The Valley of Opportunity: A History of West-Central Colorado BLM Cultural Resource Series (Colorado: No. 12)

1. William H. Goetzman, Exploration and Empire; The Explorer and Scientist in the Winning of the West, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966), p. 67., hereafter cited: Goetzman, Exploration and Empire.

2. Gloria Griffen Cline, Exploring the Great Basin, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963), p. 101., hereafter cited: Cline, Great Basin., and Frederick Merk, "The Snake River Correspondence, 1824-1825," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 21 (June 1934):64.

3. David J. Weber, The Taos Trappers, The Fur Trade in the Far Southwest, 1540-1846, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970), p. 141., hereafter cited: Weber, Taos Trappers.

4. J. Donald Hughes, American Indians in Colorado, (Boulder: Pruett Publishing Co., 1977), p. 48., hereafter cited: Hughes, American Indian., and Joseph J. Hill, "Antoine Robidoux, Kingpin in the Colorado River Fur Trade," The Colorado Magazine 7 (July 1930):129., and John B. Lloyd, "The Uncompahgre Utes," (M.A. thesis, Western State College, n.d..), pp. 3-5, hereafter cited: Lloyd, "Uncompahgre Utes."

5. John Charles Fremont, Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains and to Oregon and Northern California In The Years 1843-1845, (Washington, D.C.; Gales and Seaton Printers, 1845), pp. 144-145.

6. Emma Homan Thayer, A Legend of Glenwood Springs, (Chicago: Colvin Publishing Co., 1900), p. 30.

7. Hughes, American Indian, pp. 48-51.

8. Ibid., pp. 53-54., and Howard Roberts Lamar, The Far Southwest 1846-1912, A Territorial History, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), p. 242.

9. Col., M. L. Crimmins, "Fort Massachusetts, First United States Military Post in Colorado," The Colorado Magazine, 14 (July 1937):131.

10. Marshall Sprague, Massacre, The Tragedy at White River, (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1957), p. 77., hereafter cited: Sprague, Tragedy.

11. Hughes, American Indian, p. 62.

12. Ibid., pp. 62-63.

13. Ibid., p. 62

14. Sprague, Tragedy, pp. 75-79., and Lloyd, "Uncompahgre Utes," part 2, p. 32.

15. Lloyd, "Uncompahgre Utes," part 2, pp. 2, 32-33.

16. Sprague, Tragedy, pp. 75-80.

17. Josie Crum, comp., Pioneers of the San Juan Country, 4 vols. (Durango, CO: Sarah Platt Decker Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, 1942, 1946, 1952, 1961), 1:21-22.

18. Hughes, American Indian, p. 62., and Robert Emmitt, The Last War Trail; The Utes and the Settlement of Colorado, (Norman; University of Oklahoma Press, 1954), p. 23., hereafter cited: Emmitt, Last War.

19. Lloyd, "Uncompahgre Utes," p. 16.

20. Rocky Mountain News, June to September 1870.

21. Lloyd, "Uncompahgre Utes," p. 26., and Hughes, American Indian, pp. 64-65., and Carl Ubbelohde, Maxine Benson and Duane A. Smith, A Colorado History, (Boulder: Pruett Press, 1976), p. 183., hereafter cited: Ubbelohde, Benson and Smith, Colorado History.

22. Lloyd, "Uncompahgre Utes," p. 22.

23. No Author, "Obituaries," The Trail, 12 (November 1919):28., and Richard Goff and Robert H. McCaffree, Century in the Saddle, The 100 Year History of the Colorado Cattlemen's Association, (Denver: Colorado Cattlemen's Centennial Commission, 1967), pp. 4446., and Robert E. Leach, "Colorow—A Sketch of a Departed 'Pioneer'," The Trail, 7 (June 1914):22-23., hereafter cited: Leach, "Colorow."

24. Sidney Jocknick, Early Days on the Western Slope of Colorado, (Glorieta, N.M.: Rio Grande Press, Inc., 1968), pp. 35-37.

25. Hughes, American Indians, pp. 67-68.

26. Emmitt, Last War, pp. 44-48 and 55.

27. No Author, "Fighting the Utes," Harper's Weekly, 23 (November 1, 1879):870.

28. Sprague, Tragedy, pp. 140 and 245.

29. Ibid., 164-167.

30. Emmitt, Last War, pp. 61-64., and Don and Mary Roth Interview, CNM.

31. Emmitt, Last War, p. 155.

32. Sprague, Tragedy, pp. 220-223

33. Ibid., p. 234., and No Author, "The Ute War," Harper's Weekly, 23 (October 25, 1879):844., hereafter cited: No Author, "Ute War."

34. Emmitt, Last War, pp. 220-223.

35. Sprague, Tragedy, pp. 231-234.

36. No Author, "Ute War," p. 845.

37. Wilson Rockwell, The Utes: A Forgotten People, (Denver: Sage Books, 1956), pp. 144-146., hereafter cited: Rockwell, Forgotten Utes.

38. Sprague, Tragedy, pp. 220-224., and Emmitt, Last War, pp. 220-221

39. Sprague, Tragedy, pp. 247-251.

40. Rockwell, Forgotten Utes, pp. 144 and 160.

41. Sprague, Tragedy, pp. 260-261.

42. The Denver (Daily) News, 13 October 1879.

43. Emmitt, Last War, pp. 282-287.

44. LeRoy R. Hafen, "Otto Mears, 'Pathfinder of the San Juan'," The Colorado Magazine, 9 (March 1932):73.

45. Ibid., pp. 73-74., and Hughes, American Indian, p. 69., and Walker D. Wyman, "A Preface to the Settlement of Grand Junction: The Uncompahgre Utes 'Goes West'," The Colorado Magazine, 10 (January 1933) :24., hereafter cited: Wyman, "Goes West."

46. Wyman, "Goes West," p. 27.

47. Sprague, Tragedy, p. 329.

48. Lena M. Urquhart, Glenwood Springs: Spa in the Rockies, (Boulder: Pruett Publishing Co., 1970), p. 36., hereafter cited: Urquhart, Spa.

49. Moore Interview, CNM. and Marjorie Lykes and Dorothy Beard Interview, CNM.

50. James H. Rankin, "The Founding and Early Years of Grand Junction," The Colorado Magazine, 6 (March 1929):40., hereafter cited: Rankin, "Founding, Grand Junction."

51. Thomas Baker Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Olie Thorson Interview, CWA, CSHS.

52. Len Shoemaker, Roaring Fork Valley: An Illustrated Chronicle, (Silverton, CO: Sundance Publications, 1973), p. 102., and Leach, "Colorow," p. 23., and J. T. Jessee Interview, CWA, CSHS., and Reading Club of Colorado, comp., Rifle Shots, The Story of Rifle, Colorado, (Rifle, CO: The Reading Club of Rifle, Colorado, 1973), p. 80.

53. J. W. Daughtery Interview, CWA, CSHS.

54. Mary Rait, "Development of Grand Junction and the Colorado River Valley to Palisade From 1881 to 1931" (M.A. thesis University of Colorado, Boulder, 1931), pp. 33 and 89., hereafter cited: Rait, "Development, Grand Junction.," Hughes, American Indian, p. 88., and Ubbelohde, Benson and Smith, Colorado History, p. 189., and Jeanette LeBeau Interview, CNM.

55. MacDonald Knight and Leonard A. Hammock, Early Days on the Eagle, (Eagle, CO: n.p., 1965), p. 17., and Robert L. Brown, Holy Cross—The Mountain and the City, (Caldwell, ID: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1970), p. 108.

56. No Author, Descriptive of Glenwood Springs, Garfield County, Colorado, (Denver: Defiance Town and Land Co., 1883), p. 3., and Urquhart, Spa, pp. 13-15., and Wentworth, Aspen Roaring, p. 38.

57. Lloyd, "Uncompahgre Utes," p. 34., and James W. Bucklin, "The Founding of the City of Grand Junction," The Trail, 7 (July 1914):22.

58. Walker D. Wyman, "Staking the First Ranch at Grand Junction," The Colorado Magazine, 11 (November 1934):206-208., and Lois Borland, "Ho for the Reservation: Settlement of the Western Slope," The Colorado Magazine, 29 (January 1952):59., hereafter cited: Borland, "Ho."

59. Al Look, Grand Junction, 1881-1972, (Grand Junction: Sentinel Printers, 1972), p. 1., and Ubbelohde, Benson and Smith, Colorado History, p. 188.

60. Rait, "Development, Grand Junction," pp. 10-11., and Rankin, "Founding Grand Junction," pp. 3940., and William McGinley Interview, CWA, CSHS.

61. Borland, "Ho," pp. 56-62.