BUFFALO Let The River Be: A History of the Ozark's Buffalo River

1. David D. Owen, First Report of a Geological Reconnoissance of the Northern Counties of Arkansas, Made During the Years 1857 and 1858 (Little Rock: Johnson & Yerkes, State Printers, 1858), p. 136.

2. Frederick A. Ogg, The Opening of the Mississippi, A Struggle for Supremacy in the American Interior (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1904), pp. 205-213; John W. Monette, History of the Discovery and Settlement of the Valley of the Mississippi, by the Three Great European Powers, Spain, France, and Great Britain, and the Subsequent Occupation, Settlement, and Extension of Civil Government by the United States, Until the Year 1846, vol. I (New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1846), pp. 216-244.

3. Ogg, The Opening of the Mississippi, p. 208; Monette, History of the Discovery and Settlement, p. 219.

4. Moses Austin, "Description of the Lead Mines in Upper Louisiana," in American State Papers: Public Lands, vol. I (Washington: Published by Gales and Seaton, 1832), pp. 206-208.

5. Eugene C. Barker, The Life of Stephen F. Austin: Founder of Texas, 1793-1836. A Chapter in the Westward Movement of the Anglo-American People (Dallas: Cokesbury Press, 1925), pp. 8-17.

6. Henry R. Schoolcraft, A View of the Lead Mines of Missouri: Including Some Observations on the Mineralogy, Geology, Geography, Antiquities, Soil, Climate, Population, and Productions of the Missouri and Arkansaw, and Other Sections of the Western Country (New York: Charles Wiley & Co., 1819), pp. 60-61.

7. G.W. Featherstonhaugh, Report From the Secretary of War, With a Report of the Mineralogical Investigations Made by G.W. Featherstonhaugh, S. Doc. 153, 23rd Cong., 2nd Sess., Serial 269, 1835, p. 21.

8. G.W. Featherstonhaugh, Excursion Through the Slave States, From Washington on the Potomac to the Frontier of Mexico: With Sketches of Popular Manners and Geological Notices (New York: Negro University Press, 1968), p. 88.

9. John C. Branner, The Zinc and Lead Region of North Arkansas, Vol. V of Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Arkansas for 1892 (Little Rock: Thompson Lith. and Ptg. Co., 1900), p. 65.

10. David Dale Owen was the son of the British social reformer Robert Owen who established New Harmony, Indiana in 1825. Walter B. Hendrickson, David Dale Owen: Pioneer Geologist of the Middle West, Indiana Historical Collections, vol. XXVII (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1943), pp. 124-125.

11. Owen, First Report, p. 82.

12. Edward T. Cox, "Second Report of a Geological Reconnoissance of a Part of the State of Arkansas, Made During the Years 1859 and 1860," in Owen, First Report, p. 403.

13. Edwin T. McKnight, Zinc and Lead Deposits of Northern Arkansas, United States Geological Survey Bulletin No. 853 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1935), pp. 3-4.

14. Branner, The Zinc and Lead Region, p. 66.

15. G.I. Adams, Zinc and Lead Deposits of Northern Arkansas, United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 24 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904), p. 14; McKnight, Zinc and Lead, p. 4.

16. Whatever the reason for its construction, the small stone smelter built by Wolfer still stands along Rush Creek near the ruins of the Morning Star Mill. Robert W. Potter, "Geochemical, Geothermetric and Petrographic Investigation of the Rush Creek Mining District Arkansas" (M.S. thesis, University of Arkansas, 1971), p. 5; Tom Shiras, "Early Days in North Arkansas Zinc District: Zinc Carbonate First Taken for Silver Ore and Smelter on Morning Star Property," Engineering and Mining Journal, CX (July 24, 1920), p. 165.

17. "Zinc Mining in Arkansas," Engineering and Mining Journal, XLVII (May 11, 1889), p. 431; Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, March 30, 1888, p. 2.

18. Ibid.; Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, February 15, 1889, p. 2.

19. Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, July 20, 1888, p. 2; Ibid., October 12, 1888, p. 2.

20. Ibid., January 25, 1888, p. 2.

21. Ibid., June 14, 1889, p. 2.

22. Joseph Greenwald, "North Arkansas Zinc," Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, September 23, 1899, p. l.

23. M.L. Mahler, "Focal Territory of North Arkansas," Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, October 21, 1898, p. 1.

24. Branner, The Zinc and Lead Region, p. 147; Harrison (Arkansas) Times, February 10, 1900, p. 3; Walter B. Stevens, The Ozark Uplift (St. Louis: Woodward and Tiernan, 1900), pp. 51, 57.

25. Harrison (Arkansas) Times, April 14, 1900, p. 4.

26. Ibid., February 17, 1900, p. 3.

27. Lawrence R. Handley, "A Geography of the Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad" (M.A, thesis, University of Arkansas, 1973), p. 20.

28. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, September 23, 1898, p. 1.

29. Orville T. Gooden, The Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad Strike (New York: Columbia University Press, 1926), pp. 17-18.

30. Handley, "A Geography," pp. 149-154.

31. Ibid., p. 154.

32. United States, Interstate Commerce Commission, "In the Matter of Divisions of Joint Rates, Fares, and Charges on Traffic Interchanged Between the Missouri & North Arkansas Railroad Company and its Connections," in Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, LXVIII (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922), p. 48.

33. McKnight, Zinc and Lead Deposits, p. 6.

34. J.P. Dunlop, "Arkansas," in United States Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States 1915, Part 1 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1917), p. 53; C.E. Siebenthal, "Zinc," ibid., p. 892.

35. Dunlop, "Arkansas," p. 52; McKnight, Zinc and Lead Deposits, p. 6.

36. Dunlop, "Arkansas," p. 53.

37. Ray G. Medley to Ernie Deane, December 18, 1975, in Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, December 18, 1975, p. 2.

38. Ibid.

39. "The Rush Zinc District," Engineering and Mining Journal, CI (March 11, 1916), p. 485.

40. Ibid.

41. Ibid.

42. Medley to Deane, Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, December 18, 1975, p. 2.

43. McKnight, Zinc and Lead Deposits, p. 6.

44. Otto Ruhi, "Zinc in Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas," Engineering and Mining Journal, CVI (August 17, 1918), pp. 302-303.

45. Otto Ruhl, "Zinc Industry of Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma," Engineering and Mining Journal, CVII (June 28, 1919), p. 1170.

46. United States, Census Bureau, [1920 Census], Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920, vol. III, Population (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922), pp. 95-97; Ibid., [1930 Census], Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930, vol. III, Population, Part 1 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1932), pp. 221-225.

47. Branner, The Zinc and Lead Region, p. 248.

48. Mineral Resources of the United States 1915, Part 1 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1917), p. 50.

49. United States, Census Bureau, [1920 Census], Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920, vol. VI, Agriculture, Part 2 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922), pp. 565-567; Ibid., [1930 Census], Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930, vol. III, Agriculture, Part 2 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1932), pp. 782-784.

50. United States, Census Bureau, [1940 Census], Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940, vol. I, Agriculture, Part 5 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1942), pp. 20-21.

51. Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, August 7, 1930, p. 1.

52. Marshall (Arkansas) Mountain Wave, October 19, 1934, p. 1.

53. Nancy McDonough, "Canning Kitchens: A Way of Life in the '30's," Little Rock Arkansas Gazette, July 30, 1972.

54. Yellville (Arkansas) Mountain Echo, June 5, 1935, p. 2.

55. Ibid., April 1, 1936, p. 2.

56. United States, Census Bureau, [1950 Census], Seventeenth Decennial Census of the United States, vol. II. Census of Population, Part 4, Arkansas (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1952), pp. 4-10; Ibid., [1960 Census], Eighteenth Decennial Census of the United States, vol. I, Census of Population, Part 5, Arkansas (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1963), pp. 5-11.

57. United States, Census Bureau, [1970 Census], Nineteenth Decennial Census of the United States, Census of Population: 1970, vol. I, Part 5, Arkansas (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1973), p. 7; Ibid., [1980 Census], 1980 Census of Population, vol. I, Characteristics of the Population, Part 5, Arkansas (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1982), p. 8.

58. Ibid.

59. Frank H. Troutman and Neva Waymon, State and County Economic Data for Arkansas (Little Rock: University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 1982), p. 10.