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Death Valley
Historic Resource Study A History of Mining |
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SECTION III:
Endnotes
1. Inyo Independent, 1 December 1916.
4. Ibid., 28 March 1925; Hubbard et al., Ballarat 1897-1917 p. 89; Palmer, Place Names, p. 73.
5. Inyo Independent, 21 May 1927.
6. James A. Hopper, "Appraisal of Thorndike Property, Death Valley Monument, Inyo County, California," 20 August 1954, DEVA NM mining office.
7. Inyo Independent, 29 September 1939.
8. William J. Wallace and Edith S. Taylor, "Archaeology of Wild Rose Canyon, Death Valley," American Antiquity, 20 (April 1955): 356. A spot east of Thorndike's where a semicircular windscreen was found is reported to have been a summer camp of Tom Wilson, a Death Valley Shoshone. Ibid., p. 359.
9. Inyo Independent, 24 April 1875.
10. Mining & Scientific Press, 18 March 1876, p. 181.
11. Report of the Director of the Mint, (1883), p. 53; Notice of Location, Wild Rose Spring, Rose Spring Mining District, located 31 July 1882, recorded 8 August 1882.
12. Location Notice, Inyo Silver Mine, Rose Spring Mining District, filed for record 2 January 1882 [1883], in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 154; Notice of Location, Blizzard Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, recorded 24 March 1883, located by Medbury and Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 315; Notice of Location, Valley View Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, recorded 24 March 1883, located by Medbury and, Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 314. A Valley View group of six claims adjoined the Skidoo and Cocopah mines in 1907, located and owned by A.C. Goacher and W. H. Siebert. Bullfrog Miner, 1 March 1907. Notice of Location, Argonaut Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, recorded 24 March 1883, located by J. Medbury and W.L. Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 312. Work was still being performed on the Argonaut property in 1906 by a W. L. Skinner. Index to Proof of Labor Books, Inyo Co., Book G, p. 190; Notice of Location, Jeanetta Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, recorded 24 March 1883, located by J. Medburry [sic] and W.L. Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 311.
13. Inyo Independent, 2 August 1884. The district is often referred to as White Rose" in this article, while other newspaper accounts frequently allude to "White Rose Spring"; Inyo Independent, 26 July 1884.
14. Report of the Director of the Mint (1885), p. 103.
15. Minutes of Formation of Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 433, recorded 10 April 1888 with Inyo County recorder. See Appendix B for full transcript of minutes.
16. Rhyolite Herald, 1 September 1905, p. 8.
17. Notice of Location, Weehawken Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, located 24 January 1889 by William Harrigan and Joe Danielson, recorded 31 January 1889, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, no page; Notice of Location, Antimony Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, located 23 January 1889 by Harrigan & Danielson, recorded 31 January 1889, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, no page; Notice of Location, Consolidation Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, located 2 January 1896 by Charles Anthony, recorded 7 January 1896, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, p. 46.
18. Handbook of Nevada Mines, 1906, published by the Goldfield News, p. 87, Nevada Historical Society, Reno, Nevada.
20. Inyo independent, 23 March 1906; Ibid., 16 February, 22 March 1924.
21. Ibid., 11 May 1906. In 1906 a big strike was reported on the Last Hike Claim, formerly owned by Tom Knight and others, with assays running up to $2,000 a ton. The property was now owned by A.V. Carpenter. In 1908 the Last Hike Claim was mentioned as being in the Skidoo area. Rhyolite Herald, 15 June 1906, Bullfrog Miner, 21 March 1908.
22. Rhyolite Herald, 22 June 1906, p. 9; 6 July 1906, p. 7; and 20 July 1906, p. 8.
23. Inyo Independent, 6 July 1906.
25. Rhyolite Herald, 14 September 1906.
26. Inyo Independent, 9 November 1906.
28. Ibid., 28 December 1906, 14 August 1908.
29. Notice of Location, Combination-Goldfield and Nevada-Tonopah, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, p. 243; Notice of Location, Wild Rose Annex #1, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, p. 152; Notice of Location, Oro Blanco Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, p. 44; Notice of Location, Taylor Mining Claim, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, p. 152.
30. Inyo Independent, 3 May 1907.
31. Inyo Independent, 24 May 1907, 28 February 1908.
32. Inyo Register, 20 August 1914; 19 October 1916.
33. Inyo Independent, 25 June 1909 (1); Ibid., 28 February 1925, 3 April 1926 (2); Ibid., 13 June 1925, 24 October 1925, 1 January 1927 (3); Ibid., 13 June 1925, 24 October 1925, 1 January 1927 (4); Ibid., 12 June 1926 (5); Ibid., 18 September 1926, 19 February 1927 (6); Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 22 (October 1926): 482 (7); Inyo Independent, 25 December 1926 (8); Ibid., 7 May 1927 (9); Ibid., 21 May 1927, 28 May 1927, 28 January 1928 (10); Ibid., 21 May 197 (11); Ibid., 21 May 1927, 9 July 1927 (12); Ibid., 3 September 1927, (13); Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938): 423 (14).
34. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 36 (January 1940): 10, 23; Memo, Superintendent, DEVA NM, to Director, WRO, on Mining Claim Locations, 6 April 1960, pp. 3, 5; Memo, Matt Ryan to C/R, on Active Mining Claims of the Emigrant District., 1 March 1962.
35. Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims, pp. 42-43; F. Ross Holland, Jr., Recommendations for Historic Preservation and Historical Studies Management Plan for Death Valley National Monument (Denver: DSC, NPS, 1972) pp. 27-28; William Tweed, comp., Cultural Resources Survey Death Valley National Monument 2 vols. (San Francisco: NPS, Western Regional Office, Division of Historic Preservation, 1976), 2:316-18; Labbe, Rocky Trails, p. 141; Robert J. Murphy, Supt., DEVA NM, "Informational Statement, Wildrose Station Concession," 1 December 1970, history files, DSC.
36. Panamint News, 9 March 1875.
37. W.A. Chalfant, excerpt from "The Story of Inyo," in Inyo Register, 8 January 1914.
39. Carl I. Wheat, "Pioneer Visitors to Death Valley After the Forty-Niners," California Historical Society Quarterly, 18 (1939), p. 7.
40. Index to Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 30.
41. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, and Index to Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 33.
42. Inyo Independent, 12 July 1884; Mining & Scientific Press, 5 April 1890, p. 232.
43. Mining & Scientific Press, 2 April 1887, p. 224.
44. Notice of Location, Antimony Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D; Notice of Location, Antimony Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 463.
45. Inyo Independent, 3 January 1890.
46. Mining & Scientific Press, 11 January 1890, p. 22.
47. Engineering and Mining Journal, 21 November 1891, p. 585; Ibid., 2 January 1892, p. 6.
48. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Twelfth Report of the State Mineralogist (Sacramento: J.D. Young, 1894), p. 21; Inyo Register, 23 August 1894.
49. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, pp. 41, 42, 47; Paul H. Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Kennedy-Kuehl Property, Death Valley National Monument, California," July 1972, DEVA NM mining office.
50. Inyo Independent, 2 March 1900; Ibid., 27 April 1900; Inyo Register, 3 May 1900; Inyo Independent, 18 May 1900; Engineering and Mining Journal, 2 June 1900, p. 657; Inyo Register, 2 August 1900.
51. Engineering and Mining Journal, 29 September 1900, p. 377; Inyo Independent, 12 July 1901.
52. Engineering and Mining Journal, 16 November 1901, p. 644.
53. Inyo Independent, 18 April 1902; Ibid., 26 June 1903.
54. Ibid., 13 September 1907; Inyo Register, 16 April 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 8 July 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 19 December 1908.
56. Ibid.; Rhyolite Herald, 19 May 1909; Inyo Independent, 21 May 1909; Plat of the Claim of George Montgomery et al known as the Antimonium Group of Mines embracing the Monarch, Combination and Monopoly Quartz Mines in Wild Rose Mining District, Inyo County, California, Surveyed August and September, 1906, Mineral Survey #4530, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Record of Patents, No. 83129, 30 June 1908, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Paul H. Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Monarch-Combination-Monopoly Group, Death Valley National Monument, California," July 1972, p. 1.
57. 24 September 1914. The Independent reported that the mine was sold in August 1914 by A.W. Eibeshutz, Geo. A. Smith, and J.S. Stotler to L.C. Mott. 17 September 1915. Archeologists have found two locations in Wildrose Canyon showing evidence of having been the site of heavy machinery and possibly of vats. Courtesy of Western Archeological Center. Two men, Walter Hoover and 'Red" Collins, set up a small mill at Wildrose Spring in 1936 that never operated. One of these ruins might be the remains of that enterprise. A newspaper article in 1901 mentions that "the boiler and engine of the old Banner or Wild Rose mill has been sold by Dr. G.P. Doyle to the Messrs. Nolan for use in running machinery at the Montezuma concentrating plant." Inyo Independent, 28 June 1901. This same paper stated in 1936 that the Steinberg Bros. had just completed a mill at Wildrose that was running twenty-four hours a day, with a capacity of twenty tons daily. 10 April 1936.
58. Inyo Register, 26 November 1914; Ibid., 21 January 1915; Mining & Scientific Press, 30 January 1915, p. 196.
59. Inyo Register, 15 April 1915; Mining World, 15 May 1915, p. 917.
60. Inyo Independent, 17 September 1915; Inyo Register, 16 December 1915; Inyo Independent, 8 December 1916; Engineering and Mining Journal, 3 March 1917.
61. Arthur S. Eakle, Emile Huguenin, R.P. McLaughlin, and Clarence A. Waring, Mines and Mineral Resources of Alpine County, Inyo County, Mono County (Sacramento: Calif. St. Prtg. Off., 1917), p. 56.
62. D.E. White, "Antimony deposits of the Wildrose Canyon area, Inyo County, California," USGS Bulletin No. 922-K (Washington: GPO, 1940), p. 308.
63. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 17 of the State Mineralogist (1920), p. 273; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 22 of the State Mineralogist (1926), p. 462.
64. White, "Antimony deposits of the Wildrose Canyon area," p. 308; Mining Journal, 30 June 1939, p. 24 Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938): 378.
65. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951): 36-37; Mark Massie, "Appraisal of Patented Mining Claims, Boeckerman/Dresselhaus/Rink Property, Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California, As of April 16, 1972," DEVA NM mining office.
66. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist (1917), pp. 61-62.
67. Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Monarch-Combination-Monopoly Group," pp. 4, 10; White, "Antimony deposits of the Wildrose Canyon area," pp. 308, 316, 324; Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Kennedy-Kuehl Property," pp. 5, 7.
68. Engineering and Mining Journal, 3 March 1917, p. 396; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951): 28.
69. White, "Antimony deposits of the Wildrose Canyon area," p. 325; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Antimony, Graphite, Nickel, Potash, Strontium, Tin: Preliminary Report No. 5 (Sacramento: Calif. St. Prtg. Off., 1918).
70. Wallace and Taylor, "Archaeology of Wild Rose Canyon.," p. 356.
71. Water Location, Lower Emigrant Spring, located 11 June 1904 by J.R. McCormack, in Land and Water Claims, Mill Sites, Book A, p. 253, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
72. Belden, Mines of Death Valley, p. 54.
73. Hubbard et al., Ballarat 1897-1917, p. 88.
74. G.A. Waring, "Springs of California," USGS Water-Supply Paper 338 (Washington: GPO, 1915), p. 341.
75. Edna Brush Perkins, The White Heart of Mojave: An Adventure with the Outdoors of the Desert (New York: Boni and Liveright, Inc., T2), pp. 141.
76. Archeologists have found scattered historical trash in the vicinity of this flat area, and have also located another tunnel across the road from Wildrose Spring containing evidence of historic human occupation. According to their information this area was part of the Monday Mining Claim, originally belonging to the Monday Mining Corporation and later owned by the Journigan brothers in the 1930s. Courtesy of Western Archeological Center. As mentioned earlier, Walter Hoover and a "Red" Collins set up a mill at Wildrose Spring in 1936. It never operated because the two men came into disagreement and each moved away his share of the machinery. Whether this mill might have been located in the' vicinity of the cave house is not known. Reportedly Hoover and his family lived for a while after the splitup in a shack at Wildrose Spring.
77. Rhyolite Herald, 12 May 1909.
78. Notice of Location, Eureka No. 1 Claim, Record Book F, Wild Rose Mining District, pp. 348-49, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
79. Bullfrog Miner, 25 April 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 20 May 1908.
80. The Pacific Miner, August 1908.
81. Bullfrog Miner, 14 November 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 18 November 1908.
82. Bullfrog Miner, 19 December 1908.
83. Bullfrog Miner, 5 December 1908. According to the Miner of 19 December, the lessees were asking as much as $30,000 to suspend their operations.
84. Ibid., 9 January 1909; 13 February 1909.
85. Inyo Independent, 5 March 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 20 March 1909.
86. Inyo Independent, 3 January 1920 15 July 1922.
89. Memo, 6 April 1960, DEVA NM mining office; Memo, 1 March 1962, DEVA NM mining office; Sonora (Ca.) Daily Union Democrat, 22 September 1971.
90. Panamint News, 9 March 1875.483
91. Chalfant, "The Story of Inyo," in Inyo Register, 8 January 1914.
92. Index to Proof of Labor, Inyo Co., Book G, p. 220, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Inyo Register, 9 April 1908; List of claimants and property, no date, DEVA NM mining office.
93. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Tenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist for Year Ending Dec. 1, 1890 (Sacramento: J.D. Young, 1890), 157-210; George W. Ramage, ed., The Mining Directory and Reference Book of the United States Canada and Mexico (Chicago: Poole Bros., 1892), p. 180; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Register of Mines and Minerals, Inyo County, California (San Francisco, 1902), p. 4; Poole Brothers, The Mining Directory and Reference Book of the United States Canada and Mexico (Chicago: Poole Bros., 1898), p. 2 10; Inyo Register, 10 December 1914; Wining, World, 13 February 1915 Eric, "Tabulation of Copper Deposits," in Jenkins, Copper in California, p. 240.
94. Field. survey, September 1978, by Linda W. Greene; LCS Survey by Bill Tweed and Ken Keane, December 1975.
95. Harold O. Weight, "A Summer Visit to the Panamints," in Desert Magazine, 23, no. 7 (July 1960), p. 9.
96. Tweed, Cultural Resources Survey, p. 295.
97. Panamint News, 9 March 1875, p. 5.
98. Deeds Filed in Office of County Recorder, Inyo Independent, 26 November, 31 December 1927.
99. Inyo Independent, 18 October 1930.
100. George Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry: Death Valley Prospector--Gold Miner (Littlerock, Ca.: South Antelope Valley Publishing Co., 1971), p. 136.
101. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 39 (January 1943): 59; 47 (January 1951): 56; Rhyolite Herald, 17 June 1908.
102. Memo, Matt Ryan to C/R, on Active Mining Claims of the Emigrant District, 1 March 1962.
103. Notices of Location, in Inyo County Mining Locations, Vol. 12, pp. 305-6; Vol. 48, p. 385, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
104. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, p. 91.
105. Decree of Settlement of Account and of Final Distribution In the Matter of the Estate of James P. Aguereberry, Dec., 5 August 1946, in Official Records, Vol. 65, pp. 596-97, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
106. 47 (January 1951): 46-47.
107. Rhyolite Herald, 1 September 1905.
108. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, pp. 55-63, 70-79; Caruthers, Loafing Along Death Valley Trails, pp. 57-58; C.B. Glasscock, Here's Death Valley (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1940), pp. 239-42; Hubbard et al., Ballarat, 1897-1917, pp. 66-68; Inyo Independent, 15 September 1905.
109. Rhyolite Herald, 18 August 1905. The new camp was referred to as Harrisberry, or Harrisbury, and in this article even as Harrisonville; Inyo Register, 24 August 1905; Rhyolite Herald, 1 September 1905.
110. Inyo Register, 14 September 1905; Inyo Independent, 15 September 1905.
111. Inyo Register, 21 September 1905.
112. Rhyolite Herald, 22 September 1905.
113. Ibid.; Inyo Register, 28 September 1905.
114. Rhyolite Herald, 6 October 1905; Inyo Register, 12 October 1905.
115. Inyo Independent, 13 October 1905. According to a later account, D.E. Blake was from Cripple Creek, and established his business in Ballarat, the first custom assay office to be opened in that town. J.H. Wilson, a civil engineer from Denver, also opened an office in that town. Which of the two accounts is accurate is not known. Inyo Independent, 20 October and 3 November 1905.
116. Inyo Independent, 3 November 1905, 16 February 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 30 November 1906.
117. Rhyolite Herald, 15 December 1905.
119. Rhyolite Herald, 22 December 1905; Inyo Register, 28 December 1905.
120. Inyo Register, 12 April 1906.
121. Rhyolite Herald, 13 April 1906.
122. Bullfrog Miner, 11 May 1906.
123. Rhyolite Herald, 14 September 1906.
124. Inyo Independent, 16 November 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 14 December 1906; 18 January 1907.
125. Rhyolite Herald, 11 and 18 January 1907.
127. Bullfrog Miner, 5 April 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
128. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 27 July and 3 August 1907.
129. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907.
130. Bullfrog Miner, 29 February 1908.
131. Ibid., 28 March 1908; Adams moved his enterprise to Skidoo after the Harrisburg boom ended, and, when activity there declined, moved back to Harrisburg Flats and built a cabin on the north rim about two miles from Aguereberry's cabin. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, pp. 79, 119, 121.
132. Rhyolite Herald, 18 November 1908, 6 and 20 January 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 9 January 1909.
133. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, pp. 81-97.
134. Rhyolite Herald, 14 July and 7 August 1909.
136. Bullfrog Miner, 11 September 1909. This article states that the mill started work with only three small stamps instead of the projected five.
137. Inyo Register, 17 November 1910; Rhyolite Herald, 14 January 1911.
138. Rhyolite Herald, 11 February 1911.
139. Ibid., 7, 21, 28 October, 23 December 1911, 20 January 1912; Inyo Independent, 19 July 1912.
140. Inyo Register, 10 July 1913, 11 June 1914.
141. Ibid., 24 September 1914; Engineering and Mining Journal, 6 March 1915, p. 468; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist (1917), p. 76.
142. Eakle et al., Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 75; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 22 (October 1926):466-67, 469; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):399.
143. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (January 1938):10; 34 (October 1938):391.
144. Calif. St Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):44.
145. Bullfrog Miner, 12 April 1907; Notices of Location, in Inyo County Mining Locations, Vol. 12, p. 304; Vol. 12, p. 305; Book 20, p. 5; Book 20, pp. 547-48.
146. Notice of Location, Quartz Claim, Independence Mine, in Inyo County Mining Locations, Vol. 11, pp. 115-16, and Vol. 12, p. 306; Alvin H. Lense, "Mineral Report on the South Independence, South Independence No. 1, East Independence, Independence No. 1, Independent, Independent No. 2, and Independent No. 3 Unpatented Mining Claims in the Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California," July 1974, pp. 1, 11, 20-21; Notices of Location, Quartz Claims, in Inyo County Mining Locations, East Independence Mine, Vol. 10, p. 469; South Independence Mine, Vol. 25, p. 234; South Independence No. 1, Vol. 25, pp. 234-35; Independent Mine, Vol. 10, pp. 466-67; Independent No. 2, Vol. 10, pp. 467-68; Independent No. 1, Vol. 10, p. 467; Independent No. 3, Vol. 10, p. 468; Independent No. 4, Vol. 10, pp. 468-69; South Independent No. 3, Vol. 48, p. 385.; Decree of Settlement . . . of the Estate of James P. Aguereberry, Dec., 5 August 1946.
147. Memo, Matt Ryan to C/R, on Active Mining Claims of the Emigrant District, 1 March 1962.
148. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, passim.
149. Decree of Settlement . . . of the Estate of James P. Aguereberry, Dec., 5 August 1946.
150. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
151. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 15 (1915-16):75-76; Nolan, "Nonferrous-metal deposits," USGS Bulletin 871, p. 37; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 31 (1938):391, and Journal of Mines and Geology, 53 (19 57):459.
152. Levy, Historical Background Study Historical Base Map No. 5.
153. Inyo Independent, 5 December 1874; Notice of Location, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book B, p. 230. More information on the Nossano brothers will be found in the section on the Blue Bell Mine.
154. Certificate of Labor, Star of the West, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book B, p. 200; Mining & Scientific Press, 24 April 1875, p. 268.
155. Inyo Independent, 11 March 1876. The mine was listed as assessable property of the Inyo Consolidated Silver Mining Co. on the Inyo Co. Delinquent Tax-List for 1876. Ibid., 3 February 1877.
156. Levy, Historical Background Study Historical Base Map No. 5. Also see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1876, App. JJ (Washington: GPO, 1877), p. 65.
157. Inyo Independent, 5 December 1874. Mention of this mine also appears in the Independent, 27 February 1875, and Panamint News, 9 March 1875.
158. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book B, p. 305.
159. Panamint News, 25 February 1875; News concerning one or the other of these two North Star mines appears in Panamint News, 23 March 1875; Mining & Scientific Press, 5 June 1875, p. 364, and 26 June 1875, p. 413.
160. Mining & Scientific Press, 24 April 1875, p. 268.
161. Inyo Independent, 19 February 1876; 11 March 1876.
162. Mining & Scientific Press, 18 March 1876, p. 181.
163. Coso Mining News, 29 April 1876.
165. Mining & Scientific Press, 3 June 1876, p. 357.
166. Inyo Independent, 3 February 1877.
167. Location Notice, Mohawk Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 313. Another Mohawk Lode, above the Wonder Mine near Panamint City, was filed on in 1874. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book B, pp. 50, 152. The North Star was not referred to as the Mohawk until about 1883.
168. Inyo Independent, 26 July 1884.
169. Ibid., 2 August 1884; Report of the Director of the Mint (1885), p. 163.
170. Mining & Scientific Press, 14 September 1889, p. 204.
171. Location Notice, Morning Star Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, p. 44; Inyo Independent, 21 August 1903; Ibid., 22 November 1884; Report of the Director of the Mint (1885), p. 163; Notice of Location, Valley View Mine, recorded 24 March 1883, located by Medbury and Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 314; See also "Geographical Map of Skidoo," 1907, published in George Koenig, "23" Skidoo and Panamint Too!, Death Valley '49ers Keepsake No. 11 (San Bernardino, Ca.: Inland Printing & Engraving Co., 1971), p. 9.
172. Notices of Location, North Star Nos. 1-6, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, pp. 146-51.
173. James H. Bennett and Roy Journigan Correspondence, cited in Memo, Park Naturalist, DEVA NM, to Supt., DEVA NM, on Interpretive Signs, 16 May 1952; Acting Assoc. Reg. Dir., WRO, to Field Solicitor's Office, San Francisco, 2 January 1975, p. 1, DEVA NM mining office; Inyo Independent, 7 July, 25 August, 20 October, 24 November 1923. A single stamp remaining from one of the site's stamping operations lies alongside the Emigrant Canyon Road below the present mill ruins. A 1908 issue of the Inyo Register notes that John Hoppes (Hobbs?) Wilson and associates (assayers and mining engineers at Skidoo) had acquired the water rights to Burro and Quail springs and were planning to open a custom mill in Emigrant Canyon about one-half mile above Jack Hartigan's roadhouse at an elevation of 4,365 feet. Water was to be piped to the ten-stamp mill via Burro Canyon. A small electrical plant would be operated in addition to the reduction works. 23 January 1908. The Poppy Group was located two miles west of the Skidoo camp. Bullfrog Miner, 25 January 1908.
174. Memo, Park Naturalist, DEVA NM, to Supt., DEVA NM, 16 May 1952; Land and Water Claims, Inyo Co., Book C, p. 288; Record of Ownership of Gold Bottom Mill Site, DEVA NM mining office; Actg. Assoc. Reg. Dir., WRO, to Field Solicitor's Office, 2 January 1975, p. 2; John R. White, Supt., DEVA NM, to the Dir., NPS, 31 December 1937.
175. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):420-21.
176. Journigan to O'Donnell, Agreement of Sale, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 31 January 1940, Book 48, p. 1, amended 18 January 1940, and recorded 31 January 1940, Book 48, p. 5, in Record of Ownership of Gold Bottom Mill Site, DEVA NM mining office; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):381; Ibid., 36 (January 1940):10; Actg. Assoc. Reg. Dir., WRO, to Field Solicitor's Office, 2 January 1975; Journigans to Del Norte Mining Co., in Official Records, Inyo Co., deed recorded 6 January 1958, Vol. 130, p. 397, in Record of Ownership, DEVA NM mining office; Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (1951):45.
177. Quitclaim to Stivers, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 6 January 1958, Vol. 130, p. 410; Quitclaim to Troeger, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 6 January 1958, Vol. 130, p. 406; Lease, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 29 October 1951, Book 94, p. 157; James B. Thompson, Supt., DEVA NM, to Reg. Dir., WRO, 20 December 1974.
178. Ridgecrest (Ca.) Times-Herald, 11 February 1954; Fred W. Binnewiess, Supt., DEVA NM, to Reg. Dir., Region Four, 6 January 1955.
179. Quitclaim deed, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 8 April 1954, Vol. 109, p. 327.
180. David E. Hinckle to Robert Mitcham, 31 January 1974.
181. Deed, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 9 May. 1967, Vol. 177, p. 947.
182. Sonora (Ca.) Daily Union Democrat, 22 September 1971; Harold E. Thompson, Actg. Supt., DEVA NM, to Larry E. Moss, Sierra Club, 8 September 1971.
183. T. R. Goodwin, Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., WRO, 21 June 1940.
184. DEVA NM mining office; Inyo Independent, 18 March 1938.
185. Inyo Independent, 24 March 1939; 2 June 1939.
187. Mining Journal, 15 August 1940, p. 17.
188. Ibid., 30 December 1940, p. 16.
189. Ibid., 15 April 1941, p. 23.
190. Crowe to James B. Thompson, Supt., DEVA NM, 12 June 1975.
191. Rhyolite Herald, 10 August 1906.
192. Mining & Scientific Press, 19 July 1873, p. 87.
193. Notice of Location, Sunset Silver Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 317.
195. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):52.
196. Bullfrog Miner, 6 July 1907.
197. Inyo Register, 25 March 1909; Rhyolite Herald, 7 April 1909.
198. Milo Page, "Old Panamint History," in Inyo Register, 19 July 1906. Inyo Independent, 5 December 1874. Mention was found as early as 1873 of a Blue Belle Mine in the Panamint District, but this probably refers to the property of that name situated on the east side of Marvel Canyon near the Wyoming Mine, just south of Panamint City. The Garibaldi Mine was not referred to as the Blue Bell until the early 1880s. Mining & Scientific Press, 19 July 1873, p. 87. Notice of Location, Blue Bell Mine, filed 2 January 1882, in Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 304; In 1872 the Inyo Range contained a Blue Bell (Belle) Mine that was being worked by one or two men and occasionally reported on. Mining & Scientific Press, 3 February 1872, p. 68; By 1899 a Blue Bell Mine was operating in Snow Canyon, fourteen miles southeast of Darwin. Engineering and Mining Journal, 25 February 1899.
199. Inyo Independent, 2 January 1875; Panamint News, 9 March 1875.
200. Inyo Independent, 6 March 1875.
201. Panamint News, 9 March 1875.
202. Inyo Independent, 3 April 1875.
203. Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907; Mining & Scientific Press, 24 April 1875, p. 268.
204. Inyo Independent, 19 February 1876; 26 February 1876; 11 March 1876; Page, in Inyo Register, 19 July 1906.
205. Mining & Scientific Press, 18 March 1876, p. 181.
206. Ibid.; Coso Mining News, 29 April 1876.
207. Coso Mining News, 29 April 1876; 6 May 1876.
208. Inyo Independent, 3 June 1876.
209. Page, in Inyo Register, 19 July 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907. The property was probably abandoned around 1877, for in that year the Inyo Consolidated Silver Mining Company appeared on the Inyo Co. Delinquent Tax-List for 1876. In addition to other properties, they were being assessed for 1,500 feet at $2 per foot in the Garibaldi Mine. Inyo Independent, 3 February 1877.
210. Mining & Scientific Press, 10 May 1884, p. 324.
211. Land, Water and Mining Locations, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 316.
212. Report of the Director of the Mint (1884), p. 163.
213. Mining & Scientific Press, 10 May 1884, p. 324; Inyo Independent, 26 July 1884; 2 August 1884.
214. Inyo Independent, 22 November 1884.
215. Notice of Location, Silver Queen Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E; Notice of Location, Silver Queen Mine, in ibid., Inyo Co., Book D.
216. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Register of Mines and Minerals (1902), p. 5.
217. Engineering and Mining Journal, 25 February 1899; Inyo Register, 2 August 1906.
218. Rhyolite Herald, 3 August 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907.
219. Rhyolite Herald, 31 August 1906; 14 January 1911; Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907.
220. Memo, DEVA NM mining office, 6 April 1960; List of Claimants and Property, no date, DEVA NM mining office.
221. Paul H. Knowles, "Mineral Report of the Blue Bell Group, Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California," 29 March 1974, p. 11, DEVA NM mining office.
222. Coso Mining News, 29 April 1876.
223. Rhyolite Herald, 4 January 1907.
224. Inyo Register, 8 June 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 29 June 1906; Inyo Independent, 24 April 1908. One of the best known mining men of the West, Montgomery had been engaged in California and Nevada mining since 1891. He was a pioneer of Tonopah and Goldfield and also heavily interested in the Bullfrog District, where he had located the fabulous Montgomery-Shoshone Mine. Previous to this he had been involved in mining activities in Washington and Idaho.
225. Bullfrog Miner, 13 July 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 6 April 1906, 27 July 1906.
226. Figures given for this pipeline are at best approximations. Little agreement could be found on any of the figures relating either to the length of the pipeline (18 to 30 miles), the amount of water tapped (30 to 50 miner's inches), the amount of pressure to be sustained (350 to 800 feet per square inch), the amount of horsepower to be generated (38 to 60.h.p.), or the final cost ($250,000 to $375,000). Bullfrog Miner, 13 July, 3 August 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 3 August 1906, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 26 April, 14 December 1907; Inyo Independent, 31 January 1908; Report on Granite Contact Mines Co., 1 March 1908, MS #833 in Nevada Historical Society, Reno; Rhyolite Herald, 13 January 1909, and Pictorial Supplement, March 1909.
227. Bullfrog Miner, 13, 20 July 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 20 July 1906.
228. Bullfrog Miner, 31 August 1906.
229. Rhyolite Herald, 3 August 1906.
230. Inyo Register, 6 September 1906; Inyo Independent, 30 November 1906.
231. Rhyolite Herald, 7 September 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 5 October 1906.
232. Rhyolite Herald, 14 September 1906.
233. Ibid., 21, 28 September 1906, 15 February 1907.
234. Ibid., 28 September 1906; Inyo Register, 4 October 1906.
235. Rhyolite Herald, 2 November 1906 Bullfrog Miner, 2 November 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 16 November 1906; Inyo Independent, 16, 30 November 1906, 19 April 1907.
236. Bullfrog Miner, 30 November, 7 December 1906; Inyo Independent, 21 December 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 4 January 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 11 January 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 18 January 1907.
237. Rhyolite Herald, 18 January, 8, 15, 22 February, 22 March.
238. Bullfrog Miner, 22 February 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 15 March 1907.
239. Rhyolite Herald, 15, 22 March, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 22 February, 12, 26 April, 17, 24 May 1907; Inyo Independent, 19 April 1907. Shorty Harris was one of the miners residing at Emigrant Spring. An amusing story found in the Bullfrog Miner relates that on 7 March 1907 he was instructed at gunpoint by two desperadoes who had invaded his room in Jack Hartigan's lodging house to turn over a quitclaim deed for his interest in the Bullfrog Miner and Bullfrog Miner No. 1 claims, located on Sheep Mountain in the Wild Rose Mining District, under threat of "scattering his brains about the room." Shorty reported the deed at once to authorities in Rhyolite and it is assumed that the wrong was somehow rectified. It is one of the few instances in which Shorty seemed unable to talk himself out of a tight situation. 15 March 1907.
240. Inyo Register, 7 March 1907; Inyo Independent, 5 April 1907.
241. Bullfrog Miner, 22 February 1907; Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 9 October 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 18 October 1907.
242. Reported in the Bullfrog Miner, 12 April 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 29 March 1907.
243. Inyo Independent, 19 April 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 26 April 1907.
244. Bullfrog Miner, 12, 26 April 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
245. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
246. Inyo Independent, 19 April 1907.
248. Ibid.; Ibid., 3 May 1907.
249. Bullfrog Miner, 10 May 1907.
250. Ibid., 8 June, 7 September 1907; Inyo independent, 14, 21 June 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 22 November 1907.
251. Bullfrog Miner, 15, 22 June, 6 July, 14 September 1907; Inyo Independent, 13 September 1907.
252. Inyo Register, 17 October 1907.
253. Ibid.; Rhyolite Herald, 18 October 1907.
254. Rhyolite Herald, 25 October 1907.
255. Bullfrog Miner, 23 November 1907.
256. Rhyolite Herald, 13 December 1907.
257. Bullfrog Miner, 26 October, 14 December 1907, 25 January 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 13 December 1907, 13 January 1909; Mining & Scientific Press, 1 April 1911, p. 479.
258. Bullfrog Miner, 4 January 1908.
259. Inyo Independent, 7 February 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 28 March 1908; Inyo Register, 9 April, 25 June 1908.
260. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 20, 22, 23 April 1908; Inyo Register, 30 April 1908. Lovers of the perverse may check Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims, p. 15, for a look at the famous photo.
261. Inyo Independent, 1 May 1908. A full account of the testimony of a few principal witnesses to the shooting before a coroner's jury may be found here.
262. Inyo Register, 30 April 1908.
263. Inyo Independent, 15 May 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 23 May, 6, 20 June 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 3 June 1908.
264. Rhyolite Herald, 24 June, 29 July 1908; Mining World, 31 October 1908, p. 682.
265. Inyo Independent, 31 July, 4 September 1908; Inyo Register, 6 August 1908; Engineering and Mining Journal, 15 August 1908, p. 345.
266. Inyo Independent, 4 September 1908.
267. Ibid., 11 December 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 10 March 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 13 March 1909.
268. Inyo Independent, 28 August 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 19 September 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 23 September 1908.
269. Rhyolite Herald, 14 October, 25 November 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 28 November 1908.
270. Bullfrog Miner, 28 November 1908.
271. Inyo Register, 12 November 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 14 November 1908.
272. Rhyolite Herald, 13, 20 January 1909, 8 January 1910; Inyo Independent, 5 March 1909; Inyo Register, 18 March 1909.
273. Rhyolite Herald, March 1909 (Pictorial Supplement), 21 April, 7, 31 July 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 24 April 1909; Inyo Register, 1 July 1909; Inyo Independent, 2 July 1909; Mining World, 22 January 1910, p. 172.
274. Inyo Independent, 24 September 1909.
275. Inyo Register, 28 October, 2 December 1909, 28 April, 1 December 1910; Rhyolite Herald 1, 8 January, 28 May, 27 August, 31 December 1910.
276. Mining & Scientific Press, 20 August 1910, p. 242. It should be noted also that the Granite Contact property of eight claims was still active at this time and being advertised for patent. Rhyolite Herald, 14 January 1911.
277. Rhyolite Herald, 21 January, 1 April 1911.
278. Mining World, 25 May 1912, p. 1109.
279. Engineering and Mining Journal, 5 July 1913, p. 42; 13 September 1913, p. 520; 4 October 1913, p. 665; Mining World, 4 October 1913, p. 611.
280. Mining World, 7 November 1914, p. 902.
281. J. H. Cooper, "The Skidoo Gold Mines, Data Supplemental to General Report," n.d., n.p., DEVA NM mining office.
282. Inyo Register, 21 January 1915; Engineering and Mining Journal, 20 November 1915, p. 835.
283. Engineering and Mining Journal, 22 September 1917, p. 539, 6 October 1917, p. 621; Inyo Register, 4 October 1917; Memo, Supt., DEVA NM, to Reg. Dir., 12 May 1952.
284. Perkins, White Heart of Mojave, pp. 160, 164. Could this have been Sam Adams who lived at Harrisburg?
285. Inyo Independent, 9 January 1926; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 22 of the State Mineralogist (1926), p. 473; Mining Journal, 28 February 1929, p. 33. See the following section on the Saddle Rock Mine.
286. Inyo independent, 10 April, 29 May, 10 July 1936; Memo, Robert Mitcham, "Historical Information on Del Norte and Skidoo Mines," DEVA NM mining office; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):379, 394-95, 42O21; Mining Journal, 30 June 1939, p. 24; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):43, 51.
287. Inyo Independent, 18 June, 8 October, 19 November 1937; Memo, T. R. Goodwin to Joseph E. Taylor, 13 June 1937; Roy C. Troeger to Col. John R. White, regarding application for permit to reconstruct Telescope Peak pipeline, 20 November 1937; John R. White, Memorandum regarding application of Roy Troeger to reconstruct Telescope Peak-Skidoo pipe line, Th December 1937; J. Volney Lewis, "The Application for a Permit to Re-build the Skidoo Pipe-Line in Death Valley National Monument," 5 January 1938.
288. Inyo Independent, 18 March 1938.
289. Journal of Mines and Geology, 36 (January 1940):10; Mining Journal, 15 August 1940, p. 17, 30 December 1940, p. 16; Inyo Independent, 20 December 1940.
290. Troeger to Goodwin, 11 January 1952; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):43, 51.
291. Memo, 1 March 1962, DEVA NM mining office; Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., WRO, on mining activity in Death Valley, 1 April 1971; Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 19.
292. "Field Notes of the Survey of the Mining Claim of The Skidoo Saddle Rock Mining Company Known as the Palma," Mineral Survey No. 4669, surveyed under instructions dated 2 October 1907"; "Field Notes of the Survey of the Mining Claim of The Skidoo Saddle Rock Mining Company Known as the Saddle Rock Consolidated Mine . . . , Mineral Survey No. 4670, surveyed under instructions dated 2 October 1907.
293. Bullfrog Miner, 30 November 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; Mining World, 11 May 1907, p. 606. Somewhat confusing is a January 1907 notice that Arthur Holliday, a mining and newspaper man of Los Angeles, had just purchased the interests of John A. Thompson in several claims, three of which were the Saddle Rock, Pima, and Palma. Rhyolite Herald, 11 January 1907. It is possible that Aldrich's purchase of the property was not actually consummated until spring of 1907.
294. Bullfrog Miner, 8 June 1907.
297. Plat of the Claim of the Skidoo Saddle Rock Mining Company Known as the Palma, Mineral Survey No. 4669, Surveyed October 1907; Plat of the Claim of the Skidoo Saddle Rock Mining Company Known as the Saddle Rock Consolidated Mine, Embracing the Saddle Rock Mine, Chespeak Fraction, and the Pima and K.K. Mines, Mineral Survey No. 4670, Surveyed October 1907.
298. Rhyolite Herald, 21 April 1909.
299. Inyo Independent, 27 August 1909.
301. Ibid., 16 February 1929; Long Beach (Ca.) Press-Telegram, 31 July 1929; Mining Journal, 30 August 1929, p. 33, and 30 December 1929, p. 33; World's Work, 49 (July 1930), p. 51.
302. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):39596.
303. Mining Journal, 30 July 1945, p. 20.
304. Memo, 6 April 1960; Memo, 1 March 1962; Mark Massie, "Appraisal of Patented Mining Claims, David L. Dotson Property, Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California, As of April 16, 1972," p. 10.
305. Massie, "Appraisal of . . . David L. Dotson Property," p. 10.
306. Paul H. Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Saddlerock-Dotson Claims (Skidoo District), Death Valley National Monument, California," 3 July 1972, p. 8.
307. Inyo Independent, 11 September 1875.
310. Notice of Location, Argonaut Mine, recorded 24 March 1883, located by J. Medbury and W.L. Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co.., Book D, p. 312; Notice of Location, Jeanetta Mine, recorded 24 March 1883, located by J. Medburry (sic) and W.L. Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 311.
311. Inyo Independent, 26 July 1884.
312. Palmer, Place Names, p. 53; Notice of Location, Susan B. Anthony Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, n.p.; Notice of Location, Maud S. Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 413.
313. Mining & Scientific Press, 14 September 1889, p. 204.
314. Location Notice, Nellie Grant Mine, located 3 January 1896, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, pp. 45-46.
315. Proof of Labor Books, Inyo Co., Book G, p. 190.
316. According to its Notice of Location filed on 24 March 1883, the Blizzard Mine was located by Medbury and Hunter 5-1/2 miles east of Emigrant Spring on the right-hand side of a trail leading from the Mohawk (North Star) Mine to the Blue Bell (Garibaldi) Mine, and about eight airline miles north of Telescope Peak. In Inyo Co. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Book D, p. 315. An 1883. location notice for an Inyo Silver Mine states it is three miles north of Rose Spring (Emigrant Spring?) and adjoins the southeast quarter of the Virgin Mine. In ibid., p. 154.
317. Mining & Scientific Press, 10 May 1884, p. 324.
319. Inyo Independent, 22 November 1884.
320. Page, in Inyo Register, 19 July 1906.
321. Record Book F, Wild Rose Mining District, p. 509; Inyo Independent, 29 October 1927.
322. Inyo Independent, 10 December 1937; 22 April 1938.
323. Ibid., 5 August 1938; 7 April 1939.
324. Ibid., 29 March 1940; 9 May 1941; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):52-53.
325. Russ Journigan to Harold E. Thompson, Actg. Supt., DEVA NM, 11 February 1974; Evans et al., Special Report 125, pp. 17, 19; Robert Mitcham, Mining Engineer, to Supt., DEVA NM, 25 April 1975.
326. L.S. Zentner, "Mineral Report for the Tucki Group of Lode Mining Claims in Death Valley National Monument, California," 14 March 1978, p. 2.
327. Rhyolite Herald, 13 and 20 January, 1909.
329. J.J. Vance, comp., "Geographical Map of Skidoo, Wild Rose Mining District, Inyo Co. California," 1907, in Koenig, Skidoo, p. 9.
330. Chuck Gebhardt, Backpacking Death Valley (San Jose: Mastergraphics, 1975), p. 74.
331. Belden, Historical Report, p. X-13.
332. Frank A. Crampton, Deep Enough: A Working Stiff in the Western Mine Camps (Denver: Sage Books, 1956), Preface. This date is open to question. One writer has stated that Lemoigne died in June 1918 at eighty-two years of age (Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims, p. 21) while another mentions that in 1898 Lemoigne was registered in the voting precinct at Ballarat as a miner, age fifty-six (Hubbard et al., Ballarat 1897-1917, p. 71). Death Valley Scotty remarked that he died in June 1918 at the age of seventy-seven (Houston, Death Valley Scotty Told Me--, p. 85).
333. Lee, Death Valley Men, p. 171; WPA, Death Valley: A Guide, p. 32; James B. Nosser, "The Story of 'Cap' Lemoigne," in Phil Townsend Hanna et al., Death Valley Tales, Death Valley '49ers Keepsake No. 3 (Palm Desert, Ca.: Desert Magazine Press, 1955), p. 40; Crampton, Deep Enough, p. 257; Frank A. Crampton to Fred W. Binnewiess, Supt., DEVA NM, 15 May 1956. One fact supporting an earlier arrival date in America for Lemoigne is a location notice for a mine filed by him in 1880.
334. It is interesting to note here that Frank Crampton, an acquaintance and biographer of Lemoigne, asserts that he read some of these letters from Daunet to Lemoigne requesting his presence and stating his confidence in the young man's ability to instill new life into the venture. Crampton also remarks that Lemoigne did not feel Daunet was the type of person to kill himself, and always suspected he was "done in" by people interested in his borax property. Crampton to Binnewiess, 15 May 1956.
335. Lee, Death Valley Men, pp. 171-72; Nosser, in Death Valley Tales, pp. 40, 41; Inyo Independent, 28 August 1920.
336. John Southworth, Death Valley in 1849: The Luck of the Gold Rush Emigrants (Burbank: Pegleg Books, 1978), p. 118; Index to Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 457, and Book E, pp. 17, 155-56, $35-36, and Land, Water and Mining Claims, Book E, p. 324.
337. Mining & Scientific Press, 12 April 1890, p. 250; Inyo Independent, 5 April 1895, and 7 February 1896.
338. Crampton to Binnewiess, 24 May 1956; Crampton, Deep Enough, p. 257.
339. Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, p. 113.
340. Pete Aguereberry, p. 126.
341. Mining & Scientific Press, 14 September 1899, p. 204.
342. Inyo Independent, 6 August 1897.
343. Ibid., 29 December 1899, and 15 April 1904.
344. Inyo Register, 26 October 1905.
345. Crampton to Binnewiess, 15 May 1956.
346. Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, pp. 119-24; Crampton, Deep Enough, n.p., contains a picture of the castle site at Garlic Spring.
347. Crampton to Binnewiess, 15 May 1956. Although Crampton insists on 1919 as Lemoigne's death date, a variety of other writers give June 1918 as the correct one. See Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, p. 127, and also WPA, Death Valley: A Guide, p. 32; Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims, p. 21, and Lee, Death Valley Men, p. 173, provide varying versions of this story. Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, p. 116, suggests 1917 as the date of death, with the body not being found until two years later.
348. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 90-92; Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, p. 116.
349. Houston, Death Valley Scotty Told Me--, p. 85.
350. Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, p. 116; Perkins, White Heart of Mojave, p. 138.
351. Inyo Independent, 21 February 1920.
352. Ibid., 14, 28 August, 11 September 1920; Inyo Co. Deed Book 34, p. 217; Inyo Co. Mining Locations, Book 23, pp. 579-81.
353. Inyo Independent, 28 August 1920.
354. Ibid., 2 October 1920, 1 December 1923.
356. Ibid., 28 June 1924, and 7 February, 4 April 1925.
357. Ibid., 20 March 1926, 22 May 1926; Mining Journal, 15 June 1926, p. 35.
358. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 22 of the State Mineralogist (1926) p. 488. The Kerdell lead Mine is the property located just southeast of the Lemoigne Mine, at about 5,800 feet elevation. The property was relocated as the Lone Ear Claim on 10 December 1954 by Roy Hunter. It is accessible by trail from the Lemoigne road about 1,000 feet below the mouth of Lemoigne Canyon from the parking area. It consisted at one time of twelve unpatented claims owned by the Gold Hill Dredging Co. and was worked on beginning in March 1949 when two adits and some drifts were dug. No record of production exists. Wayne E. Hall and Hal G. Stephens, Economic Geology of the Panamint Butte Quadrangle and Modoc District Inyo County California Special Report 73 (San Francisco: Calif. Div. of Mines and Geology, 1963), p. 36, hereafter cited as Special Report 73.
359. Long, "The Woman of Death Valley," p. 63.
360. Inyo Independent, 3 September 1937; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):443; Jenkins, Copper in California, p. 246.
361. Hall and Stephens, Special Report 73, p. 36. See chart on that page for annual production from the mine during period 1925 to 1953; Memo, 1 March 1962, DEVA NM mining office; "Geology, Ore Reserves and Development Program, Lemoigne Mining Claims, Inyo County, California," n.p., in mining office, WRO, San Francisco.
362. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 19.
363. Tweed, Cultural Resources Survey, pp. 233-41; Richard H. Brooks, Richard A. Wilson, Joseph P. King, Matt McMakin, A Historic and Prehistoric Reconnaissance of Four Mining Claims in Death Valley National Monument, Prepared for NPS, WAC, by contract with Arch. Research Center, UNLV Mus. of Nat. History, November 1977, pp. 4-5, 22-29, 40.
364. Crampton, Deep Enough, p. 257.
365. Crampton to Binnewiess, 24 May 1956.
366. Inyo Independent, 1 December 1923.
367. "Geology, Ore Reserves and Development Program, Lemoigne Mining Claims," n.p.; Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 19.
368. Crampton to Binnewiess, 15 May 1956.
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