Capitol Reef Cultural Landscape Report

ENDNOTES

1 O'Bannon, Capitol Reef National Park: A Historic Resource Study. All of the historical information on the early settlement period of Fruita is taken from this study.

2 During the 1880s Behunin built a one-room stone cabin for his family further east of the valley. This building still stands, but is located outside the historic district boundaries, about six miles east of historic Fruita. It is individually eligible for the National Register.

3 Cora Smith, interview with Kathy McKoy, Richfield, UT, May 8, 1993. Smith is 'Tine Oyler's daughter. She reported that her father "was always looking for a way to make money, so him and a group of them made whiskey. . . they bootlegged. He never did it alone. There was always two or three of them." Interview tapes and transcript in park archives.

4 The first year that Wayne County Tax Assessment Rolls described land use is 1912. Uses are broken down into "farm," "fruit," grazing," and "other" (wasteland). In the 1920s the "farm" category is broken down into "improved" (i.e., irrigated) and "unimproved." For purposes of this study, any land listed as "farm," "improved," or "fruit" was considered as cultivated (and irrigated) land. The average acreage under cultivation for the 1912 to 1919 period, according to the tax assessment roll, was 88 acres; for 1920-1928, 111 acres; for 1930-1939, 107 acres. See Appendix C.

5 Cited in Davidson, Red Rock Eden, 22.

6 Cora Smith interview.

7 Acreages are taken from the Wayne County Tax Assessment Roll. The acreage reported in fruit-land may be underestimated throughout the historic period, due to the much higher value (i.e., higher taxes) on orchards. In 1930, irrigated farmland was assessed at $30 per acre; fruitland was assessed at $120 to $160 per acre. It was not until 1947 that lands were resurveyed and accurate acreages were established. See Appendix C.

8 Cora Smith interview.

9 Ibid.

10 Ibid.

11 Anne Snow, Rainbow Views, A History of Wayne County, 275.

12 Eugene Blackburn, phone communication with Kathy McKoy, June 14, 1993.

13 Cora Smith interview. Cora reported "They've been there forever. Whoever first lived in Fruita planted 'em."

14 Ibid.

15 According to the family, this tree is believed to have been ordered from Ohio by Brigham Young as a gift for church leaders to plant in the new settlement at Caineville, some miles east of Fruita. As the story goes, a delay of several months en route caused the tree to be planted instead at its current location to insure its survival. This oral tradition (relayed principally by Cass Mulford) was persuasive enough that the tree was identified in park master plans of 1965 and 1971 as a historic resource worthy of preservation and interpretation. The 1965 Master Plan even recommended installing barriers and erecting an interpretive device. Neither recommendation was implemented. For the story to be true, the tree must be at least 116 years old, for Brigham Young died in 1877. A core sample has never been taken of the tree to determine its age. Cora Smith and other area residents say they have never heard the story, thus further documentation is warranted to substantiate it.

16 Rows of poplars have long been a distinctive feature of the rural Mormon landscape throughout the state.

17 Mulford called his place "Diamond Ranch." He was the only property owner in Fruita who ever held many head of cattle or sheep.

18 Tanner, "River Commissioner's Report on the Lower Fremont River," June 10-July 10, 1937. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 660-05.7. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

19 This document, along with Mulford's testimony, raises serious questions regarding the accuracy of the Wayne County Tax Assessment Roll prior to World War II. "Improved" (irrigated) farmland and orchards were assessed higher taxes than unimproved, grazing or wasteland. In 1946 the under reporting of orchard acreage was presumably rectified by a resurvey of lands. It was "discovered" that twice the number of acres were planted in orchard than had been previously reported. Claud Baker served as the county tax assessor from 1932 to 1965.

20 Tanner, op. cit., 7.

21 Leon S. Stanley to Zion National Park Supt. P. P. Patraw, September 13, 1938. Record Group 79, Cont. #63181, Box 3, File CR801-02. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

22 A. Van V. Dunn, Hydraulic Engineer, ca. Dec. 1941. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

23 The last remaining building at the original CCC camp at Chimney Rock was totally destroyed by a fire set on Easter Sunday, April 6, 1947, by two high school boys from Bicknell. Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File 204-10. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

24 None of the CCC-constructed revetments remain, having been washed away years ago by repeated floods. Park files and photo archives.

25 Supt. Franke to the NPS Director, February 18, 1941. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 630. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

26 Memoranda dated April 9 and 21, 1942, Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File 204-10. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

27 ZION Supt. Chester Thomas to the NPS Regional Director, April 7, 1953. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 630. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO. None of these construction projects affected either the historic use or the appearance of the landscape in Fruita, including the section of historic road which passed through it, to any significant degree.

28 Harlan B. Stephenson (Landscape Architect), Monthly Narrative Report to Chief Architect, Resident NPS Branch of Plans and Design, Region IV, April 25-May 25, 1938. Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File CR 207.02. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

29 Revised Drawing NM CR-2002A (July 1938) depicts stone version of building. NPS, Denver Service Center's Technical Information Center, Denver, CO.

30 Charles Kelly to Supt. Charles Smith, July 29, 1945. Kelly suggested a steel flume be constructed to transport water from the Upper Ditch ("a very expensive piece of work") or that the NPS investigate drilling a well near the ranger station. Supt. Smith replied on August 3, 1945 that perhaps such a project could be implemented after the war when funds were available. Record Group 79, Cont. #63181, Box 3, File CR 660-05. Federal Record Center, Denver, CO.

31 Charles Kelly to Supt. Smith, October 25, 1943, Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 601, Federal Records Center, Denver, CO. Plans for construction of a new route for an improved highway were under consideration as early as the 1940s, when two alternatives through the monument were considered: through the Fremont River gorge, and through Pleasant Creek Valley, located south of the existing alignment. Later NPS development of their headquarters and visitor facilities hinged on the final decision.

32 Cora Smith interview. Smith said that buyers bought fruit by the truckloads to take back to Nebraska.

33 Dewey Gifford, interview with George Davidson, Toquerville, UT, June 2, 1983; contains more extensive list of varieties than those provided here. Park archives, oral history file.

34 Ibid.

35 Ibid.

36 Ibid. Park archives, oral history files. Gifford said he once had some small junipers in front of his motel but they were "trimmed" by the thick deer population. One evergreen that survived from the historic period is located in the picnic area sited on Doc Inglesby's place. It was reported to have been planted by him and is one of the few of this age in the valley.

37 Utah, A Guide to the State, 1941, 161.

38 The exception in Fruita was Cass Mulford, who considered himself a rancher as well as fruit grower. Mulford also hired out horses (and himself) for guided trail rides through the monument.

39 U. S. Census Office, Wayne County, UT, (1900) cited in O'Bannon, 29.

40 While Inglesby was married, his wife resided in Salt Lake City and never lived in Fruita. This was reported by Kelly in a monthly report noting her death.

41 A number of well-known people stayed at Inglesby's: artists Maynard Dixon, Conrad Buff, geologist Herbert Gregory, and author Wallace Stegner.

42 Utah, A Guide to the State, 1941, 468.

43 Charles Kelly, interview with Bob Halliday for article entitled "Kelly's Invasion," Salt Lake Tribune, ca. 1960. Park files.

44 Charles Kelly to Supt. Franke, October 22, 1942. Record Group 79, Container #63180, Box 2, file 620-58. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

45 Superintendent's Annual Report, July 1, 1942 to June 30, 1943. Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File 207-01.4. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

46 ZION Supt. Smith to the NPS Regional Director, May 3, 1950, regarding the Master Plan (completed 1952) for the monument. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File CR 600-01. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

47 Charles Kelly to Supt. Smith, June 9, 1957. Kelly complained that Smith's cattle trampled his garden, ruining his flower beds and fruit trees. He urged Supt. Smith to start condemnation proceedings against Cora Smith "since her property will have to be acquired eventually for a right of way." Park archives, monthly superintendent report file.

48 Charles Kelly. Quote contained in an autobiographical piece written for the Pony Express Courier in 1937. Cited in "Register of the Charles Kelly Collection," Utah State Historical Society. Salt Lake City, UT, 1976.

49 Charles Kelly, June 22, 1957. A very entertaining and informative report entitled "Public Relations," it gives Kelly's view of "locals" and the variety of problems he experienced in the monument. Record Group 79, Cont. #63182, Box 1, File A3815. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

50 Charles Kelly to Supt. Smith, August 8, 1944, Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 630. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

51 Charles Kelly to Supt. Smith, April 2, 1947, Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File 207-02.3. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

52 Numerous of Charles Kelly's monthly reports to Zion National Park cite figures for Easter weekend visitation. Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File 2027-02.3. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

53 Charles Kelly to Supt. Smith, August 25, 1945. Record Group 79, Cont. #63181, Box 3, File CR801-02. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

54 Charles Kelly to Zion National Park Supt. Smith, September 2, 1945, Record Group 79, Cont. #63181, Box 3, File CR801-02. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

55 Real Property Records, NPS, Rocky Mountain Regional Office, Denver, CO.

56 Charles Kelly to Supt. Smith, August 4, 1951, Record Group 79, Cont. #63181, Box 3, File CR801-02. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

57 Supt. Krueger to NPS Director, October 2, 1962. Park archives, monthly superintendents' reports.

58 NPS Branch of Lands, October 24, 1946. Report accompanied land appraisals for Fruita. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 610. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO. The list was compiled between 1940 and 1943.

59 Assessment Roll of Wayne County, Wayne County Courthouse, Loa, UT. Ownership of bee colonies was recorded only up to the 1920s. Pendleton was the first to keep bees in Fruita and he consistently kept the most colonies.

60 Charles Kelly to Regional Director M. R. Tillotson, August 3, 1954, Record Group 79, Cont. #919498, File L3019. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

61 Charles Kelly to NPS Director, December 1957. Park archives, monthly superintendents' reports.

62 W. B. McDougall, "Special Report, Capitol Reef National Monument," May 1940, Santa Fe, NM. Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File 40M/D-48, Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

63 Charles Kelly, "Annual Wildlife Report for Capitol Reef National Monument," 1950. Record Group 79, Cont. #63181, Box 3, File CR 710, Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

64 Charles Kelly, "Preliminary Report on Wildlife in Capitol Reef National Monument," December 10, 1949. Record Group 79, Cont. #63181, Box 3, File CR 710. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

65 Cora Smith interview. Another source (in park files) attributes their introduction to Doc Inglesby, but Mrs. Smith denied that, saying they were introduced by U.S. Fish and Wildlife.

66 Charles Kelly to Supt. Smith, July 1, 1946. Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File 207.02. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

67 "Alma Chesnut Property Purchase," Record Group 79, Container #63180, Box 2, File CR 601. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

68 Undated hand-written note. The "outside 2-holer pit toilet" was also mentioned. Record Group 79, Cont. #63179, Box 1, File CR 250-01. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

69 ZION Supt. Franke to Regional Director, March 12 1953. Franke makes specific reference to the Holt fruit cellar used as radio room. Another letter, dated September 4, 1952. from ZION Acting Supt. Chester A. Thomas to Kelly refers to the wooden water tank "located on the bench above your radio shack." Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File CR 620-58. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

70 Charles Kelly to Supt. Franke, April 20, 1943: "The old shed is down and the mess cleaned up. Makes a big improvement." Kelly also plastered and papered the house and painted the woodwork. Record Group 79, Cont. #63189, Box 2, File CR 620-58. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

71 Charles Kelly to ZION Supt. Smith, March 8, 1947. Two of the trees had been blown down and were blocking the driveway to the house; Kelly wrote that the row of trees had been killed by fire "many years ago." Record Group 79, Cont. #63 180, Box 2, File CR630. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

72 ZION Supt. Paul Franke to NPS Regional Director, March 12, 1953. Elsewhere, Kelly refers to the privy as "WPA" suggesting it was not original to the farm, but constructed by the CCC during their years in the park.

73 The parcel of land on which the Holt house was located was 7 acres. The additional land grant ed to Kelly for agricultural use was most likely land located further east and just south of Oyler's property where 8 acres of orchard had been washed out in 1939. It is not known if Kelly cultivated this piece of land, or if he just cultivated the orchards near his house.

74 This vegetable garden appears in historic photographs taken in 1941 of Alma Chesnut's property. (Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File CR601, Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.) It appears to have been used as such up until several years ago by NPS staff who lived in the house.

75 Drawing CR NM 2010, Oct. 1952, "Alterations to Residence No. 2 - Old Chesnut Property Site." Additional references to construction in park correspondence files. NPS, Denver Service Center's Technical Information Center files, Denver, CO. Work took place between February and May of 1952, according to correspondence in Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File CR #600. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

76 Real Property Files, NPS, Rocky Mountain Region Office, Denver, CO.

77 Charles Kelly, February 1957. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

78 Supt. Krueger to NPS Director, January 9, 1961. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

79 Lamar Mulford, son of Cass Mulford, said in an oral interview that Dean Brimhall was Mormon, unlike the other newcomers to Fruita (Kelly, Inglesby, and the Lewises, Sprang, and Krueger). They were all distinct from prior residents, however, in that they were highly educated, "white-collar" professionals by occupation.

80 Letter from Max Krueger, November 19, 1941. inquired about their plans for Alma Chesnut's lands, which were under option to the NPS at the time. Record Group 797, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 610-01. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

81 Max L. Krueger to Supt. Paul R. Franke, December 14, 1941. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File CR 601. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

82 Final Judgement of Condemnation, Civil No. 376 was filed June 23, 1942. It was not signed until July 12, 1943.

83 Cora Smith interview.

84 ZION Supt. Charles Smith to the NPS Regional Director, April 11, 1950, regarding possible purchase of Brimhall's land for monument development. Record Group 79, Cont. #631808, Box 2, File 610-01. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

85 Bringhurst, Newell G. "Fawn M. Brodie, 'Mormondom's Lost Generation,' and No Man Knows My History." Journal of Mormon History, Vol. 16, 1990.

86 NPS Associate Regional Director to Superintendent at ZION, March 8,1950. Record Group 79, Cont. #63 180, Box 2, File CR 600. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

87 ZION Supt. Smith to the NPS Regional Director, May 3, 1950. Discusses the Master Plan (completed 1952) which proposed siting NPS residences and utility areas "on the Brimhall property and in the midst of the orchard and in the location where his residence is now located." The residence referred to is thought to be a concrete-block structure that was enlarged and finished in the late 1950s as the existing building. Record Group 79, Cont. #63 180, Box 2, CR 600-01. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

88 Anne Snow, op.cit., 41.

89 Dates of construction are based on two primary sources. The Wayne County Tax Assessment Roll of 1955 indicates that only two modest agricultural buildings (valued at $112 and $48 each) were on Brimhall's property. The 1958 assessment roll shows no agricultural buildings, but one "residence" valued at $400. In 1959 the $400 figure was crossed out and changed to $800. In 1960 the assessment on Brimhall's residence was $1,435. In addition, Kent Jackson recalled that his father, Worthen, helped build the Brimhall house in 1959 and 1960. Interview with Kathy McKoy, February 19, 1993.

90 Dewey Gifford interview with George F. Davidson, Toquerville, UT, June 2, 1983.

91 Charles Kelly to NPS Director, February 1956. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

92 It is not known if this road was built prior to Max Lewis' death.

93 Charles Kelly to the NPS Director, April 1957. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports. This memo also refers to an occasion when the Lower Ditch overflowed "putting three feet of water in Mrs. [Dicey] Chesnut's fruit cellar. The results could be heard from here to Torrey."

94 Construction activity on the Sprang property is documented on a page from an orchard manager's notebook entitled "Breakdown of Capital Expenditures" for February 1956 to January 1, 1959. The notebook, kept by Worthen Jackson, was rescued from the flood of 1985 by Worthen's son, Kent, and is in park archives.

95 Lamar Mulford phone communication with Kathy McKoy, March 16, 1993, Richfield, UT. Mulford believed that Elizabeth Lewis added on to an existing structure. In a subsequent interview with Cora Smith of Richfield, Mrs. Smith said she and her husband, Merin, lived in the basement house until they sold the property to Davis; at that time only the basement house, fruit cellar, and implement shed were constructed. If so, then the original house was built during Davis' ownership.

96 With exception of the main residence, all of the structures built in the late 1950s by Sprangs were removed in later years by the park service, including the basement house.

97 Kelly was still referring to Elizabeth that as "Mrs. Max Lewis" in December 1957, although she may have remarried by the time. A letter from Dick Sprang to George Davidson, dated June 13, 1987, says that he married Elizabeth six months after the death of his wife Dudy, "who died in early 1957." Sprang also wrote "By the way, Elizabeth is a far better and more noted artist than I ever was. Her paintings and lithographs hang in major galleries and are widely collected by individuals." In 1987 Elizabeth was living in Santa Fe, under the last name "King."

98 Due to the late date of construction and modern architectural style, the Brimhall house is not considered contributing to the historic district. Due to loss of architectural integrity of the original residence, it too fails to meet National Register eligibility criteria. It is important to note how ever that both Brimhall and the Sprangs continued to maintain the orchards on their properties, employing local workers to tend them.

99 The lodge was located just north of the row of walnut trees on the site now occupied by the Johnson Orchard.

100 Lamar Mulford, phone communication with Kathy McKoy, Richfield, UT, March 16, 1993. The cafe/gas station is also shown on historic site maps.

101 The Gifford Motel was located between the Gifford house and barn.

102 Today, surrounded by Mission 66-era buildings, it is used as the superintendent's office.

103 Asst. Supt. Chester A. Thomas to ZION Supt., August 22, 1951. It was proposed that water be pumped from Dean Brimhall's ditch to water the trees. Record Group 79, Cont. #63179. Box 1, File 201.06. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

104 Charles Kelly to ZION Supt., September 1952. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

105 The permits were valid for one year, meaning that mining activity continued in the monument into 1956.

106 Charles Kelly to NPS Director, May 1955. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

107 Charles Kelly to NPS Director, June 1955. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

108 Charles Kelly to the NPS Director, March 1955. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

109 Supt. P. P. Patraw to the NPS Regional Director, "Development Outline for Capitol Reef National Monument," March 1, 1938. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 600.03. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

110 Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 600-01.1. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

111 Supt. Chas. J. Smith to NPS Regional Director, December 1, 1948. Record Group 79, Cont. #63180, Box 2, File 600-01. Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.

112 The new State Highway 24 is referred to by other names in historic records: "Fremont River Road" and "Fremont River Gorge Highway."

113 Supt. Krueger to the NPS Director, July 1961. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports. Road construction contract was approved June 20.

114 On historic park maps, this is designated "Route 50." It was used as a service road.

115 Krueger served as superintendent through 1965.

116 Supt. Krueger to the NPS Director, April 11, 1962. Park archives.

117 Reports for September, February, and June 1963 to Director from Supt. Krueger. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

118 Supt. Krueger to the NPS Director, May 19, 1963. Park archives.

119 Master Plan for Capitol Reef National Monument, September 1965, Management Programs, Chapter 3, p. 1. NPS, Denver Service Center Library, Denver, CO.

120 Supt. Krueger to the NPS Director, July 8, 1938. Park archives.

121 Supt. Krueger to NPS Director, August 13, 1964. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports.

122 Supt. Krueger to the NPS Director, October 3, 1963. Park archives.

123 Charles Kelly to Supt. Heyder, January 28, 1969. Park archives, superintendents' monthly reports. Charles Kelly died in 1971.

124 Chief Park Ranger Franklin V. Montford to Supt. Krueger, February 8, 1965. Monthly narrative report says clean-up of Inglesby's and (William and Dicey) Chesnut's properties "was completed." The Chesnut store, house and fence were removed in December 1964, according to the January 13, 1965 report. Park files.

125 Harry P Linder to NPS Director, February 3, 1967. Park files, superintendents' monthly report.

126 It is known that both Cass Mulford and William and Dicey Chesnut had fruit cellars on their properties that no longer exist. A May 11, 1966 memorandum to the Director from Supt. Harry Linder stated that "two old cisterns on the former Sprang and Inglesby properties were filled as a safety measure." Park archives, superintendent's monthly reports.

127 Supt. Robert C. Heyder, "Narrative Log of Significant Events," for April, dated May 9, 1968. Heyder commented. "It's [sic] removal greatly improved the appearance of the area." Park archive files.

128 Supt. William Krueger, superintendents' monthly report, April 5, 1963. Park files.

129 Real Property Records, NPS, Intermountain Region, Colorado Plateau System Support Office, Denver, CO.

130 Unfortunately, no effort was made to record the buildings and associated structures prior to their removal, for few people felt they had any historic or architectural value. At one time, it was proposed that the Mulford cabin and Brimhall house be retained "as example[s] of Mormon influence" (Drawing NM-CR 3005-A, "Headquarters Vicinity" plan approved 6/6/62. See Appendix B.) Also, historic photographs of only a few of the original buildings of Fruita have been collected for the park's archives. Included are photos of the residences on the properties of William and Dicey Chesnut, Alma Chesnut, Doc Inglesby, and 'Tine Oyler. As some original residents or their children are still in the area, it is possible that additional photographs which depict the historic and post-historic structures of Fruita could be obtained.

131 Supt. Robert C. Heyder, May 9, 1968. Narrative log, park files. Worthen Jackson of Fremont leased the orchards from the time the NPS acquired them until 1970. Correspondence in a note book kept by Jackson indicates that until 1965 he paid $600 per year for the permit. In 1965, the fee was reduced to $100 with the provision that he also maintain the irrigation systems of non-orchard cultivated land in the valley. From 1971 to 1972 the orchards were leased by Bob Sweet.

132 One of the men hired was Worthen Jackson's son, Kent. Kent was the park's orchard manager until his death on November 5, 1995. His intimate knowledge of the orchards and their his tory over the last thirty years was invaluable in the preparation of this document. He not only kept records himself, but rescued old orchard records (kept by his father) from the 1985 flood. Those records are in park archives.

133 Capitol Reef Annual Statement for Interpretation and Visitor Services, March 1992, 25.

134 The 1970 inventory noted 47 cherry, 4 apricot, and 2 mulberry trees on the this parcel, which belonged to Jay Chesnut, son of William and Dicey Chesnut. Today there are 17 remaining fruit trees scattered throughout the picnic area.

135 The trees removed for construction were 20 years old, originally planted by orchard manager Kent Jackson. Historically, this section of land was planted in alfalfa rather than orchard.