Washington Department of Natural Resources Bulletin No. 62 Foraminifera, Stratigraphy, and Paleoecology of the Quinault Formation, Point Grenville-Raft River Coastal Area, Washington

GENERAL STATEMENT

Previous studies in connection with Foraminifera of the Quinault Formation are largely confined to the work of Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949), in which they systematically discussed and illustrated 23 species from two samples. Their material came from a location described as the S1/2 sec. 12, T. 21. N., R. 13 W. This location is in an area of isolated outcrops between the sections north of Point Grenville and south of Taholah (see Fig. 2, p. 6) of the present report. The only other reference to Foraminifera of the Quinault Formation was made by Ingle in 1937. Using data on planktonic Foraminifera that was recorded in a Ph. D. dissertation by Fowler (1965) on the Montesano Formation, Ingle presented evidence that he believes suggests a noticeable temperature change during the deposition of the Quinault Formation.

In the present report, 57 species are illustrated and discussed from 101 localities in four measured sections, and in nearby isolated outcrops exposed along the coast from Point Grenville to approximately 1 mile north of the mouth of the Raft River (Fig. 1, p. 2). Generally, Foraminifera were found distributed rather uniformly, in numbers of individuals as well as numbers of species, throughout the beds, excepting those of the Cape Elizabeth section (checklist). Only eight species were found in samples from seven localities of the latter section, although collections were made from many more localities in this well-defined and continuous section. The largest assemblages, in terms of individuals, probably came most consistently from the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section and nearby isolated outcrops. Furthermore, samples from these beds were consistently fossiliferous.

Variations are present in each of the 101 assemblages of this report, in the species they contain, the abundance of each species, or a combination of the two. These variations are shown in the checklist, where comparisons can be made of each assemblage. Further discussion of faunal composition is made under sections on Age and Correlation and on Paleoecology.

SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION

Synonymies are not necessarily complete, but usually the original reference is cited together with either a complete synonymy or a citation to a reference in which the synonymy is more nearly complete.

The classification followed is of Cushman (1950), with minor modifications. Identifications are based largely on descriptions and illustrations from the literature, but many comparisons have been made with various type materials. Although identifications are conclusions of the author, it has been the attempt to also incorporate the thinking and opinions of other micropaleontologists in both academic and commercial fields.

Family VERNEUILINIDAE
Genus Gaudryina d'Orbigny, 1839
Gaudryina pliocenica Cushman and R. E. and K. C. Stewart
Plate 1, figure 1

Gaudryina pliocertica CUSHMAN and R. E. and K. C. STEWART, 1949, p. 150, pl. 17, fig. 2.

This species is rare in the present collection and is confined to a few samples from the section south of Taholah and nearby isolated outcrops.

Gaudryina pliocenica was originally described from the Quinault Formation by Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949) from a locality between the sections south of Taholah and north of Point Grenville.

Length of figured specimen, 11.5 mm; width, 0.48 mm; breadth, 0.46 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1001), from locality Q-15.

Family MILIOLIDAE
Genus Quinqueloculina d'Orbigny, 1826
Quinqueloculina cf. Q. akneriana d'Orbigny
Plate 1, figure 2

Quinqueloculina akneriana D'ORBIGNY, 1846, p. 290, pl. 18, figs. 16-21; GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 38, pl. 7, fig. 3; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 7.

Specimens tentatively referred to this species are found in small numbers throughout most of the sections. They display considerable variation in form, particularly in their breadth-length ratio and the amount of chamber inflation.

Q. akneriana d'Orbigny is recorded from a number of late Tertiary and Recent deposits on the west coast, mainly in California and Oregon.

Length of figured specimen, 0.75 mm; breadth, 0.56 mm; thickness, 0.40 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1002), from locality Q-65.

Genus Pyrgo, Defrance, 1824
Pyrgo spp.
Plate 1, figure 3

More than one species of Pyrgo may be represented by a few poorly preserved specimens from several localities. The best preserved specimen is figured here.

Length of figured specimen, 0.35 mm; breadth, 0.27 mm; thickness, 0.25 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1003), from locality Q-20.

Family LAGENIDAE
Genus Dentalina d'Orbigny, 1826
Dentalina cf. D. baggi Galloway and Wissler
Plate 1, figure 5

?Dentalina baggi GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 14, 15.

Dentalina are extremely rare in the present collections and are limited to a few isolated localities in the landslide area between the section south of Taholah and the section north of Point Grenville. One form seems similar to D. baggi Galloway and Wissler, known from the Pliocene of California, the late Tertiary of Oregon, and the Recent of the Gulf of Alaska and the Arctic. Locally it is tentatively recorded from the Montesano Formation of Washington.

The present specimen differs from those of Galloway and Wissler in that the chambers are less inflated. Some of the sutures are nearly flush with the surface of the test.

Length of figured specimen (fragmentary), 1.50 mm; diameter, 0.38 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1004), from locality Q-15.

Dentalina cf. D. decepta (Bagg)
Plate 1, figure 6

?Nodosaria decepta BAGG, 1912, p. 55, pl. 16, fig. 1.

?Dentalina decepta (Bagg) GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 14, 15.

Rare in only one sample are specimens similar in shape to Bagg's form. However, no costae are present on the early part of the test.

Dentalina decepta is known from the Plio-Pleistocene of California and from the Pliocene to Recent of Japan and the Recent of the Gulf of Alaska.

Length of figured specimen (fragmentary), 1.18 mm; diameter, 0.19 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1005), from locality Q-18.

Dentalina? sp.
Plate 1, figure 4

A very few fragmented specimens from two localities may be Dentalina. The chambers are inflated and globular, and the sutures are strongly depressed. They appear similar to those of Bagg (1912) and others figured as Dentalina soluta Reuss. All specimens are without the final or apertural chamber, and therefore it is not possible to be certain of their generic placement.

Length of figured specimen (fragmentary), 0.78 mm; breadth, 0.32 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1006), from locality Q-18.

Genus Lagena Walker and Jacob, 1798
Lagena dentaliniformis Bagg
Plate 1, figure 8

Lagena dentalirtiformis BAGG, 1912, p. 45, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 21, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11.

This extremely rare form is typically curved. Some have a noticeable indentation in the central part of the test, as shown on one specimen figured by Bagg.

The only known record of this form is from Plio-Pleistocene deposits at Timms Point, California.

Length of figured specimen, 0.96 mm; diameter, 0.16 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1007), from locality Q-47.

Lagena pliocenica timmsana Cushman and Gray
Plate 1, figure 7

Lagena pliocenica timmsana CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946a, p. 68, pl. 12, figs. 15-17; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 43, 44.

A few specimens from scattered localities seem identical to those figured by Cushman and Gray as Lagena pliocenica timmsana. They differ from the typical form of Lagena pliocenica in that the test is more globular and the base is rounded. A few specimens display slightly twisted costae, as shown by Cushman and Gray (1946a) in their Figure 15.

The original reference from the Timms Point material of California is the only other known record of the subspecies, although specimens from the Gulf of Alaska (Todd and Low, 1967) are similar to this form.

Lagena pliocenica [sensu lato] is recorded from Puget Sound and is also known from the Pliocene and Recent along the west coast of North America and in Japan (Todd and Low, 1967).

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.27 mm; length, 0.42 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1008), from locality Q-56.

Lagena substriata Williamson
Plate 1, figure 9

Lagena substriata WILLIAMSON, 1848, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 12, CUSHMAN, 1929, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 4; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1930, p. 57, pl. 3, fig. 9; CUSHMAN and LAIMING, 1931, p. 100, pl. 11, fig. 1; CUSHMAN, 1944, p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 8.

Lagena striata (d'Orbigny) CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 51-54.

(For additional references see Ellis and Messina, 1940-70.) This species is very rare, occurring in only a few samples. It was originally recorded from off the British Isles. Numerous additional records are from both the Tertiary and Recent, occurring in the Miocene of Florida and California, the Plio-Pleistocene of California, and the Recent off California.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.26 mm; length, 0.40 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1009), from locality Q-26.

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE
Genus Glandulina d'Orbigny, 1826
Glandulina laevigata d'Orbigny
Plate 1, figure 10

Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata D'ORBIGNY, 1826, p. 252, pl. 10, figs. 1-3.

Glandulina laevigata d'Orbigny, MARTIN, 1952, p. 118, pl. 17, fig. 3; WHITE, 1956, p. 246, pl. 27, figs. 4, 5.

Pseudo glandulina laevigata (d'Orbigny), CUSHMAN, STEWART and STEWART, 1949, p. 151, pl. 17, fig. 4.

(For additional references see Martin, 1952.)

This widely recorded form is rare in a few isolated localities. Its occurrence in the Quinault Formation was first noted by Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949). It is well known in the upper Tertiary of the west coast and the Recent of the Pacific, Arctic, and the Atlantic Oceans.

Length of figured specimen, 0.58 mm; thickness, 0.34 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1010), from locality Q-19.

Genus Polymorphina d'Orbigny, 1826
Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman
Plate 1, figure 12

Polymorphina charlottensis CUSHMAN, 1925a, p. 41, pl. 6, fig. 9; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1930, p. 59, pl. 4, fig. 6; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 25, pl. 4, figs. 30, 31; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 11; TODD and LOW, 1967, p. A25, pl. 3, fig. 13.

(For additional references see Cushman and Gray, 1946b.) This form occurs in only a very few samples, mostly

from the section north of Point Grenville. It was originally described from dredgings from 25 fathoms in Queen Charlotte Sound off British Columbia and has since been recorded from numerous localities, largely from the Recent of the northern Pacific Ocean and upper Tertiary of the west coast.

Because Recent records of this form are largely from shallow depths at northern latitudes, shallow, cool-water conditions of deposition are suggested.

Length of figured specimen, 1.34 mm; breadth, 0.46 mm; thickness, 0.27 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1011), from locality Q-8.

Family NONIONIDAE
Genus Nonion Montfort, 1808
Nonion depressulum matagordanum Kornfeld
Plate 1, figure 13

Nonion depressulum matagordanum KORNFELD, 1931, p. 87, pl. 13, fig. 2; CUSHMAN, 1939, p. 21, pl. 5, fig. 26; CUSHMAN and MCCULLOCH, 1940, p. 145, pl. 17, fig. 1.

Noniortina depressula BAGG, 1912, (not Walker and Jacob), p. 88, pl. 26, fig. 16, pl. 28, figs. 7, 8.

Nonion depressulum CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, (not Walker and Jacob), p. 25, pl. 4, fig. 32.

A limited number of specimens from a few localities, probably representing shallow depths of deposition, appear very close to the figure and description by Kornfeld (1931). The nearly circular side view and fewer chambers (eight to ten) in the last whorl make it distinct from Nonion depressulum (Walker and Jacob) [sensu stricto] as originally described (see Nautilus depressulus Walker and Jacob, 1798, In Ellis and Messina). A great many records are given for N. depressulum, many of which are unlike the original illustration and some of those are here placed in the subspecies N. depressulum matagordanum Kornfeld. Records of this form in Recent deposits indicate that it is confined generally to shallow waters, probably not more than 600 feet in depth.

The types are from Recent sediments off Texas in the Gulf of Mexico. This form has also been recorded from rocks of Miocene and younger age of Texas. In addition, it is known from the Plio-Pleistocene of California and in Recent deposits off California.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.38 mm; thickness 0.10 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1012), from locality Q-42.

Nonion cf. N. goudkoffi Kleinpell
Plate 1, figure 15

?Nonion goudkoffi KLEINPELL, 1938, p. 231, pl. 20, figs. 2, 5; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 137, fig. 8.

Rare in several samples from the Point Grenville section are specimens that appear very close to Nonion goudkoffi Kleinpell except that they are noticeably larger than those described by Kleinpell. Bagg's illustration (1912, pl. 27, figs. 4, 5) of Nonionina umbilicatula (Montague), which he records from the Pleistocene of California, is similar to the present specimen, but the illustrations of the types of N. umbilicatula (Montague) are quite dissimilar.

Nonion goudkoffi is recorded from rocks of late Miocene age (upper Mohnian and lower Delmontian) of California (Kleinpell, 1938; Pierce, 1956).

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.50 mm; thickness, 0.24 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1013), from locality Q-12.

Genus Florilus Montfort, 1808
Florilus [Nonionella] basispinatum (Cushman and Moyer)
Plate 1, figure 16

Nonion pizarrensis basispinata CUSHMAN and MOYER, 1930, p. 54, pl. 7, fig. 18.

Nonion pizarrense basispinatum Cushman and Moyer, CUSHMAN, 1939, p. 25, pl. 6, fig. 28; CUSHMAN and MCCULLOCH, 1940, p. 158, pl. 17, figs. 8, 9, pl. 18, figs. 4, 5; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 25, pl. 4, figs. 33-35; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 12; BANDY, 1950, p. 275, pl. 41, fig. 7.

The presence of a granular surface in the umbilical region and, on some specimens, along the sutures, together with a definite offset of the final chamber from the plane of coiling, suggests that this form best be referred to the genus Florilus de Montfort, 1808, as presented by Loeblich and Tappan (1964).

This species occurs at a number of localities in all sections except south of Taholah. It is known previously from rocks of Plio-Pleistocene age in California and Oregon and has been recorded from the Recent in shallow water off the west coast of America from Alaska to Ecuador.

Length of figured specimen, 0.62 mm; breadth, 0.43 mm; thickness, 0.30 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1014), from locality Q-12.

Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1926
Nonionella miocenica Cushman
Plate 1, figure 14

Nonionina auris CUSHMAN, 1926a, (not d'Orbigny), p. 91, pl. 13, fig. 4.

Nonionella miocenica CUSHMAN, 1926b, p. 64; CUSHMAN, 1939, p. 31, pl. 8, fig. 9; RAU, 1951, p. 437, pl. 64, figs. 6-28; GOODWIN and THOMSON, 1954, p. 173, pl. 32, figs. 7-9; WHITE, 1956, p. 247, pl. 27, fig. 10.

This well-known species was found at a number of localities throughout much of the Quinault Formation.

Numerous records of this species are known from rocks of Miocene and Pliocene age in California, Oregon, and Washington. It is also known from Recent deposits from Alaska to Costa Rica (Cushman and McCulloch, 1940, p. 161, 162).

Length of figured specimen, 0.37 mm; breadth, 0.28 mm; thickness, 0.22 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1015), from locality Q-75.

Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808
Elphidium hughesi foraminosum Cushman
Plate 1, figure 19

Elphidium hughesi CUSHMAN and GRANT, 1927, p. 76, pl. 7, fig. 5.

Elphidium hughesi foraminosum CUSHMAN, 1939, p. 49, pl. 13, fig. 8; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 42.

Most specimens of this species are referred to the subspecies E. hughesi foraminosum Cushman. They differ from the typical form in that the thickness is less, the chambers are less inflated, sutures are nearly flush with the surface, the umbilicus has a heavier and more prominent boss, and the retral processes tend to be more conspicuous. In a few specimens, particularly some of those listed from the Cape Elizabeth traverse, a moderate umbonal knob is developed the peripheral edge is sharply rounded, and the retral processes are quite coarse. Specimens with these latter features resemble E. oregonensis Cushman and Grant, but differ in being smaller and having fewer chambers.

Records of E. hughesi foraminosum Cushman are mainly from rocks of Pliocene and Pleistocene(?) age of California.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.50 mm; thickness, 0.22 mm;

Figured specimen (WSMG 1016), from locality Q-8.

Elphidium hughesi hughesi Cushman and Grant
Plate 1, figure 11.

Elphidium hughesi CUSHMAN and GRANT, 1927, p. 75, pl. 7, fig. 1; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1930, p. 61, pl. 3, fig. 15; CUSHMAN, 1939, p. 49, pl. 13, fig. 7; BANDY, 1950, p. 276, pl. 41, fig. 11.

This species shows much variation in form. Only those from a few localities, particularly Q-38, in the Cape Elizabeth traverse are referred to E. hughesi [sensu stricto].

The restricted form is known from rocks reportedly of the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene of California and Oregon.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.34 mm; thickness, 0.14 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1017), from locality Q-38.

Elphidium microgranulosum (Galloway and Wissler)
Plate 1, figure 22

Themeon decipiens GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 83, pl. 12, figs. 15, 16 (given as Themeon grartulosa on plate explanation).

Themeon granulosus GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927b, p. 193. Elphidium granulosus (Galloway and Wissler) BANDY, 1950, p. 275, pl. 41, fig. 8.

Elphidium microgranulosum (Galloway and Wissler) In THALMANN, 1951, p. 222. [New name presented by authors for the homonym E. granulosus (Galloway and Wissler)].

The surface of the test is typically granular, and the sutural pores are small, nearly obscure. This species is rare in the present collection. Forms figured as E. frigidum Cushman (1948) are similar to the present Quinault specimens. However, holotype figures of E. frigidum show that the retral processes are more distinct and elongate, and the test is narrower with respect to its length than is the case with the Quinault specimens.

Elphidium microgranulosum was originally recorded from the Plio-Pleistocene of California and is also recorded from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Oregon. The similar Elphidium frigidum is recorded largely from the Recent in the Arctic, but is known along the west coast and is recorded from nearby Puget Sound.

Length of figured specimen, 0.48 mm; thickness, 0.21 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1018), from locality Q-10.

Genus Elphidiella Cushman, 1936
Elphidiella hannai (Cushman and Grant)
Plate 1, figure 20

Elphidium hannai CUSHMAN and GRANT, 1927, p. 77, pl. 8, fig. 1; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1930, p. 62, pl. 3, figs. 16, 17.

Elphidiella hannai CUSHMAN, 1939, p. 66, pl. 19, figs. 1, 2; CUSHMAN and MCCULLOCH, 1940, p. 177, pl. 20, fig. 11; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 22; BANDY, 1950, p. 276, pl. 41, fig. 10; GOODWIN and THOMSON, 1954, p. 174, pl. 32, figs. 27, 28.

This species is restricted to a few scattered localities in several of the measured sections and nearby outcrops. Sutural pores are extremely fine and are visible on only the best preserved specimens.

Previous records of E. hannai are from rocks reportedly of Pliocene and Pleistocene age in California and Oregon. It is also known from Recent deposits at shallow depths along the west coast from Alaska to Mexico (Cushman and McCulloch, 1940, p. 178)

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.56 mm; thickness, 0.28 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1019), from Q-39.

Family HETEROHELICIDAE
Genus Plectofrondicularia Liebus, 1903
Plectofrondicularia? sp.
Plate 1, figure 21

A few specimens from a single isolated locality between Taholah and Point Grenville may belong to the genus Plectofrondicularia.

A form illustrated from a number of upper Tertiary localities of the west coast has been referred to as Frondicularia advena Cushman (White, 1956, p. 252). The present Quinault form may belong there; however, it is wider than most that are referred to this species.

Length of figured specimen (fragmentary), 0.92 mm; breadth, 0.46 mm; thickness, 0.08 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1020), from Q-18.

Family BULIMINIDAE
Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911
Buliminella curta Cushman
Plate 1, figure 18

Buliminella curta CUSHMAN, 1925b, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 13; LEINPELL, 1938, p. 248, pl. 7, fig. 3; pl. 15, fig. 4; CUSHMAN and PARKER, 1947, p. 64, pl. 16, fig. 22; WHITE, 1956, p. 254, pl. 30, fig. 12.

(For additional references see Cushman and Parker, 1947, and White, 1956.)

Rare specimens from a very few localities are best referred to B. curta Cushman. Numerous records of this species are from all parts of the California Miocene. It is also known from the Pliocene of Italy and California and the Recent of the Pacific. Locally it is recorded from the Montesano Formation (upper Miocene?) of Washington.

Length of figured specimen, 0.53 mm; diameter 0.19 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1021), from locality Q-23.

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny)
Plate 1, figure 17

Bulimina elegantissima D'ORBIGNY, 1839, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 13, 14.

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny), CUSHMAN, 1919 p. 606; CUSHMAN and PARKER, 1947, p. 67, pl. 17, figs. 10-12; BANDY, 1953, p. 176, pl. 24, fig. 14.

(For additional references see Cushman and Parker, 1947.)

This species occurs somewhat persistently, although never in large numbers, throughout many of the samples from the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section. It is a widely distributed species, both geographically and stratigraphically but was originally described from the Recent off the west coast of South America. It has since been recorded from the Recent in many parts of the world, including nearby British Columbia, is known from rocks as old as the Eocene of the gulf coast, and is also recorded throughout much of the Tertiary and Quaternary from the east coast, and west coast. Locally it occurs in the Montesano Formation (upper Miocene?) of Washington. Its occurrence in Recent deposits is largely from near-shore shallow-water environments.

Length of figured specimen, 0.42 mm; diameter, 0.15 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1022), from locality Q-68.

Genus Bulimina d'Orbigny, 1826
Bulimina subacuminata Cushman and R. E. Stewart
Plate 2, figure 1

Bulimina subacuminata CUSHMAN and R. E. STEWART, 1930, p. 65, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3; CUSHMAN and PARKER, 1938, p. 56, pl. 9, fig. 9; CUSHMAN and PARKER, 1947, p. 116, pl. 27, fig. 8; CROUCH, 1952, pl. 2, fig. 7; MARTIN, 1952, p. 132, pl. 22, fig. 12; WHITE, 1956, p. 254, pl. 30, fig. 8.

This rare species is found in only a few isolated localities. It was originally described by Cushman and Stewart from the Bear River area of Humboldt County, California and has since become a well-known form in the Pliocene of the Los Angeles basin of California, where it is confined largely to a lower part of that sequence of deposition.

Length of figured specimen 0.37 mm; breadth, 0.26 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1023), from locality Q-17.

Genus Globobulimina Cushman, 1927
Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey)
Plate 2, figure 2

Bulimina auriculata BAILEY, 1851, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 25-27; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 29; CUSHMAN and PARKER, 1947, p. 129, pl. 29, figs. 22-24; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 18, pl. 3, fig. 3; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 152, pl. 17, fig. 6.

Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey) PARKER, 1952, p. 416, pl. 5, fig. 29; TODD and LOW, 1967, p. 26, pl. 3, fig. 38.

(For additional references see Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart, 1949.)

Thin-walled Buliminidae are particularly common in the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section. Although most specimens are distorted, they seem to be best referred to Globobulimina auriculata (Bailey).

This species was first recorded from the Quinault Formation by Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949). Elsewhere it is common in the western Atlantic and is recorded in the eastern Pacific, including the Gulf of Alaska and locally in Puget Sound. It is also known from Plio-Pleistocene rocks of Timms Point, California.

Length of figured specimen, 0.56 mm; thickness 0.37 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1024), from locality Q-73.

Genus Virgulina d'Orbigny, 1826
Virgulina californiensis ticensis Cushman and Kleinpell
Plate 2, figure 4

Virgulina californiensis ticensis CUSHMAN and KLEINPELL, 1934, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 17; CUSHMAN, 1937, p. 21, pl. 3, figs. 16, 17; RAU, 1967, p. 35, text fig. 8.

This form is well represented in many of the samples from the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff area. However, it is absent in all samples from the Cape Elizabeth, Taholah and Point Grenville areas.

Virgulina californiensis ticensis Cushman and Kleinpell was first recorded from the upper Miocene (Mohnian Stage) of California. Recently it has been recorded locally from the Montesano Formation (upper Miocene?) of Washington. Specimens from the Montesano Formation have been compared with those of the Quinault Formation and appear essentially identical.

Length of figured specimen, 0.66 mm; breadth, 0.19 mm; thickness, 0.18 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1025), from locality Q-73.

Genus Bolivina d'Orbigny, 1839
Bolivina advena Cushman
Plate 2, figure 5

Bolivina advena CUSHMAN, 1925b, p. 29, pl. 5, fig. 1; CUSHMAN, 1937, p. 95, pl. 10, fig. 16; KLEINPELL, 1938, p. 264, pl. 7, fig. 6; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1947, pt. 1, p. 18, pl. 2, fig. 12; RAU, 1951, p. 442, pl. 65, fig. 9.

A few specimens from scattered localities in the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff area display all the characteristics of B. advena Cushman. They are particularly characterized by the slight but apparent lobate nature of each suture near the central part, as shown particularly well on Cushman's 1937 illustration.

This species was originally described from the upper Miocene of California, but has since been recorded from other parts of the California Miocene. It is known from the lower and middle Miocene of Oregon and is recorded locally from the lower and middle Miocene of Washington.

Length of figured specimen, 0.34 mm; breadth, 0.13 mm; thickness, 0.10 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1026), from locality Q-59.

Bolivina acuminata Natland
Plate 2, figure 6

Bolivina subadvena serrata NATLAND, 1938, p. 145, pl. 5, figs. 8, 9.

Bolivina subadvena acuminata Natland In CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 46; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 153, pl. 17, fig. 10.

Bolivina acuminata NATLAND, 1950, p. 22, pl. 5, fig. 21; BANDY, 1953, p. 176, pl. 24, fig. 6; WHITE, 1956 p. 250, pl. 29, fig. 3.

(For more complete synonymy see White, 1956.)

A few specimens from a single isolated outcrop between Taholah and Point Grenville display all the characteristics of B. acuminata Natland.

The first and a number of subsequent records of this form are from the Recent of the Pacific. It has since been recorded from the Plio-Pleistocene of California and the Pliocene of the Gulf of California. Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949) were the first to record this species from the Quinault Formation of Washington.

Length of figured specimen, 0.57 mm; breadth, 0.26 mm; thickness, 0.10 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1027), from locality Q-17.

Genus Oolina d'Orbigny, 1839
Oolina borealis Loeblich and Tappan
Plate 2, figure 12

Oolina borealis LOEBLICH and TAPPAN, 1954, p. 384; TODD and LOW, 1967, p. 28, pl. 3, fig. 34.

Lagena costata (Williamson) CUSHMAN, 1944, p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 4; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 1.

(For more complete synonymy see Todd and Low, 1967, p. 28.)

This species is found in small numbers from numerous localities in all sections except the section south of Taholah. It was originally described from the Recent off the British Isles and is known worldwide, usually from cold water (Todd and Low, 1967).

In addition, this and similar species have been recorded in California from rocks of Pliocene age.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.32 mm; length, 0.45 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1028), from locality Q-61.

Oolina melo d'Orbigny
Plate 2, figure 3

Oolina melo D'ORBIGNY, 1839, p. 20, pl. 5, fig. 9; LOEBLICH and TAPPAN, 1953, p. 71, pl. 12, figs. 8-15; TODD and Low, 1967, p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 27.

Lagena melo (d'Orbigny) BAGG, 1912, p. 49, pl. 14, figs. 16, 17.

(For a more complete synonymy see Todd and Low, 1967, p. 29.)

This form is rare in the present collection. Broken specimens characteristically show an entosolenian tube. Surface ornamentation consists of distinct costae parallel to the long axis of the test and numerous faint striations extending at right angles between the costae.

Similar forms have been recorded from the upper Miocene and the Pliocene of California and are referred to either the species Lagena scalariformis (Williamson) (Martin, 1952; Pierce, 1956) or L. foveolata Reuss (Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart, 1930).

Oolina melo was originally described from off the Falkland Islands and has been widely recorded both from the Arctic and the Antarctic, as well as from lower latitudes (Todd and Low, 1967).

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.19 mm; length, 0.24 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1029), from locality Q-33.

Uvigerina d'Orbigny, 1826
Uvigerina cf. U. hootsi Rankin
Plate 2, figure 7

Uvigerina hootsi Rankin In CUSHMAN and KLEINPELL, 1934, p. 22, pl. 3, figs. 8, 9; KLEINPELL, 1938, p. 295, pl. 22, fig. 6; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1941a, p. 46, pl. 13, figs. 16, 17; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 13; CUSHMAN and MCCULLOCH, 1948, p. 259, pl. 33, fig. 3; MARTIN, 1952, p. 137, pl. 25, fig. 3; WHITE, 1956, p. 258, pl. 32, fig. 5; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 138, fig. 15.

A few specimens from scattered locations are similar to U. hootsi. They differ, however, in that their chambers are less inflated than the typical form. They also resemble U. juncea Cushman and Todd, but are without costae and are proportionately shorter. Possibly they represent an immature or impoverished form of U. juncea.

Uvigerina hootsi was originally recorded from the upper Miocene of California and has since become a well-known form in much of the upper Miocene of the west coast Tertiary. It is also recorded from the Plio-Pleistocene of California, and is recorded from the Recent(?) off the Pacific coast. Locally it is known from the Montesano Formation of late Miocene(?) age of Washington.

Length of figured specimen, 0.50 mm; breadth, 0.27 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1030), from locality Q-32.

Uvigerina juncea Cushman and Todd
Plate 2, figure 8

Uvigerina juncea CUSHMAN and TODD, 1941b, p. 78, pl. 20, figs. 4-11; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 36, pl. 6, figs. 10-12; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 9; MARTIN, 1952, p. 137, pl. 25, fig. 4.

This Uvigerina varies considerably in both shape and ornamentation and therefore might well be referred to as any one of several species. Considering particularly variations in ornamentation, the present forms are best referred to U. juncea Cushman and Todd. Some have fine, low costae, on others costae grade to rows of fine spines, and still others are nearly without ornamentation. Many of the Quinault specimens, however, are broader than most forms previously described. Generally, they display an approximate 2:1 ratio of length to breadth, whereas the ratio of most of those originally described by Cushman and Todd show more nearly 3:1.

Previous records of U. juncea are confined largely to the Pliocene and Pleistocene of California. It is also known from the Recent off the west coast.

Length of figured specimen 0.70 mm, breadth 0.32 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1031), from locality Q-27.

Uvigerina senticosa Cushman
Plate 2, figure 9

Uvigerina senticosa CUSHMAN, 1927, p. 159, pl. 3, fig. 14; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1930, p. 68, pl. 5, fig. 9; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 153, pl. 17, fig. 13; BANDY, 1953, p. 177, pl. 25, fig. 12; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 139, fig. 2.

Uvigerina senticosa adiposa WHITE, 1956, p. 259, pl. 32, fig. 9.

Uvigerina with hispid ornamentation are relatively rare in the Quinault Formation and are all referred to U. senticosa Cushman. This species was originally recorded from the formation by Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949).

The first record of this species is from the Recent of the eastern Pacific. It has since been recorded from the upper Miocene, and the Pliocene, and Pleistocene of California, as well as from the Recent off the west coast.

Length of figured specimen, 0.48 mm; breadth, 0.27 mm. Figured specimen (WSMG 1032), from locality Q-81.

Uvigerina subperegrina Cushman and Kleinpell
Plate 2, figure 10

Uvigerina subperegrina CUSHMAN and KLEINPELL, 1934, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 9-11; KLEINPELL, 1938, p. 298; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1941a, p. 52, pl. 14, figs. 19-23; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 14; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 153, pl. 17, fig, 8; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 139, fig. 3.

This costate species occurs in many of the samples from the section south of Taholah and the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section, but seldom is it found in large numbers from any one locality. Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949) first recorded this species from the Quinault Formation.

The species was originally recorded from the upper Miocene of California and has since become a well-known species of that part of the west coast Tertiary sequence. It is recorded also from the Plio-Pleistocene of Palos Verdes Hills, California, and the Miocene of Florida and Virginia. Locally it is also known from the Montesano Formation.

In addition there are several references to Uvigerina peregrina Cushman in the upper Miocene, the Plio-Pleistocene, and Recent of the west coast. Illustrations of some of these seem similar to the present Quinault form (Martin, 1952; White, 1956; Bandy, 1953; Galloway and Wissler, 1927a; Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart, 1930).

Length of figured specimen, 0.43 mm; breadth, 0.24 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1033), from locality Q-26.

Genus Angulogerina Cushman, 1927
Angulogerina semitrigona (Galloway and Wissler)
Plate 2, figure 11

Uvigerina semitrigona GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 77, pl. 11, fig. 21.

Angulogerina semitrigona (Galloway and Wissler), CAMPBELL, 1935, p. 46, text fig. 9; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1941b, p. 76, pl. 18, fig. 6; pl. 19, fig. 18; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 37, pl. 6, fig. 16; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 7

This species, although never in large numbers, occurs in many of the samples from the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section and nearby isolated outcrops, but is practically absent in samples from the other sections.

Angulogerina semitrigona was originally described from the Plio-Pleistocene of Palos Verdes Hills, California, and has since been recorded from the Recent off the coast of California and in nearby Puget Sound.

Length of figured specimen, 0.38 mm; breadth, 0.22 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1034), from locality Q-91.

Family DISCORBIDAE
Genus Discorbis Lamarck, 1804
Discorbis? columbiensis Cushman
Plate 2, figure 13

Discorbis columbiensis CUSHMAN, 1925a, p. 43, pl. 6, fig. 13; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 14-16.

Fragmented specimens from one locality in the section north of Point Grenville are best referred to D. columbiensis Cushman. Also they seem to be similar to a form figured as D. rosaceus (d'Orbigny) by Cushman and Gray (1946b, pl. 6, fig. 21) from the Timms Point material of California. However, the present Quinault specimens differ from d'Orbigny's type illustrations of this species in having more chambers in the last formed whorl and a thicker test.

Some question exists as to the proper generic placement of at least the present specimens, but, because materials are limited, it is not possible in this report to resolve this doubt.

Discorbis columbiensis Cushman was originally described from a depth of 20 fathoms in Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, and has since been recorded from Puget Sound, Washington.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.30 mm; thickness, 0.14 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1035), from locality Q-5.

Genus Valvulineria Cushman, 1926
Valvulineria malagaensis Kleinpell
Plate 2, figure 14

Valvulineria araucana malagaensis KLEINPELL, 1938, p. 308, pl. 22, figs. 10-12; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 141, fig. 8.

Valvulineria araucana (d'Orbigny) CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 154, pl. 17, fig. 14.

A few specimens from several isolated localities north of the mouth of the Raft River and between Taholah and Point Grenville are best referred to Valvulineria malagaensis Kleinpell. This form is known from the upper Miocene of California. The present specimens differ from V. araucana (d'Orbigny) in that they are small, and the last chamber does not overlap the earlier coils of the ventral side. Forms figured by Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949) from the Quinault Formation seem to be the same as the present specimens.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.38 mm; thickness, 0.24 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1036), from locality Q-17.

Valvulineria washingtonensis (Cushman and R. E. and K. C. Stewart)
Plate 2, figure 15

Cibicides concentricus washingtonensis CUSHMAN and R. E. and K. C. STEWART, 1949, p. 157, pl. 18, fig. 8.

The present specimens seem identical to forms originally illustrated by Cushman and R. E. and K. C. Stewart from the Quinault Formation. The present specimens display all the features of Valvulineria, particularly the characteristic platelike cover over much of the umbilical area. Valvulineria menloensis Rau, from the early Miocene of Washington (Rau, 1951), is very similar to V. washingtonensis and may well be synonymous with it.

This form occurs in samples of the present material from only a few isolated localities. The only other record of Valvulineria washingtonensis is from the Quinault Formation.

Diameter of figured specimen (immature specimen), 0.66 mm; thickness, 0.26 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1037), from locality Q-15.

Family ROTALIIDAE
Genus Eponides Montfort, 1808
Eponides healdi R. E. and K. C. Stewart
Plate 2, figure 16

Eponides healdi R. E. and K. C. STEWART, 1930, p. 70, pl. 8, fig. 8; KLEINPELL, 1938, p. 319; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 140, fig. 5.

This species is rare in a few samples from isolated localities. It was originally described from the lower Pliocene of California and has since been recorded from the upper Miocene of California.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.40 mm; thickness, 0.24 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1038), from locality Q-17.

Genus Buccella Andersen, 1952
Buccella inusitata Andersen
Plate 2, figure 17

Buccella inusitata ANDERSEN, 1952, p. 147, 148, figs. 10, 11. Eponides peruvianus (d'Orbigny) CUSHMAN and KELLETT, 1929, p. 10, pl. 4, fig. 5.

Eponides frigidus (Cushman) CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 21; CUSHMAN, 1948, p. 71, pl. 8, fig. 7.

One of the more commonly occurring forms throughout the sections compares well with illustrations and the description of the types Buccella inusitata Andersen. Because much variation in both size and form is shown among individuals in the present collection, it might be thought that more than one species is represented. However, a complete gradation of form and size occurs among specimens within individual samples, and therefore they are all referred to one species. Diameter varies from 0.25 mm to 0.60 mm. The most noticeable variation in form is the amount of convexity of the ventral surface, which varies from nearly flat to an amount of convexity equal to that of the dorsal side. The angle of the periphery also varies from acute, nearly keeled, to subround.

Some specimens, particularly the smaller ones, are similar to the type of B. frigida (Cushman), but differ in having a greater number of chambers. Buccella tenerrima (Bandy) [Rotalia tenerrima Bandy] is similar to some of the specimens but differs in having umbilical bosses.

The types of B. inusitata are from the Recent of Puget Sound, Washington. In his synonymy, Anderson (1952) includes forms from the Recent of both the west coast of South America and the Arctic. Although records of the species are limited, its known occurrence suggests that it probably favors cool temperatures similar to those in which the closely related B. frigida (Cushman) occurs.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.55 mm; thickness, 0.17 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1039), from locality Q-8.

Genus Rotalia Lamarck, 1804
Rotalia cf. R. garveyensis Natland
Plate 2, figure 18

?Rotalia garveyensis NATLAND, 1938, p. 147, pl. 6, fig. 6; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 140, fig. 4.

A few specimens from a locality near the mouth of the Raft River (Q-97) are tentatively referred to R. garveyensis. In addition, R. S. Boettcher, of Mobil Oil Co. (oral communication, 1969) reported this species from the vicinity of the lower part of the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section. Those from locality Q-97 vary slightly from the typical form known in the upper Miocene of California in that the umbonal plug is not as well developed; the sutures are not quite radiate; and there are fewer chambers, usually seven, in the last whorl.

Rotalia garveyensis Natland was originally described from the lower part of the Repetto Formation of the Los Angeles basin in California, and has since been recorded from upper Miocene beds of the same region. Its highest occurrence at least in that area, has become known as an excellent point of correlation and is generally used to mark a horizon at or near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.22 mm; thickness, 0.10 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1040), from locality Q-97.

Genus Epistominella Husezima and Maruhasi, 1944
Epistominella pacifica (Cushman)
Plate 2, figure 20

Pulvinulinella pacifica CUSHMAN, 1927 p. 165, pl. 5, figs. 14, 15; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1930 p. 73, pl. 6, fig. 5.

Epistominella pacifica (Cushman), MARTIN, 1952, p. 136, pl. 24, fig. 8.

Epistominella cf. E. pacifica (Cushman), GOODWIN and THOMPSON, 1954, p. 176, pl. 32, figs. 10, 11.

Pseudoparrella subperuviana (Cushman), CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 154, pl. 18, fig. 1.

This species occurs in a number of samples from several of the sections. Nearly all specimens are strongly convex ventrally, and moderately to nearly flat on the dorsal side. The periphery is acute to nearly keeled. Six to seven chambers make up the last formed coil, the final one or two being only slightly inflated; sutures are distinct, flush with surface, except that they are depressed slightly between the last one or two chambers. Aperture is an elongate narrow slit parallel with the periphery.

The present specimens compare most closely with the description and illustrations of the type Epistominella pacifica (Cushman). The only possible difference may be in more convexity of the dorsal surface in most of the Quinault specimens. In this respect they closely resemble Epistominella pulchella Husezima and Maruhasi, 1944.

Epistominella pacifica (Cushman) was first described from the Recent off the west coast of America. It is known also from rocks of middle and late Miocene and Pliocene age in California. It has been recorded from the Montesano Formation of Washington of probable late Miocene age (Rau, 1967) and was previously recorded from the Quinault Formation as Pseudoparrella subperuviano (Cushman) (Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart, 1949).

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.32 mm; thickness 0.18 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1041), from locality Q-12

Family CASSIDULINIDAE
Genus Cassidulina d'Orbigny, 1826
Cassidulina californica Cushman and Hughes
Plate 2, figure 19

Cassidulina californica CUSHMAN and HUGHES, 1925, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 1; WHITE, 1956, p. 255, pl. 31, fig. 1; TODD and LOW, 1967, p. 37, pl. 5, fig. 13.

(For additional references see White, 1956. p. 255.)

This species was found at a single isolated outcrop (Q-15) between Point Grenville and Taholah.

It was originally described from the Palos Verdes Hills of California, and has since been recorded from the Plio-Pleistocene sequence in other areas of California. Records of this species are also from the Pliocene of Panama and the Recent off the Pacific coast from the Gulf of Alaska to San Diego, California.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.75 mm; thickness, 0.45 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1042), from locality Q-15.

Cassidulina islandica Nörvang
Plate 3, figure 1

Cassidulina islandica NÖRVANG, 1945, p. 41, figs. 7, 8d-f; CUSHMAN, 1948, p. 75, pl. 8, fig. 13; LOEBLICH and TAPPAN, 1953, p. 118-120, pl. 24, fig. 1.

Cassidulina islandica forma minuta NÖRVANG, 1945, p. 43, figs. 8a-c; CUSHMAN, 1948, p. 75, pl. 8, fig. 11; PARKER, 1952, p. 421, pl. 6, figs. 22a, 23; PHLEGER, 1952, p. 83, pl. 14, fig. 30.

Cassidulina islandica nörvangi THALMANN, 1952, In Phleger, p. 83 (footnote).

Cassidulina californica Cushman and Hughes, CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 154, pl. 18, fig. 3.

Following the usage of Loeblich and Tappan (1953), all Quinault specimens of this form are placed under the species C. islandica, although most fall within the size range Nörvang designated for his forma C. islandica minuta, which later was changed by Thalmann, because it is a homonym of C. minuta Cushman, to C. islandica nörvangi. The present specimens are particularly similar to that figured by Phleger (1952) from the Recent of the Arctic.

This form was originally recorded from the Quinault Formation as C. californica Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949). It occurs throughout much of the Quinault Formation, and particularly in the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section. Previous records of it are largely from the Arctic, but it is also recorded off the New Hampshire coast. Loeblich and Tappan observed that many earlier references to C. crassa d'Orbigny probably should be referred to C. islandica, and therefore the geographic and possibly stratigraphic distribution of this form may well be considerably greater than is presently recorded.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.30 mm; thickness, 0.18 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1043), from locality Q-28.

Cassidulina limbata Cushman and Hughes
Plate 3, figure 2

Cassidulina limbata CUSHMAN and HUGHES, 1925, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 2; GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 78, pl. 12, fig 12; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1930, p. 74, pl. 6, fig. 7; KLEINPELL, 1938, p. 333, pl. 9, fig. 21; CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, p. 42, pl. 7, figs. 14-16; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1947, p. 22, pl. 4, fig. 4; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 155, pl. 18, fig. 2; BANDY, 1950, p. 280, pl. 42, fig. 4; MARTIN, 1952, p. 135, pl. 24, fig. 6; BANDY, 1953, p. 176, pl. 25, fig. 2. (For additional references see Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart, 1949, p. 155.)

Cassidulina limbata Cushman and Hughes is one of two commonly occurring forms of the genus in the collection and constitutes one of the more prominent elements in the fauna. A gradation of form is present from that typified by C. limbata, having only a moderate narrowing of the central part of the chambers, to that having a decided constriction of the central part of the chambers, as shown by C. reflexa Galloway and Wissler. In the original description of C. limbata, Cushman and Hughes may well have considered those forms here placed in C. reflexa as a variety within C. limbata.

Apparently a third variation has been recognized in the group known as C. tortuosa Cushman and Hughes, but it does not appear to be present in the Quinault material. In this form, according to the original description and illustrations, the chambers are more contorted and sutures more angular than are shown on any of the specimens of the present collection. However, some authors have placed forms in C. tortuosa that appear to be very close to C. reflexa.

Cassidulina limbata occurs most extensively in the sections south of Taholah and north of Point Grenville, whereas C. reflexa is dominant in the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff area. Cassidulina limbata was first recorded from the Quinault Formation by Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949) from along the coast between Taholah and Point Grenville.

It was originally described from the Plio-Pleistocene of Palos Verdes Hills, California, and has since been recorded from the Pliocene of northern California as well as the Miocene of other parts of California. It is known from the Pleistocene of Oregon and lives today off the California coast and in Puget Sound, Washington.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.56 mm; thickness, 0.24 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1044), from locality Q-37.

Cassidulina reflexa Galloway and Wissler
Plate 3, figure 5

Cassidulina reflexa GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 80, pl. 12, fig. 3.

Cassidulina tortuosa CUSHMAN and GRAY, 1946b, [not Cushman and Hughes], p. 42, pl. 7, fig. 17.

This species is common, particularly in the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section. It was originally recorded from the Plio-Pleistocene at Palos Verdes Hills, California. (Discussion under Cassidulina limbata gives additional in formation on this species.)

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.59 mm; thickness. 0.29 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1045), from locality Q-94.

Cassidulina translucens Cushman and Hughes
Plate 3, figure 3

Cassidulina translucens CUSHMAN and HUGHES, 1925, p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 5; CROUCH, 1952, p. 838, pl. 6, fig. 13; MARTIN, 1952, p. 136, pl. 24, fig. 4; BANDY, 1953, p. 176, pl. 25, fig. 6; WHITE, 1956, p. 256, pl. 31, fig. 5.

(For additional references see Martin, 1952, p. 136.)

Specimens from several localities display all the characteristics of Cassidulina translucens Cushman and Hughes.

This species is known previously from the Plio-Pleistocene of Palos Verdes Hills, California, and is recorded in today's sea off the California coast.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.38 mm; thickness, 0.19 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1046), from locality Q-23.

Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE
Genus Chilostomella Reuss, 1850
Chilostomella cf. C. czizeki Reuss
Plate 3, figure 4

Chilostomella cf. C. czizeki Reuss, CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 156, pl. 18, fig. 5.

Specimens seemingly identical to those figured by Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949) from the Quinault Formation occur in the present material from an isolated locality.

Length of figured specimen, 0.59 mm; diameter, 0.33 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1047), from locality Q-17.

Genus Pullenia Parker and Jones, 1862
Pullenia miocenica Kleinpell
Plate 3, figure 6

Pullenia miocenica KLEINPELL, 1938, p. 338, pl. 14, fig. 6; CUSHMAN and TODD, 1943, p. 17, pl. 3, figs. 3, 4.

Pullenia cf. P. miocenica Kleinpell, PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 137, fig. 12.

(For additional references see Cushman and Todd, 1943.) This form is characterized particularly by six to seven chambers in the last whorl and by its slightly lobate periphery.

Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949) record a form as Pullenia cf. P. bulloides (d'Orbigny) from the Quinault Formation that may well belong here. However, their form has fewer chambers, as does the type P. bulloides.

Specimens of the present collection are confined to samples from a few localities in the section south of Taholah. Previous records of P. miocenica are from the Miocene in California.

Length of figured specimen, 0.40 mm; breadth, 0.38 mm; thickness, 0.37 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1048), from locality Q-26.

Pullenia cf. P. salisburyi R. E. and K. C. Stewart
Plate 3, figure 7

The present specimens differ from the types and other illustrations of P. salisburyi in that they have seven to eight chambers in the last whorl instead of the usual six. In all other respects the Quinault forms are comparable. Their occurrence is confined to samples from the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff area.

Pullenia salisburyi has a wide geographic as well as stratigraphic distribution. It was originally recorded from the Pliocene of California and has since been recorded from numerous localities of the California Miocene, Pliocene, and Recent. Locally, it is known from rocks of Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene age and is recorded from the Recent of nearby Puget Sound.

Length of figured specimen, 0.45 mm; breadth, 0.38 mm; thickness, 0.21 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1049), from locality Q-77.

Genus Sphaeroidina d'Orbigny, 1826
Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny
Plate 3, figure 9

Sphaeroidina bulloides D'ORBIGNY, 1826, p. 26, modeles, no. 65; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1930, p. 76, pl. 7, fig. 2; CUSHMAN, STEWART, and STEWART, 1949, p. 156, pl. 18, fig. 7; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1301, pl. 137, fig. 13.

(For additional references, see Ellis and Messina, 1940-70.) This species is rare from a few isolated localities. It was originally recorded from the Quinault Formation by Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart (1949) and is common in the Tertiary and Recent of the west coast, as well as numerous other Tertiary and Recent localities throughout the world.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.37 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1050), from locality Q-19.

Family GLOBIGERINIDAE
Genus Globigerina d'Orbigny, 1826
Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny
Plate 3, figure 10

Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, PARKER, 1962, p. 221, pl. 1 figs. 1-8; INGLE, 1967, p. 356, pl. 33, figs. 1-3.

(For additional references see Parker, 1962.)

This widely recorded species occurs at many localities throughout all sections. Although rarely found in large numbers, it is the most frequently occurring Globigerina in the collection. Some might well be considered G. bulloides quadrilatera Galloway and Wissler, but have not been differentiated in this report. (See Ingle, 1967, p. 356 pl. 33, fig. 4.)

Length of figured specimen, 0.29 mm; thickness 0.19 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1051), from locality Q-14.

Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg)
Plate 3, figure 8

Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg), PARKER, 1962, p 224, pl. 1, figs. 26-35; pl. 2, figs. 1-6; INGLE, 1967, p. 356, pl. 33, figs. 6, 7; pl. 34, figs. 1-4.

(For additional references and discussion see Parker 1962).

This well-known species occurs, although never in large numbers, at a number of localities, particularly in the section south of Taholah. It was first recorded from the Quinault Formation by Fowler (In Ingle, 1967). They note a change from dextrally coiled specimens in the Point Grenville section to dominantly sinistrally coiled form in the supposedly higher part of the section south of Taholah, thus suggesting a change from warm to cooler surface conditions. Although G. pachyderma is extremely rare in samples of the present study from the Point Grenville section, it was found in substantial numbers in the section south of Taholah. These specimens are dominantly sinistrally coiled, as pointed out by Ingle.

As discussed in a previous section, there is some reason to consider the deposition of the Point Grenville section as contemporaneous or possibly post that of the section south of Taholah rather than representing a sequence of deposition younger than that of the section south of Taholah as inferred by Fowler (In Ingle, 1967). Therefore there may be some question about the significance of the direction of coiling of G. pachyderma in the Quinault Formation.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.35 mm; thickness, 0.26 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1052), from locality Q-30.

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE
Genus Globorotalia Cushman, 1927
Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)
Plate 3, figure 11

Globigerina crassaformis GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 41, pl. 7, fig. 12.

Globorotalia punctulata (Fornasini), PHLEGER, PARKER, and PEIRSON, 1953, p. 20, pl. 4, figs. 8-12.

Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler) PARKER, 1962, p. 235, pl. 4, figs. 17, 18, 20, 21; INGLE, 1967, p. 357, pl. 38, figs. 3-5.

(For additional synonymy and discussion see Phleger, Parker, and Peirson, 1953, and Parker, 1962.)

This species was first recorded from the Quinault Formation by Fowler (In Ingle, 1967). Its presence is believed by Ingle to suggest higher surface temperature during at least part of Quinault time than exists today in the nearby offshore. It is very rare in the present collection, occurring at only two localities in the section south of Taholah. It is recorded from the Plio-Pleistocene of California and is common today in warm, temperate, and tropical seas.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.29 mm; height, 0.19 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1053), from locality Q-33.

Family ANOMALINIDAE
Genus Anomalinoides Brotzen, 1942
Anomalinoides quinaultensis Rau, n. sp.
Plate 3, figure 12

Test somewhat compressed, variably biconvex to nearly planoconvex, involute, mature specimens slightly evolute on one side, typically with umbonal plug on both sides, but on some poorly developed on one side, periphery rounded; chambers usually nine in last formed whorl, gradually increasing in height, last few chambers slightly inflated, particularly on mature specimens; sutures distinct, slightly depressed between last few chambers, slightly curved, somewhat limbate; walls very coarsely perforate with irregularly shaped and arranged pores forming an overall roughness to the surface; aperture a low interiomarginal, very slightly lipped slit extending completely across the base of the apertural chamber and also along the base of at least two additional chambers on one side.

Diameter of holotype, 0.27 mm; thickness, 0.13 mm.

This umbonate form is unique within the present material of the Quinault Formation and appears unlike any other described species. It is characterized by its coarsely punctate surface, small size, and umbonal plugs. Within the present material it is confined to samples from the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section and vicinity. Because of this restricted occurrence locally, possible stratigraphic significance within a part of the Quinault Formation may be suggested for this species.

The species is named after the Quinault Formation in which it is found and the Quinault Indian Reservation on which most of the onshore outcrops of the formation occur.

Holotype (WSMG 1054), from locality Q-93

Genus Cibicides Montfort, 1808
Cibicides conoideus Galloway and Wissler
Plate 3, figure 13

Cibicides conoideus GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 63, pl. 10, fig. 7.

This conically shaped, planoconvex species seldom occurs in large numbers but is present from many localities, particularly those of the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section. Its umbonate umbilical region is also a conspicuous characteristic. This species was originally described from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Palos Verdes Hills, California.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.34 mm; thickness, 0.18 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1055), from locality Q-86.

Cibicides fletcheri Galloway and Wissler
Plate 3, figure 14

Cibicides fletcheri GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 64, pl. 10, figs. 8, 9; MARTIN, 1952, p. 125, pl. 20, fig. 2; BANDY, 1953, p. 176, pl. 24, fig. 2; PIERCE, 1956, p. 1300, pl. 140, fig. 2.

The planoconvex shape of the test and the rapid increase in size of the chambers are among the prominent features characterizing this species. It occurs in numerous samples from both the section north of Point Grenville and the Duck Creek-Pratt Cliff section but is essentially absent in samples from the section south of Taholah.

Cibicides fletcheri was originally described from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Palos Verdes Hills, California, and has since been recorded from rocks of late Miocene and of Pliocene age of California. It is also known to be living today off the California coast.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.46 mm; thickness, 0.21. mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1056), from locality Q-12.

Cibicides mckannai Galloway and Wissler [sensu lato]
Plate 3, figure 15

Cibicides mckannai GALLOWAY and WISSLER, 1927a, p. 65, pl. 10, figs. 5, 6; CROUCH, 1952, p. 842, pl. 7, figs. 11, 12; WHITE, 1956, p. 249, pl. 28, fig. 6.

Cibicides mckannai suppressus MARTIN, 1952, p. 126, pl. 20, fig. 3.

This species occurs in most of the sections and is particularly common in the rocks exposed south of Taholah. It displays considerable variation, and some of the specimens, such as that figured, are probably closest to C. mckannai suppressus Martin.

Original records of this species are from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Palos Verdes Hills of southern California. It has since been recorded from the Pliocene in other parts of California and the Recent off the California coast. Locally it is recorded from the Montesano Formation of Washington.

Diameter of figured specimen, 0.46 mm; thickness, 0.19 mm.

Figured specimen (WSMG 1057), from locality Q-31.