The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942:
A New Deal Case Study

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Chapter 12
Endnotes

1. Ickes to Harold D. Smith, Jan. 4, 1940, Secretary of Interior, Records.

2. See E. K. Burlew, first assistant secretary of the interior, to A. Weatherwax, assistant representative, Department of the Interior, Advisory Council, CCC, July 26, 1940, ibid.

3. Roosevelt to Ickes, Jan. 25, 1940, ibid.

4. New York Times, Jan. 5, 1940.

5. Ibid., Feb. 4, 1940.

6. Ibid., March 28, April 26, 1940.

7. Ibid., March 28, 1940.

8. The Democratic party platform stated its intention to continue the CCC (see New York Times, July 18, 1940), while the Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie, based his appeal on issues far removed from the destruction of New Deal measures. See also Burns, pp. 442-451; Washington Post, June 2, 1940; Atlanta Constitution, June 26, 1940.

9. Persons to Selection Agents, June 26, 1940, C.R.M., Appendix VI, Document 701.

10. New York Times, Aug. 5, Nov. 24, 1940.

11. Ibid., Sept. 12, Nov. 1, 1940.

12. Ibid., Nov 24, 1940.

13. Advisory Council, Minutes, June 24, 1940.

14. Persons to State Directors, Sept. 16, 1940, C.R.M., Appendix VI, Document 716.

15. Wirth to Ickes, Nov. 5, 1940, Secretary of Interior, Records.

16. Frank Davidson to Paul Appleby, assistant secretary of agriculture, July 25, 1940, Files of the Secretary of Agriculture—Conservation.

17. New York Times, Sept. 22, 1940.

18. Roosevelt to McNutt, Sept. 18, 1940, Roosevelt Papers, O.F. 268, Box 11.

19. W. W. Alexander to Appleby, Sept. 30, 1940, Files of the Secretary of Agriculture—Conservation.

20. Saul A. Yager to Steve Early, Oct. 31, 1940, Roosevelt Papers, P.P.F. 6650: "Reaction to Dorothy Thompson last night tremendous . . . by all means keep Miss Thompson on the air."

21. Dorothy Thompson to Roosevelt, Oct. 18, 1940, ibid.

22. Roosevelt to Secretary of Agriculture, Alexander, and Wayne Coy, Oct. 18, 1940, ibid., O.F. 268, Box 11.

23. Miss Thompson to Roosevelt, Oct. 18, 1940, ibid., P.P.F. 6650.

24. McEntee to Roosevelt, Oct. 17, 1940, ibid., O.F. 268, Box 11.

25. Roosevelt to Miss Thompson, Oct. 29, 1940, ibid.

26. Appleby to Mastin G. White, solicitor, Department of Agriculture, Nov. 20, 1940, Files of the Secretary of Agriculture—Conservation.

27. R. W. Olmstead to Appleby, Dec. 16, 1940, ibid.

28. Olmstead to Appleby, Dec. 14, 1940, ibid.

29. Roy Hendrickson, chairman, Committee of Supervision, Mt. Sharon Camp, to Huessey, Dec. 19, 1940, ibid.

30. Smith to Roosevelt, undated, Roosevelt Papers, O.F. 268, Box 11.

31. Eleanor Roosevelt to Roosevelt, Dec. 26, 1940, ibid.

32. New York Herald Tribune, Dec. 28, 1940.

33. Rep. Albert Engel (Rep., Mich.) to Wickard, Jan. 4, 1941, Files of the Secretary of Agriculture—Conservation.

34. New York Times, Feb. 2, 1941.

35. Boston Herald, Feb. 12, 1941.

36. New York Times, Feb. 2, 1941.

37. Appleby to James H. Rowe, administrative assistant to the President, Feb. 6, 1941, Files of the Secretary of Agriculture—Conservation.

38. T. L. Danimen to Wickard, March 1, 1941, ibid.

39. New York Times, Feb. 9, 1941.

40. Shreveport Times, Feb. 12, 1941

41. Appleby to Engel, Feb. 4, 1941, Files of the Secretary of Agriculture—Conservation.

42. McEntee to Morrell, Feb. 17, 1941, ibid.

43. Olmstead to James H. Rowe, March 19, 1941, ibid. The college students took over an abandoned farmhouse where they lived communally, while calling on the government for financial support. Lack of funds eventually forced them to disband.

44. New York Times, March 4, 1941.

45. Harrisburg, Pa., News, June 10, 1941.

46. Philadelphia Ledger, Aug. 19, 1941.

47. Indianapolis Star, June 18 and 27, 1941.

48. Des Moines Register, June 11, 1942.

49. New York Times, June 3, 4, and 30, 1941.

50. Ibid., July 15, 1941.

51. Ibid., Aug. 17, 1941.

52. Termination of CCC Hearings, 1942, pp. 253-254.

53. New York Times, Aug. 13, Sept. 21, 1941.

54. Advisory Council, Minutes, Aug. 26, 1941. Selection agents disliked the new policy, which was not particularly successful.

55. Ibid., April 22, Sept. 23, 1941. Most of the new Negro companies were put to work on military reservations.

56. See Roosevelt to Ickes, Dec. 6, 1941, Roosevelt Papers, O.F. 268, Box 11; New York Times, Oct. 9, 12, and 25, Nov. 16, 19, and 24, Dec. 10, 1941.

57. New York Times, May 17, 1941.

58. Ibid., March 29, Oct. 5, 1941.

59. Ibid., Oct. 5, 1941.

60. Nonessential Federal Expenditures, Hearings, 1941, frontispiece.

61. New Republic, CVI (May 25, 1942), 720.

62. Nonessential Federal Expenditures, Hearings, 1941, frontispiece. The full committee was Byrd, chairman, Rep. Robert L. Doughton (Dem., N.C.), vice chairman; Sens. Walter F. George (Dem., Ga.), Robert M. La Follette, Jr. (Ind. Rep., Wis.), Carter Glass (Dem., Va.), McKellar, Gerald P. Nye (Rep., N.D.); Reps. Thomas H. Cullen (Dem., N.Y.), Allen T. Treadway (Rep., Mass.), Clarence Cannon (Dem., Mo.), Clifton A. Woodrum (Dem., Va.), and John Taber (Rep., N.Y.).

63. For information on McKellar, see Felix A. Nigro, "The Lilienthal Case," Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, XL (Sept., 1959), 147-158.

64. Nonessential Federal Expenditures, Hearings, 1941, pp. 1-20.

65. Ibid., pp. 7-8. Taber insisted the boys only did three hours' work a day. Byrd said they did not "average anything like" forty hours a week.

66. Ibid., p. 266.

67. Ibid., pp. 274, 290.

68. Ibid., p. 279.

69. Ibid., p. 281.

70. Ibid., p. 283.

71. Preliminary Report of the Joint Committee on the Reduction of Non-essential Federal Expenditures, Congress of the United States, 77th Congress, First Session, Document 152 (Washington, 1941), p. 4.

72. Ibid., pp. 11-16.

73. New York Times, Dec. 26, 1941.

74. Ibid., Jan. 8, 1942.

75. Rosenman, ed., Papers, XI, 98.

76. Roosevelt to McKellar, March 16, 1942, in Nixon, II, 548.

77. Roosevelt to Harold D. Smith, June 17, 1942, Roosevelt Papers, O.F. 268, Box 11.

78. Advisory Council, Minutes, Jan. 9 and 27, May 13, 1942; New York Times, April 26, 1942.

79. New York Times, April 18, 1942.

80. Advisory Council, Minutes, April 4, May 8, 1942.

81. Termination of CCC, Hearings, 1942, pp. 253-301.

82. Ibid., pp. 333-336.

83. Ibid., pp. 337-357.

84. Ibid., pp. 70-116, 280-325.

85. Ibid., pp 72-73.

86. Ibid., pp. 259-273.

87. Ibid., pp. 41-42, 297-304.

88. Ibid., pp. 523-540.

89. Ibid., p. 568.

90. Ibid., p. 569.

91. Roosevelt wrote to McNutt on April 1: "You have doubtless read the deliberately false statement of the Governor of Oklahoma, Mr. Phillips, in regard to CCC boys being in large proportion connected with crime and the courts. What do you think of your summoning or my summoning Governor Phillips to Washington to substantiate the charge? This would be fun as well as useful." Roosevelt Papers, O.F. 268, Box 11.

92. Termination of the CCC, Hearings, 1942, pp. 76-78, 278.

93. New York Times, May 5, 1942.

94. Ibid., June 4, 1942.

95. C.R., 77th Cong., 2nd Sess., Vol. 88, Pt. 4, pp. 4927-4940.

96. New York Times, June 5, 1942.

97. Baltimore Sun, June 7, 1942.

98. Chicago Tribune, June 6 and 27, 1942.

99. New York Herald Tribune, June 6, 1942.

100. C.R., 77th Cong., 2nd Sess., Vol. 88, Pt. 4, pp. 5600-5602, 5604-5605.

101. Ibid., p. 5612. Twenty-nine Democrats, two Republicans, one Independent, and Wallace voted for continuance. Eighteen Democrats and fourteen Republicans were ranged against continuance.

102. Chicago Tribune, June 27, 1942; C.R., 77th Cong., 2nd Sess., Vol. 88, Pt. 4, p. 5789.

103. C.R., 77th Cong., 2nd Sess., Vol. 88, Pt. 4, p. 5789.



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The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942: A New Deal Case Study
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