in the United States of America (2 vols.; Hartford: Thomas Belknap, Publishers, 1874), I, p. 323. These volunteers under Brigadier General Buisson marched forward to Chalmette accompanied by the airs of bandsmen. They apparently remained at that place to assist the Confederate occupants. Historical Sketch and Guide to New Orleans, p. 179.

9. "Report of Facts" in Record of Court of Inquiry of Major General Mansfied Lovell, 1863. War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. VI, 640.

10. Lossing, Pictorial History of the Civil War, I, 323; Alfred T. Mahan, The Gulf and Inland Waters. The Navy in the Civil War. Vol. III (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1883), p. 85; "Report of Commander S. Phillips Lee, U.S.S. 'Oneida,'" April 25, 1862, in David D. Porter, The Naval History of the Civil War (New York: Sherman Publishing Company, 1886), p. 205.

11. "Report of Captain Thomas T. Craven, U. S. S. 'Brooklyn,'" April 26, 1862, in ibid., p. 203. For details of Cayuga's maneuvering during the affair, see "Report of Lieutenant Commander N. B. Harrison, U. S. Gunboat 'Cayuga,'" April 25, 1862, in ibid.

12. "Report of Commander John DeCamp, U.S.S. 'Iroquois,'" May 3, 1862, in ibid., p. 208.

13. Ibid.

14. "Report of Brigadier General M. L. Smith," May 6, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. VI, 553; Testimony of Major General Smith, April 23, 1863, in ibid., p. 585.

15. "Report of Brigadier General M.L. Smith," May 6, 1862, in ibid., p. 553.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid.

18. Testimony of Major General Smith, April 23, 1863, in ibid., p. 585; "Report of Facts" in Record of Court of Inquiry of Major General Mansfield Lovell, 1863, in ibid., p. 641. See also Confederate States of America, Correspondence Between [sic] the President, War Department and Governor T.O. Moore, relating to the Defences of New Orleans (Richmond: R.M. Smith, 1863), p. 116. On April 30, 1862, Lovell had written: "I hear ridiculous stories about the fall of New Orleans.... We fired our last round of powder at Chalmette, but they had a ship for each of our guns and we were overpowered by main strength." War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. VIII, 804. An attempt was made on April 28 to retrieve articles left behind at Chalmette, but little remained by the time Confederate work parties arrived. Ibid., p. 818.

19. Special Orders No. 13, Headquarters Department of the Gulf, January 13, 1863. War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. XV, 646.

20. For location of the Union fortifications, see Department of the Gulf Map No. 5, "Approaches to New Orleans," February 14, 1863. Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1891-95).

21. War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. 26, Part I, 677.

22. "Chalmette Lines. Left Bank." Dated February 17, 1864. National Archives, Cartographic Archives Division. Drawer 133, Sheet 67-1/2.

23. Major D. C. Houston to Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, June 4, 1864. War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. 34, Part 4, p. 214.

24. Enumeration of troops stationed in the Department of the Gulf, June 9, 1864. Ibid., p. 278.

25. Roster of Department of the Gulf, August 31, 1964, commanded by Major General E. R. S. Canby. Ibid., Series I, Vol. 41, Part 2, p. 972.

26. Ibid., Part 4, p. 848.

27. General Orders No. 1, Headquarters Sixteenth Army Corps, February 22, 1865. Ibid., Vol. 48, Part I, p. 942. General Orders No. 16, Headquarters First Division, 16th Army Corps, February 22, 1865. Ibid.; Special Orders No. 61, Headquarters Southern Division of Louisiana, February 22, 1865. Ibid., p. 943. For staff officer assignments to Headquarters, Sixteenth Army Corps, see General Orders No. 2 in ibid., p. 955.

28. Major John Hough to Brigadier General John McArthur, et al., February 23, 1865, in ibid.

29. McArthur to Commanding Officer First Brigade, February 27, 1865, in ibid., p. 991; Special Orders No. 43, Headquarters First Division, 16th Army Corps, February 27, 1865, in ibid.

30. McArthur to Hough, February 24, 1865, in ibid., pp. 963-64.

31. Hurlbut to Lieutenant Colonel Christian T. Christensen, March 16, 1865. Ibid., p. 1191.

32. Sherman to Colonel Samuel B. Holabird, April 28, 1865. Ibid., Part 2, pp. 230-31.

33. Colonel Charles G. Sawtelle to Major General Montgomery C. Meigs, December 13, 1865. Ibid., Vol. LIII, p. 607.

34. Special Orders No. 198. Headquarters Southern Division of Louisiana, June 26, 1865. Ibid., Vol. 48, Part 2, p. 995. The "Camp Chalmette Fortifications" appear graphically in "New Plan of the City and Environs of New Orleans, Jefferson and Carrollton," 1865. Map Division, Library of Congress.

35. No troops were present at Chalmette in 1866 or during the immediate years subsequent. Instead, small complements were retained at nearby Jackson Barracks and at Department of the Gulf headquarters in New Orleans. Report of the Secretary of War, 1867 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1867), pp. 472-73; Report of the Secretary of War, 1868 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1868, pp. 203, 758; Report of the Secretary of War, 1869 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 18697, p. 160.

36. "Mississippi River immediate vicinity above and below New Orleans." Ca. 1864-65. National Archives, Record Group 77. Cartographic Archives Division, Z 336; W. E. Pedrick, New Orleans As It Is (Cleveland: William W. Williams, 1885), p. 15.

37. "Present Day Scenes on Famous Field of the Battle of New Orleans." Undated, unidentified newspaper, ca. 1905, showing "Military entrenchments on battlefield of New Orleans just below national cemetery." Battle of New Orleans Scrapbook, Louisiana State Museum Library, p. 1.

38. National Archives. Cartographic Archives Division. Record Group 373. Records of the Defense Intelligence Agency. Spot 5A-930, Exp. 55, April 20, 1943.

39. Ibid., Spot F-10933, Exp. 107, May 31, 1951; ibid., Spot C-8381, Exp. 23 (M-83), Jan. 6, 1954; Louisiana Air National Guard Photo 10-10-009. Chalmette Unit of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park.