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AileronA control surface set into or near the trailing edge of an airplane wing, extending, when in the wing, toward the tip and usually within the contour of the wing, and used to control the longitudinal axis of an airplane. AirborneOf an airplane or other winged craft: Supported entirely by aerodynamic forces; flying. AirfoilA surface or body, as a wing, propeller blade, rudder, or the like, especially designed to obtain a reaction, as lift or thrust, from the air through which it moves. Angle of attackThe acute angle between the chord of an airfoil, and a line representing the undisturbed relative airflow. Any other acute angle between two reference lines designating the cant of an airfoil relative to oncoming air. Aspect ratioThe ratio between the span of an airfoil and its chord. CamberThe curve of an airfoil section from the leading edge to the trailing edge. Camber is usually expressed as the distance from the chord line to the upper or lower surface of an airfoil. Center-of-pressure travelThe movement, or the amount of movement, of the center of pressure along a chord of an airfoil as the latter is inclined through its normal angles of attack. ChordAn assumed straight-line tangent to the lower surface of an airfoil section at two points, or a straight line between the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil section, or between the ends of the mean line of an airfoil section; the distance between the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil section. DragA resistant force exerted in a direction opposite to the direction of motion and parallel to the relative gas or air stream. Dynamic liftThe lift given an airplane by the aerodynamic force produced from an adequately designed airfoil. GliderA fixed-wing aircraft having no power plant and constructed so as to glide and soar. GlidingThe art, science, and activity of moving through the air in a glider. Heavier-than-air aircraftAny aircraft weighing more than the air it displaces. LiftThat component of the total aerodynamic forces acting on an airfoil or on an entire aircraft or winged missile, perpendicular to the relative wind, and exerted, normally, in an upward direction opposing the pull of gravity. Lighter-than-air aircraftAn aircraft that rises and is supported in air by virtue of a contained gas weighing less than the air displaced by the gas. Nose diveA steep dive by, or in, an aircraft. Power plantThe complete engine or engines in an aircraft, together with propeller or propellers (if any), accessories, fuel and oil tanks and lines, etc. Powered aircraftAn aircraft having one or more engines, as distinguished from a glider. TailspinA spin, so named in reference to the characteristic spiral action of the tail when the airplane is in a spin. WarpTo change the shape of something, especially an airplane's wing, by twisting. To give lift or drop to a wing by twisting it at the ends. Wind tunnelA chamber through which air is forced at controlled velocities, up to several thousand miles an hour, and in which airfoils, airplanes, missiles, scale models of airplanes, or other objects are mounted in order to observe and study the airflow about such objects, as well as the aerodynamic effects upon them. WingspanThe span of a wing, measured or taken between the tips or outermost extremities of either a single-piece wing or a wing that is separated by other aircraft components. Wing-warpingThe action of warping a wing, or a control system for warping the wings at will. YawAn angular displacement or motion to the left or right about the vertical axis of an airplane.
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