—the English, meaning employees of the Hudson's Bay Company, from either Great Britain or Canada.

—top man in a canoe, who stood in the bow. Also seen as devant and ducent.

—a bastard canoe, larger than the North canoe but smaller than the Montreal canoe

—half-breeds, offspring from Indian mothers and white fathers.

—a kind of currency issued by the North West Company to its employees.

—steersman of a canoe.

—the bigger canoes, 35-40' long, for lake transport, weighed about 600 lbs. Also called Montreal canoes. Usually had a crew of 8. Three of four of these canoes made a brigade. Such a canoe carried 60 pieces of 90-100 lbs. each, 1,000lbs. of provisions, 8 men, and 8 bags of 40 lbs. each, a total of 4 tons. Sir Alexander Mackenzie described the contents of one such canoe: 8-10 men, plus their luggage

65 pieces
600 lbs. biscuit
200 lbs. pork
3 bu. peas
2 oilcloths for cover
1 sail
1 ax
1 towing line
1 kettle
1 sponge (for bailing)
gum
bark
waterage
(the last 3 itmes are for repairs.)

—the canoes used west of Grand Portage, the North canoes. About 25 feet long.

—the bright sash worn by a voyageur

—clerk

—to tow a canoe with a rope or cable

—a runner of the woods, an independent and usually illegal operator in the fur trade during the French régime.

—a place where a canoe and part of its load were towed rather than carried, not quite a portage. This word was also applied to the starting place of a portage.

—to go ashore to wait out a storm

—traversing rough water by unloading half the canoe and making two trips over the rough place. See decharge also.

—an employee, a voyageur

—the employee's contract

—canoe course

—the steersman in the stern of a canoe. Steers with a sweep paddle.

—Ottawa River

—person in charge of a brigade of canoes.

—a suit of clothes

—a storehouse for merchandise

—height of land. The high land, full of small lakes, that occupies the region between the drainage of Pigeon River, flowing eastward, and the drainage of the Rainy River, flowing westward.

—wintering partners at the interior posts

—voyageurs who had been to the interior.

—free men, not under contract

—pork eaters, voyageurs from Montreal who did not go beyond Grand Portage. They could not wear a plume in their hats as did the hommes du nord.

—common voyageurs, the middle men of a canoe.

—the northwest country

—a package, weighing about 90 pounds, designed for the portages.

—1. a set pace when portaging, 2. a resting place, 3. the distance between two resting places.

—beaded bag, carried by a voyageur

—alcohol, or "high wine," diluted to suit an Indian's stomach. Generally a gill or two of alcohol plus enough water to make one quart.

—a thread made of stringy roots of various coniferous trees, used for sewing bark in canoe manufacture.