Effigy Mounds Administrative History

¹See Appendix E for a list of studies related to the area's history, archeology, and natural history.

²National Park Service, "Mission 66 Prospectus," June 29, 1956.

³Memorandum, Archeologist Paul Beaubien to Regional Historian [Merrill Mattes], Midwest Region, June 9, 1949.

⁴Memorandum, Associate Regional Director Howard Baker to Director [Newton Drury], February 23, 1950; memorandum, Archeologist Paul Beaubien to Merriam, June 26, 1950; Monthly Narrative Report, May 1950; Activities Report, June 18-24, 1950; and Beaubien, "Preliminary Notes on an Archeological Project in Northeastern Iowa" Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 1(1953).

⁵Copies of the cooperative agreements, September 13, 1950, are located in the files at Effigy Mounds National Monument.

⁶Memorandum, Merriam to Regional Director, Region Three, Fish and Wildlife Service, Minneapolis, February 12, 1952; memorandum, Merriam to District Engineer Yoder, Corps of Engineers, St. Paul, March 3, 1952; and memorandum, Acting Regional Director John S. McLaughlin to Drury, March 12, 1953.

⁷"GS" refers to the Federal government's general service grade schedule for ranking employees. Higher grades require stiffer requirements for eligibility and greater levels of responsibility than lower grades in the same job—type series.

⁸Letter, Beaubien to Mattes, May 22, 1952.

⁹Memorandum, Beaubien to Baker, August 10, 1952.

¹⁰Memorandum, Chief Historian Herbert E. Kahler to Baker, February 6, 1962.

¹¹Mission 66 Prospectus, June 29, 1956.

¹²Memorandum, Superintendent Walter T. Berrett to Baker, August 12, 1957; and Acting Chief of Interpretation Mattes to Berrett, August 21, 1957.

¹³Mission 66 Prospectus, June 29, 1956.

¹⁴For greater discussion of the Mission 66 development program, please see Chapter 7.

¹⁵See Regional Chief of Interpretation H. Raymond Gregg to Berrett, June 28, 1955.

¹⁶See Logan, "Administrative History," 1956.

¹⁷Memorandum, Gregg to Berrett, November 6, 1957.

¹⁸Memorandum, Berrett to Wayne H. Scholtes, August 10, 1957; and memorandum, Archeologist Garland Gordon to David Baerreis, n.d.

¹⁹Monthly Narrative Report, September 1958.

²⁰Monthly Narrative Reports, November 1960 and January 1961.

²¹Monthly Narrative Reports, July and September 1960.

²²Annual Report, Effigy Mounds National Monument, 1963.

²³Monthly Narrative Report, July 1964.

²⁴Memorandum, Garland Gordon to Logan, February 16, 1964.

²⁵"Rediscovered" is a more accurate term, since T.H. Lewis recorded two bears, one other unspecified animal effigy, thirteen embankments, and thirty—seven conicals on the Nazekaw terrace in 1892. In 1926, Ellison Orr recorded two bear effigies and seven conicals at the site. When Luther College conducted a survey in 1976, they located only three conicals and two linear mounds on the Nazekaw terrace. See Dean Thompson to Superintendent Thomas Munson, March 1, 1976.

²⁶Ibid.

²⁷Ibid.

²⁸Memorandum for the Record, Daniel Bowman, Archeologist, Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, June 22, 1976.

²⁹Memorandum, Munson to Regional Director [Beal], September 15, 1978; David Berwick, interview with the author, November 14, 1988; David W. Benn and Dean M Thompson, "Preliminary Investigation of the FTD Site (13AM210) by the Luther College Archaeological Research Laboratory" (Decorah, Iowa: Luther College, 1976), 10; letter, Benn and Thompson to Col. Forrest Gray III, District Engineer, Corps of Engineers, January 20, 1976; and letter, Benn and Thompson to Adrian Anderson, January 20, 1976.

³⁰Memorandum for the Record, Daniel Bowman, Archeologist, Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District, June 22, 1976.

³¹Memorandum, Col. William Badger, Corps of Engineers, to Adrian Anderson, April 11, 1980.

³²The association uses the ampersand (&) rather than the word "and" in its name.

³³See letter, James E. Mount to George J. Minnucci, Jr., Eastern National Parks & Monuments Association, February 27, 1979. According to Jim David, the National Park Service's allocation of 3,500 and the association's matching offer were intended to spur the Corps of Engineers to action. David to author, February 16, 1989.

³⁴Berwick, interview with author, St. Paul, Minnesota, November 14, 1988; and letter, Badger to Anderson, April 11, 1980.

³⁵Letter, Anderson to Robert F. Post, Chief, Environmental Resources Branch, Corps of Engineers, n.d.; and Berwick, interview with author, November 14, 1988.

³⁶See letter, James L. Smith, Acting Area Manager, Fish and Wildlife Service, to Post, September 5, 1980; and letter, Roger Binsfield to "Effigy Mounds Park," March 20, 1981.

³⁷Luther College, "Reconnaissance Survey of the Ferguson Tract" Typescript, 1974.

³⁸Fire Management Plan, (National Park Service, 1988), 1; and Rodney Rovang, personal communication with author, August 18, 1988.

³⁹Ibid.

⁴⁰The other Clark College volunteers included Carl Mann, Elizabeth Shepard, Stephanie Hoffman, Arndt Braaten, Cena Nielson, Gunilla Ander, Eva—Lena Persson, Haakon Vennemo, Morten Strand, Laura Hampton, Tim Rawson, Judy Abbeglen, Jud Fisher, Laurie Frye, and Walt Mauer. See letter, Superintendent Thomas Munson to Dr. Elsin Farwell, April 28, 1980.

⁴¹Memorandum, Munson to Midwest Regional Director J.L. Dunning, May 13, 1980.

⁴²Ibid.

⁴³Letter, Gary G. Brown, Aerial Services, Inc., to F.A. Calabrese, Chief, Midwest Archeological Center, September 3, 1986; memorandum, Munson to Calabrese, March 18, 1986; and memorandum, Archeologist Janis Dial-Jones to Calabrese, June 18, 1987.

⁴⁴The team for the first phase of the onsite investigation included Archeologists Cathie Masters and Richard Rogers and Archeological Aide Laurine Rogers.

⁴⁵Memorandum, Dial-Jones to Calabrese, June 18, 1987; and Dial-Jones, personal communication with author, November 21, 1988.

⁴⁶Ibid.

⁴⁷Dial—Jones, personal communication with author, November 21, 1988.

All of this clearly points out the difficulty of survey work at Sny Magill, where heavy brush and poison ivy cover the mounds throughout the growing season.

⁴⁸Ibid.; and Dial—Jones to Calabrese, June 18, 1987.

⁴⁹Dial—Jones, personal communication with author, November 21, 1988.

⁵⁰Letter, Charles A. Tapley, Surveyor, to Munson, November 9, 1987.

⁵¹Notice of Award, PX6115-7-0225, Acting Chief, Midwest Archeological Center, Douglas D. Scott, to Elizabeth Henning, Oneota Enterprises, Calmar, Iowa, September 21, 1987.

⁵²Notice of Award, PX6115-7-0224. Scott to E.A. Bettis III, Iowa Department of Natural Resources; letter, Calabrese to Bettis, March 1, 1988; and Midwest Regional Archeologist Mark Lynott, personal communication with author, November 21, 1988.

⁵³Dial—Jones, personal communication with author, November 21, 1988.

⁵⁴Ibid.

⁵⁵Notice of Award, PX6115-7-0223, Scott, to Dr. Dale Henning, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa, September 16, 1987. Henning was the second to research rock shelters within the national monument; Robert W. Petersen conducted a reconnaissance survey of rock shelters in 1985. See Petersen, "Survey of Potential Rock Shelter Sites, Effigy Mounds National Monument," Manuscript, (National Park Service, 1985).