The Valley of Opportunity: A History of West-Central Colorado BLM Cultural Resource Series (Colorado: No. 12)

1. Frank L. Wentworth, Aspen on the Roaring Fork, (Denver: World Press, 1950), pp. 114-115., hereafter cited: Wentworth, Aspen Roaring., and Lena M. Urquhart, Glenwood Springs: Spa in the Rockies, (Boulder: Pruett Press, 1970), pp. 14-15., here after cited: Urquhart, Spa., and James W. Bucklin, "The Founding of the City of Grand Junction," The Trail, 7 (July 1914): 22-23., hereafter cited: Bucklin, "Grand Junction.," and D.A. Zarlengo, "The Nogals and the Town of Eagle," The Colorado Magazine, 21 (July 1944): 146., hereafter cited: Zarlengo, "Nogals."

2. Len Shoemaker, Roaring Fork Valley, An Illustrated Chronicle, (Silverton, CO: Sundance Publications, 1973), p. 86., hereafter cited: Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring., and Len Shoemaker, Pioneers of the Roaring Fork, (Denver: Sage Books, 1965), p. 187., hereafter cited: Shoemaker, Pioneers.

3. Shoemaker, Pioneers, p. 189.

4. E. P. Taylor, Farm and Fruit Lands in the Grand River Valley, (Grand Valley, CO: Grand River Irrigation and Development Co., n.d.), p. 6., hereafter cited: Taylor, Farm Fruit., and No Author, What's New in Grand Junction, Colorado?, (Grand Junction: Chamber of Commerce, n.d.), frontpiece., hereafter cited: No Author, What's New.

5. Bucklin, "Grand Junction," pp. 22-23.

6. Ibid., p. 23., and Lois Borland, "Ho for the Reservation, Settlement of the Western Slope," The Colorado Magazine, 29 (January 1952): 54., hereafter cited: Borland, "Ho".

7. Borland, "Ho," pp. 59 and 63., and Walker D. Wyman, "Grand Junction's First Year," The Colorado Magazine, 14 (July 1936): 137., hereafter cited: Wyman, "Grand Junction.," and Walker D. Wyman, "Staking the First Ranch at Grand Junction," The Colorado Magazine, 11 (November 1934): 206., hereafter cited: Wyman, "Staking."

8. Merton Nolen Bergner, "The Development of Fruita and the Lower Valley of the Colorado River From 1884 to 1937," (M.A. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1937), p. 15., hereafter cited: Bergner, "Fruita."

9. Wentworth, Aspen Roaring, pp. 45, 114-115.

10. Ibid., p. 38., and Urquhart, Spa, pp. 14-15.

11. No Author, Descriptive of Glenwood Springs, Garfield County, Colorado, (Denver: Defiance Town and Land Company, 1883), pp. 3-4., hereafter cited: No Author, Descriptive Glenwood.

12. As an example see: No Author, Descriptive Glenwood., and No Author, The 1886 Grand Junction News Yearbook, (Grand Junction: Price and Kingsley, 1886)., hereafter cited: No Author, 1886 Yearbook.

13. John S. Charlton, An Authoritative Statement of the Resources of Mesa County, Colorado, (Grand Junction: Board of County Commissioners and City Board of Aldermen, n.d. [1899]), pp. 14., hereafter cited: Charlton, Authoritative.

14. Ibid., pp. 1, 26-27., and Mabel Eyers Manuscript, "The History and Development of Palisade, Colorado," Mesa County Public Library, p. 40., hereafter cited: Eyers, "Palisade."

15. Therese S. Westermeier, "Colorado Festivals," The Colorado Magazine, 30 (July 1953); 197, 210.

16. Charles N. Glaab and A. Theodore Brown, A History of Urban America, (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1976), pp. 120-124., hereafter cited: Glaab and Brown, Urban America.

17. William May Manuscript, "Introduction of Sugar Beet Culture to the Grand Valley," State Historical Society of Colorado, pp. 10-11., hereafter cited: May, "Introduction.," and Robert F. Bartlett, "The Early History of Aspen," (M.A. thesis, University of Denver, 1951), p. 103., hereafter cited: Bartlett, "Aspen.," and No Author, The Western Slope of Colorado, (Grand Junction: The Western Slope Congress, 1889).

18. May, "Introduction," pp. 10-11., and Bucklin, "Grand Junction." pp. 22-23., and Eyers, "Palisade," p. 41., and Mary Rait, "Development of Grand Junction and the Colorado River Valley to Palisade From 1881 to 1934.," (M.A. thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1931), pp. 93-96., hereafter cited: Rait, "Development, Grand Junction."

19. Glaab and Brown, Urban America, pp. 155-158., and Bergner, "Fruita," p. 136.

20. S. J. Scovill Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 107., and Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," p. 12.

21. John L. Noonan Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, 4 July 1976.

22. Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, 4 July 1976.

23. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, pp. 105-107.

24. N.B. Underhill Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Bergner, "Fruita," p. 64., and Eyers, "Palisade," p. 37.

25. L. F. Chapman Interview, CWA, CSHS., and A. R. Craig Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Reading Club of Rifle, Colorado, comp., Rifle Shots, The Story of Rifle, Colorado, (Rifle, CO: Reading Club of Rifle, Colorado, 1973) pp. 150-151., hereafter cited: Rifle, Shots.

26. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," p. 17.

27. Bergner, "Fruita," p. 17., and Don and Mary Roth Interview, CNM., and Vern Woods Interview, CNM.

28. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," p. 31., and Fruita Times, 15 October 1959.

29. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, pp. 83, 102.

30. Peggy Clifford and John M. Smith, Aspen—Dreams and Dilemmas, (Chicago: The Swallow Press, 1970), p. 40., hereafter cited: Clifford and Smith, Aspen.

31. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 103.

32. Ibid., p. 102.

33. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction.," p. 87.

34. Eyers, "Palisade," p. 42., and No Author, Fruita, Colorado, (Fruita, CO: The Fruita Board of Information, 1910), p. 21., hereafter cited: No Author, Fruita.

35. Bergner, "Fruita," pp. 76-77., and Rait, " Development, Grand Junction," p. 87.

36. Rocky Mountain News, July through October, 1903.

37. Eyers, "Palisade," p. 42.

38. Urquhart, Spa, pp. 125-126.

39. Wyman, "Grand Junction," p. 133.

40. Urquhart, Spa, pp. 35-36, 116., and Clarence L. and Ralph W. Danielson, Basalt: A Colorado Midland Town, (Boulder: Pruett Press, 1971), p. 68., hereafter cited: Danielson, Basalt.

41. Walker D. Wyman and John D. Hart, "The Legend of Charlie Glass," The Colorado Magazine, 46 (Winter 1969):42.

42. Urquhart, Spa, pp. 126-134.

43. N. B. Underhill, CWA, CSHS.

44. Henry Walz Interview, CWA, CSHS.

45. Bergner, "Fruita," pp. 131-133

46. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," p. 103.

47. Rifle, Shots, pp. 150, 185.

48. Urquhart, Spa, pp .127, 134.

49. Woods Interview, CNM.

50. Eugene Parsons, "Sightseeing in Colorado," The Trail, 18 (May 1926): 16., hereafter cited: Parsons, "Sightseeing,"

51. Urquhart, Spa, p. 116., and Robert L. Brown, Holy Cross—The Mountain and the City, (Caldwell, ID: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1970), p. 65., hereafter cited: Brown, Holy Cross.

52. Urquhart, Spa, p. 116.

53. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 63., and Edna D. Sweet, Carbondale Pioneers, (n.l.: Privately Published, 1947), pp. 130-31., hereafter cited: Sweet, Carbondale.

54. John E. Bauer, "The Health Seeker in the Westward Movement, 1830-1900," The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 46 (June 1959): 108-110.

55. Urquhart, Spa, p. 37., and No Author, Descriptive Glenwood, p. 56.

56. Henry M. Lyman, Glenwood Springs, Colorado, (New York: Trow Directory Printing and Bookbinding Co., 1894), pp. 1, 8-9.

57. Ibid.

58. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, pp. 103-104.

59. Ibid., p. 156., and Urquhart, Spa, pp. 67-68, 77-80 and 104.

60. Urquhart, Spa, pp. 100-101.

61. Ibid., pp. 103-104, 126., and Olie Thorson Interview, CWA, CSHS.

62. Rifle, Shots, p. 155., and Urquhart, Spa, pp. 100-104., and Edward T. Taylor Papers, NLWH, Scrapbook 10.

63. Robert E. Leach, "Attractions of Colorado," The Trail, 6 (March 1914): 6.

64. Edward T. Taylor Papers, NLWH, Scrapbook 10.

65. MacDonald Knight and Leonard A. Hammock, Early Days on the Eagle, (Eagle, CO: n.p., 1965), p. 4., and John L. Jerome., "A Camping Trip to Northwestern Colorado in 1875," The Colorado Magazine, 19 (September 1942): 172-174.

66. Rifle, Shots, pp. 143-155., and Fred G. Shaffer, Garfield County and the Town of Rifle, (Denver: Carson-Harper, n.d., [1909]), p. 18, and Urquhart, Spa, pp. 106-107.

67. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," p. 92., and Bucklin, "Grand Junction," p. 23.

68. W. H. Tucker Interview, CWA, CSHS.

69. No Author, 1886 Yearbook, p. 32., and J. A. K. Crawford Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Fruita Times, 15 October 1959.

70. Bergner, "Fruita," pp. 87-88., and Eyers "Palisade," pp. 4 and 29.

71. Bergner, "Fruita," pp. 131-132,140.

72. Eyers, "Palisade," pp. 5, 37.

73. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," pp. 91-93.

74. Ibid., and Bergner, "Fruita" p. 70., and A. S. Robinson, "Recollections of Craig, Colorado," The Colorado Magazine, 19 (March 1942): 67-69.

75. Clifford and Smith, Aspen, p. 42., and Rifle, Shots, p. 185., and Fred Foster Interview, CWA, CSHS.

76. Clifford and Smith, Aspen, p. 40., and Urquhart, Spa, p. 126.

77. Rifle, Shots, p. 132., and Shoemaker, Pioneers, p. 199., and Eyers, "Palisade," p. 9.

78. Duane Smith, "A Land Unto Itself: The Western Slope," The Colorado Magazine, 55 (Summer 1978): 185-187, 191-193., and Howard Roberts Lamar, The Far Southwest 1846-1912, A Territorial History, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), pp. 267, 288-291, and 301.

79. James Edward Wright, The Politics of Populism, Dissent in Colorado, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974), p. 258., hereafter cited: Wright, Politics Populism., and Leon W. Fuller, "Colorado's Revolt Against Capitalism," The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 21 (December 1934): 347-349., hereafter cited: Fuller, "Colorado Revolt."

80. Wright, Politics Populism, pp. 39-43.

81. Ibid., pp. 143-148.

82. Shoemaker, Illustrated Roaring, p. 45., and Bartlett, "Early Aspen," pp. 64-67.

83. Wright, Politics Populism, pp. 129 and 144.

84. Ibid., pp. 143,159-161,195.

85. Ibid., pp. 205-212.

86. Bergner, "Fruita," pp. 129-130., and G. W. Fletcher Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Grand Junction Weekly Sentinel, 23 January 1897.