Mesilla Historic District Celebrations & Historic Buildings; Socorro Mission.

Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail

Learn More

By clicking on these links, you can go directly to a particular section:

Tourism, History, & Preservation Websites of Places Featured in this Itinerary
Other Ways to Experience El Camino Real
El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Historic Sites Located in Mexico: Tourism, History, & Preservation Websites
Other Relevant National Park Service Websites
Other Relevant Websites
Selected Bibliography for the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail Travel Itinerary

Websites of Places Featured in this Itinerary

The National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management in the U.S. Department of the Interior administer El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail jointly. Visit the National Park Service National Park Service El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro and the Bureau of Land Management El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro websites.

New Mexico
Doña Ana Village Historic District
Doña Ana Country Tourism
National Park Service El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro website
New Mexico Tourism
New Mexico Office of the State Historian
New Mexico History Museum

El Cerro de Tomé
New Mexico Office of the State Historian
New Mexico History Museum
New Mexico Tourism

Fort Craig
Bureau of Land Management
National Park Service Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings
National Park Service El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro website
New Mexico Tourism
Socorro Heritage and Visitor’s Center

Fort Marcy Ruins
National Park Service Fort Marcy Exhibit
National Park Service Santa Fe National Historic Trail
New Mexico Office of the State Historian
New Mexico History Museum
New Mexico Tourism
Santa Fe Convention and Visitors’ Bureau

Fort Selden Historic Site
National Park Service Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings
New Mexico Historic Sites
New Mexico Tourism
New Mexico Tourism, El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Trail
Doña Ana Country Tourism

Kuaua Ruins (Coronado Historic Site)
Town of Bernalillo
City of Albuquerque Colonial History
New Mexico Historic Sites
New Mexico Tourism
National Park Service Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings
National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary: American Southwest

La Bajada Mesa
National Park Service El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro website
New Mexico Tourism
New Mexico Office of the State Historian
New Mexico History Museum
Santa Fe Convention and Visitors’ Bureau

Mesilla Plaza and Mesilla Historic District
National Park Service Discover Our Shared History Travel Itinerary: American Latino Heritage
Old Mesilla website
Las Cruces Convention and Visitors Bureau
Official Town of Mesilla Website
Mesilla’s Gadsden Museum of History
New Mexico Office of the State Historian
New Mexico Indian Pueblo Cultural Center
New Mexico History Museum
New Mexico Tourism Department

Mesquite Historic District
Meet Las Cruces
Las Cruces Convention and Visitors Bureau
Las Cruces: Crossroads of History
New Mexico Office of the State Historian
New Mexico History Museum
New Mexico Tourism Department

Palace of the Governors
National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary: American Latino Heritage
National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary: American Southwest
Palace of the Governors
City of Santa Fe
Santa Fe Convention and Visitors Bureau
SantaFe.com
New Mexico Tourism

Point of Rocks
National Park Service El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro website
Visit Sierra County, New Mexico
Sierra County, New Mexico Government Website
New Mexico Office of the State Historian
New Mexico History Museum
New Mexico Tourism Department

Santa Fe Plaza
National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary: American Latino Heritage
National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary: American Southwest
City of Santa Fe
Santa Fe Convention and Visitors Bureau
New Mexico Tourism and the Santa Fe Trail

Yost Draw
National Park Service El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro website
Visit Sierra County, New Mexico
Sierra County, New Mexico Government Website
New Mexico Office of the State Historian
New Mexico History Museum
New Mexico Tourism Department

Texas
Presidio Chapel of San Elizario
National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary: South and West Texas
El Paso County
El Paso County Walking Tour
El Paso County Mission Trail
Visit El Paso County Mission Trail
El Paso Convention and Visitors Bureau

San Elizario Historic District
Online walking tour of San Elizario
Texas State Historical Association Article: San Elizario
El Paso County Mission Trail
El Paso Convention and Visitors Bureau

Socorro Mission
National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary: South and West Texas
National Park Service Socorro Mission Description
Texas State Historical Association Article: Socorro Mission
Updated schedule of Masses
El Paso County
El Paso Diocese
El Paso Convention and Visitors Bureau

Ysleta Mission
National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary: South and West Texas
Ysleta Mission
Texas State Historical Association Article: Y sleta
Ysleta del Sur Pueblo
El Paso Convention and Visitors Bureau

Other Ways to Experience El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail

The seventeen National Register sites highlighted in this travel itinerary will provide the traveling public with a wonderfully varied mix of historic buildings, archeological sites, historic road segments, and cultural landscapes to visit associated with El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail. These highlighted historic places, of course, are not the only sites to experience as one travels El Camino Real. The web links in this Learn More section will provide the traveler with many other areas to consider visiting while making the journey along the historic trail corridor. Of special interest and use for any adventurer out on El Camino Real are the two travel itinerary books by Hal Jackson and George Torok that are cited in the bibliography.

Whether one decides to visit all seventeen sites from Santa Fe down to the El Paso area, or just a few at a time, traveling the two lane roads north and south in New Mexico will enable passage through evoking landscapes, many of which are relatively unchanged since the Rio Grande corridor was traveled historically. Of special note are the areas that the National Trails Intermountain Region office has signed as "original route", where the paved road overlays, or is very close to, the original historic trail. These areas include, from north to south:

- a six and a half mile segment from Saint Francis near downtown Santa Fe along Agua Fria road to San Felipe Road; a six and a half mile segment in Albuquerque from Bridge Boulevard South on Isleta Blvd to Interstate 25;

- an almost one mile segment in Las Cruces along Mesquite Street in the Mesquite District from approximately North Solano Street to the North to Spruce Street to the South.

In addition, there are three developed hiking trails associated with El Camino Real:

1 - the Camino Real Trail paralleling the Santa Fe River and Agua Fria Road in Santa Fe

2 - the Yost Draw retracement trail in the Jornada del Muerto (see direction under Yost Draw in the List of Sites)

3 - Point of Rocks trail in the Jornada del Muerto (see directions under Point of Rocks in the List of Sites)

El Camino Real Historic Sites Located in Mexico: Tourism, History, & Preservation Websites

Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthrolopogy and History (INAH)) investigates, conserves and divulges the national archaeological, anthropological, historical and paleontological heritage, to strengthen the identity and memory of the society that holds it.

Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, Mexico (World Heritage Site)
UNESCO/World Heritage Convention Listing

Management Plan of the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, Mexico: This complementary document of the Technical File for inscription of the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, Mexico in the World Heritage List of UNESCO contains valuable historic, cultural, and travel information regarding the many historic sites that are located along the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro in Mexico.

Map of Historic Sites located along the Camino Real in Mexico

State of Mexico

For detailed safety and international travel information:
Travel.State.Gov: International Travel Information: Mexico

Protective town of San Miguel and the Sanctuary of Jesús Nazarendo de Atotonilco (World Heritage Site)
UNESCO/World Heritage Convention Listing
Visit San Miguel
Travel Reviews: San Miguel
VisitMexico: Guanajuato
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Guanajuato Government Website

Former Royal hospital of San Juan de Dios of San Miguel de Allende
San Miguel de Allende Tourist Information
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 102 for description)
VisitMexico: Guanajuato
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Guanajuato Government Website

Bridge of San Rafael, Bridge of El Fraile, & Bridge La Quemada
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 102 for description)
VisitMexico: Guanajuato
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Guanajuato Government Website

Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines (World Heritage Site)
UNESCO/World Heritage Convention Listing
VisitMexico: Guanajuato, World Heritage City
VisitMexico: Guanajuato
Travel Reviews: Guanajuato
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Guanajuato Government Website

State of Jalisco

For detailed safety and international travel information:
Travel.State.Gov: International Travel Information: Mexico

Hospicio Cabañas, Guadalajara (World Heritage Site)
UNESCO/World Heritage Convention Listing
Travel Reviews: Hospicio Cabanas
VisitMexico: Guadalajara
VisitMexico: Archeological and Historical Sites in Jalisco
Mexico State Tourism Offices
Secretary of Tourism: Jalisco
State of Jalisco Government Website

Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila (World Heritage Site)
UNESCO/World Heritage Convention Listing
Smithsonian: People and Plant, Agave.
VisitMexico
VisitMexico: Archeological and Historical Sites in Jalisco
Travel Reviews: Tequila
Mexico State Tourism Offices
Secretary of Tourism: Jalisco
State of Jalisco Government Website

Historic Centre of the City of Lagos de Moreno and Bridge
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 102 for description)
Lagos de Moreno Official Website
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
Secretary of Tourism: Jalisco
State of Jalisco Government Website

Cemetery in Encarnacion de Diaz
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
Encarnacion de Diaz Official Website (Spanish)
Museums in Encarnacion de Diaz (Spanish)
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
Secretary of Tourism: Jalisco
State of Jalisco Government Website

Former Hacienda of Cienega de Mata
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 102 for description)
Panoramic Photo of former Hacienda Cienega de Mata Jalisco
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
Secretary of Tourism: Jalisco
State of Jalisco Government Website

Bridge of Ojuelos
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 102 for description)
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
Secretary of Tourism: Jalisco
State of Jalisco Government Website

Historic Ensemble of the Town of Ojuelos
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 102 for description)
Ojuelos Town Website
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
Secretary of Tourism: Jalisco
State of Jalisco Government Website

State of Aguascalientes

For detailed safety and international travel information:
Travel.State.Gov: International Travel Information: Mexico

Former Hacienda of Cieneguilla
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico: Aguascalientes Haciendas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
VisitMexico: Aguascalientes
State of Aguascalientes Government Website

Former Hacienda of Penuelas
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico: Aguascalientes Haciendas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
VisitMexico: Aguascalientes
State of Aguascalientes Government Website

Historic Ensemble of the City of Aguascalientes
Aguascalientes: The Geographic Center of Mexico
VisitMexico: Aguascalientes
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Aguascalientes Government Website

Former Hacienda of Pabellon de Hidalgo
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico: Aguascalientes Haciendas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
VisitMexico: Aguascalientes
State of Aguascalientes Government Website

State of Zacatecas

For detailed safety and international travel information:
Travel.State.Gov: International Travel Information: Mexico

Chapel of San Nicolas Tolentino of the Former hacienda of San Nicolas de Quijas
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Town of Pinos
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico: Zacatecas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Temple of Nuestra Senora de los Angeles of the Town of Noria de Angeles
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico: Zacatecas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Temple of Nuestra Senora de los Dolores in Villa Gonzalez Ortega
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico: Zacatecas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Cave of Avalos
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 104 for description)
VisitMexico: Zacatecas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Former College of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe of Propaganda Fide
Museo de Guadalupe
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico: Zacatecas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Historic Centre of Zacatecas (World Heritage Site)
UNESCO/World Heritage Convention Listing
Zacatecas: World Heritage City
Mining History: Zacatecas
VisitMexico: Zacatecas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Architectonic Ensemble of the Town of Chalchihuites
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
Encyclopedia of the Municipalities and Delegations of Mexico: Chalchihuites
Alta Vista, Zacatecas (Mexico): Ceremonial Center of the Chalchihuites Culture of Northwest Mexico
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Historic Ensemble of the City of Sombrerete
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
Encyclopedia of the Municipalities and Delegations of Mexico: Sombrete
VisitMexico: Itinerary, Sombrete (Magical Town), Zacatecas
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Temple of San Pantaleon Martir in the Town of Noria de San Pantaleon
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (See page 103 for description)
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of Zacatecas Government Website

Sierra de Organos (Mountain Range of Organos)
VisitMexico: Sierra de Organos, a Quirk of Nature

State of San Luis Potosi

For detailed safety and international travel information:
Travel.State.Gov: International Travel Information: Mexico

Historic centre of the City of San Luis Potosi
VisitMexico: San Luis Potosi
History.com: San Luis Potosi
VisitMexico
Mexico State Tourism Offices
State of San Luis Potosi Government Website

Other Relevant National Park Service Websites

National Park Service The main National Park Service website is the gateway to national parks, information on preserving America’s history and culture in parks and communities, and a vast amount of other useful information on National Park Service programs, history and culture, nature and science, education, and other topics.

National Park Service: American Latino Heritage Projects explore how the legacy of American Latinos can be recognized, preserved, and interpreted for future generations. The National Park Service, as a storyteller of our Nation’s past, is committed to connecting and amplifying American Latino stories throughout national parks and communities across the United States. This website highlights projects undertaken by National Park Service parks and programs as part of the Service’s commitment to telling the American Latino story.

American Latinos and the Making of the United States: A Theme Study is a publication of the National Park System Advisory Board for the National Park Service. Who is this theme study for? It's for students and teachers, for researchers, for preservation professionals, for local, state and federal government officials, and for the general public. Cultural Resources Diversity Program This National Park Service program develops and administers the Cultural Resources Diversity Internship Program, publishes the newsletter Heritage Matters, participates in conferences and consults on diversity topics, conducts research projects on cultural diversity issues, and develops curriculum materials on cultural resources/historic preservation for colleges and universities, targeting minority schools.

Discover History The National Park Service's Cultural Resources Programs are dedicated to preserving history, education, and grants. Find out about the programs and the services they provide, and much more, by going to the Discover History home. History is everywhere. In nearly 400 national parks and every hometown. It covers everything from the remnants of ancient civilizations to the boyhood homes of U.S. Presidents to the stirring sagas of hard-fought wars to the reverberations of one woman refusing to give up her seat on a bus. History is a part of who we were, who we are, and who we will be.

Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary Series The National Park Service's travel itineraries include many interesting and exciting historic destinations to visit online and in person. Each itinerary spotlights a different geographic region, theme, or community, and provides a wealth of information. The travel itineraries include a huge variety of places significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture, most of which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Heritage Documentation Programs in the American Memory: Built in America The National Park Service Heritage Documentation Programs include HABS (Historic American Buildings Survey), the Federal Government’s oldest operating preservation program, and companion programs, HAER (Historic American Engineering Record) and HALS (Historic American Landscapes Survey). Drawings, maps, photographs, and historical reports produced through the programs and archived at the Library of Congress constitute the nation’s largest collection of historical architectural, engineering, and landscape documentation.

History E-Library This National Park Service website includes many useful NPS documents on National Park System units associated with cultural heritage and a variety of other publications related to history and historic places.

National Historic Landmarks National Historic Landmarks are nationally significant historic places designated by the Secretary of the Interior because they possess exceptional value in interpreting the heritage of the United States. Today, just a few more than 2,500 historic places bear this national distinction. The National Park Service administers the National Historic Landmarks Program.

National Heritage Areas Program National Heritage Areas (NHAs) are designated by Congress as places where natural, cultural, and historic resources combine to form a cohesive, nationally important landscape. Through their resources, NHAs tell nationally important stories that celebrate our nation's diverse heritage. NHAs are lived-in landscapes. Consequently, NHA entities collaborate with communities to determine how to make heritage relevant to local interests and needs.

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places is the nation’s official inventory of historic places worthy of preservation. Districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture are included in the National Register, which is expanded and maintained by the National Park Service. The National Register website is the gateway to information on authentic registered historic places, the benefits of recognition, and how to become involved in identifying, nominating to the National Register, and protecting these irreplaceable reminders of our heritage. The National Register publications are online. Among them are brochures in both English and Spanish.

National Trails System The National Historic Trails System is the network of scenic, historic, and recreation trails created by the National Trails System Act of 1968. These trails provide for outdoor recreation needs, promote the enjoyment, appreciation, and preservation of open-air, outdoor areas and historic resources, and encourage public access and citizen involvement.

National Underground Railroad (UGRR) Network to Freedom Program , administered by the National Park Service, is aimed at preserving, interpreting, and commemorating the history of the Underground Railroad. Through shared partnerships with local, State, and Federal entities, as well as interested individuals and organizations, the Network to Freedom promotes programs and partnerships to preserve sites and resources associated with the Underground Railroad and to educate the public about its historical significance.

Office of International Affairs The National Park Service has an Office of International Affairs that works to facilitate cooperation between the U.S. National Park Service and counterpart agencies around the globe. In celebration of the 40th anniversary of the World Heritage Convention, the National Park Service has produced a short film on all the World Heritage Sites in the U.S. Please click here to view this video.

Office of Sustainable Tourism National Parks have been interwoven with tourism from their earliest days. This website highlights the ways in which the National Park Service promotes and supports sustainable, responsible, informed and managed visitor use through cooperation and coordination with the tourism industry.

Teaching with Historic Places Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) is a National Park Service program that uses properties listed in the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places to enliven history, social studies, geography, civics, and other subjects. TwHP has created a variety of products and activities that help teachers bring historic places into the classroom. The website for the Teaching with Historic Places Program contains a wealth of information for educators and students that can be used in the classroom and beyond. It offers a series of more than 140 online classroom-ready place-based lesson plans created by historians and educators. Each lesson is linked to national and State standards for history and social studies. Lesson plans are indexed in several ways. The thematic index identifies the lesson plans that relate to Hispanic topics. Two of these lessons are available in Spanish, as well as in English.

Other Relevant Websites

American Memory at the Library of Congress Search this website for documents, photographs, and other materials relating to America’s diverse population.

American Scenic Byways This website, maintained by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, includes information on State and nationally designated byway routes throughout America based on their archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational and scenic qualities.

Bureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management and the National Park Service administer this trail jointly. Visit the BLM website dedicated to El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

CARTA: El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Trail Association CARTA facilitates goodwill, cooperation, and understanding among communities, and promotes the education, conservation, and protection of the multicultural and multiethnic history and traditions associated with the living trail, El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

El Camino Real Historic Trail Site Step back in time and join us on a journey along the historic El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the Royal Road of the Interior Lands. This 1500-mile historic trade route that extends from Mexico City to San Juan Pueblo/Ohkay Owingeh, is one of the oldest trails in the United States, and for more than a century, one of the longest. Designated a national historic trail in 1993, it is one of New Mexico's most important cultural artifacts.

El Rancho de las Golondrinas El Rancho de las Golondrinas is a living history museum located on 200 acres in a rural farming valley just south of Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Historic Hotels of America A feature of the National Trust for Historic Preservation's Heritage Traveler program that provides information on historic hotels and package tours in the vicinity of sites included in this itinerary.

National Archives and Records Administration Search the National Archives website for a number of primary documents regarding Theodore Roosevelt and details about his presidency.

National Park Foundation The National Park Foundation, in partnership with the National Park Service, enriches America’s national parks and programs through private support, safeguarding our heritage and inspiring generations of national park enthusiasts.

National Trust for Historic Preservation The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a United States Congress-chartered non-profit membership organization that works to save America’s historic places. Chartered by Congress in 1949, the organization is now supported entirely by private contributions. In the word of the National Trust, "We take direct on-the-ground action when historic buildings and sites are threatened. Our work helps build vibrant, sustainable communities. We advocate with governments to save America’s heritage. We strive to create a cultural legacy as diverse as the nation itself so that all of us can take pride in our part of the American story."

Selected Bibliography

Chipman, Donald, and Harriett Joseph. Spanish Texas, 1519-1821. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010.

Cornerstones Community Partnerships, Adobe conservation - A Preservation Handbook, 2006.download at:http://cstones.org/

Esquibel, José Antonio, and John B. Colligan. The Spanish Recolonization of New Mexico: An Account of the Families Recruited at Mexico City in 1693. Albuquerque: Hispanic Genealogical Research Center of New Mexico, 1999.

Hammond, George Peter and Agapito Rey, Editors. 1953 Don Juan de Oñate, Colonizer of New Mexico, 1595-1628. Coronado Cuarto Centennial Publications, 1540-1940, Vols. v and vi. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.

_____________. The Rediscovery of New Mexico, 1580-1594: The Explorations of Chamuscado, Espejo, Castaño de Sosa, Morlete, and Leyva de Bonilla and Humaña. Coronado Cuarto Centennial Publications, 1540-1940, Vol. III. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1966.

Jackson, Hall. Following the Royal Road - A Guide to the Historic Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico press, 2006

Kessell, John. Spain in the Southwest: A Narrative History of Colonial New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.

Moorhead, Max L. New Mexico’s Royal Road: Trade and Travel on the Chihuahua Trail. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1958.

Pacheco, José De La Cruz and Sánchez, Joseph P, Coordinators. "Memorias del Coloquio Internacional El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro." Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (Mexico D.F.), 2000.

Palmer, Gabrielle G., Comp., June-el Piper and LouAnn Jacobson, Eds., 1993/1999, El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, (Vols 1&2). Santa Fe: Bureau of Land management, Cultural Resources Series Nos. 11 and 13.

Sanchez, Joseph P.,and Bruce A. Erickson. From Mexico City to Santa Fe: A Historical Guide to El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. Los Ranchos, New Mexico: Rio Grande Books, 2011.

Sando, Joe S. Pueblo Nations: Eight Centuries of Pueblo Indian History. Santa Fe: Clear Light Publishers, 1992.

Simmons, Marc. The Last Conquistador: Juan de Oñate and the Settling of the Far Southwest. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

Torok, George D. From the Pass to the Pueblos - El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Sunstone Press, 2012.