Alt Text Map of Civil War Defenses of Washington in Washington, DC, Maryland, and Virginia. Dozens of forts are represented by gray or brown fort-shaped symbols that together make a rough circle through mostly Washington, DC and Virginia. Extended Description The Potomac River angles from near the top left corner of the map southeast before turning southward about halfway across this map. The river separates Maryland to the east from Virginia to the west in the top corner of this map and then separates Washington, DC from Virginia for most of its length. Seven forts fall in Maryland just over the state line. From left to right, five along the northern border of the state are Fort Sumner, Battery Bally, Fort Mansfield, Fort Simons, Fort Bayard, and Battery Jameson. Fort Foote is on the Potomac River in the south. Five of the seven forts are brown except Forts Bayard and Foote, which are gray. Gray forts represent “Historic fort sites managed by the National Park Service” and brown forts are “Historic fort sites.” Washington, DC Forts The forts in Washington, DC lie near the state lines. Moving clockwise from about eight o’clock and all near the Potomac River, the forts appear as follows: brown forts represent Battery Cameron and Battery Parrott, northwest of Georgetown in Washington, DC. Gray Battery Kemble and brown batteries Martin Scott, Battery at Chain Bridge, Battery Vermont, and Fort Gaines are around nine o’clock. Gray forts Reno and Derussy and brown Fort Kearny and Battery Smeade are spaced between ten and eleven o’clock. Battleground National Cemetery and gray Fort Stevens are just past noon, and gray Fort Slocum and the US Soldier’s and Airmen’s Home are at about one o’clock. Six forts create a loose line between one and two o’clock: gray Fort Totten, brown Fort Slemmer, gray Fort Bunker Hill, and brown forts Saratoga, Thayer, and Lincoln. The final, Fort Lincoln, is across the state line from Battery Jameson in Maryland. Near the eastern point of Washington, DC at about three o’clock are gray forts Mahan and Chaplin. The final string of forts move in a diagonal line moving southwest from four o’clock to six o’clock. These include brown Fort Meigs, gray forts Dupon and Davis, brown forts Baker and Wagner, gray forts Stanton and Rickets, brown forts Snyder and Carroll, and gray Battery Carrol and Fort Greble. A hiker-biker trail meanders through this area from near Fort Mahan to near Fort Rickets. The White House, Ford’s Theatre, Lincoln Memorial, Washington Monument, and US Capitol are labeled between Pennsylvania, Independence, and Constitution avenues in the heart of Washington, DC. Several bridges cross the Potomac River between Washington, DC and Virginia. From north to south these include the Chain Bridge, Francis Scott Key Bridge, Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge, Arlington Memorial Bridge, George Mason Memorial Bridge, Rochambeau Memorial Bridge, and Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge. Virginia Forts The forts in Virginia are along or near the Potomac River so follow the trajectory first southeast and then south. From north to south these include gray Fort Macy and brown Fort Ethan Allen near Chain Bridge. Between the Francis Scott Key Bridge and Arlington Memorial Bridge are brown forts C.F. Smith, Bennet, Strong, Corcoran, Haggerty, Morton, Woodbury, Cass, Whipple, Tillinghast, and McPherson. The Arlington House is near Fort Whipple and Fort McPherson. The forts continue southward with brown forts Jackson, Runyon, Albany, Craig, Richardson, Berry, Barnard, Scott, Reynolds, and Battery Garesché. The final forts are all brown and are clustered near Alexandria. These include forts Worth, Williams, Ellsworth, Lyon, Farnsworth, O’Rourke, Weed, and Willard. Legend A scale in the lower right corner of the map measures 1 and 2 kilometers and 1 and 2 miles. Symbols that follow use a gray fort for Historic fort sites managed by the National Park Service and a brown fort for Historic fort sites. Text follows: “Note: Not all forts and batteries exist today or are publicly accessible. The fort symbols shown represent the general location of historic earthen fortifications and batteries of the Civil War Defenses of Washington. To learn more about the defenses of Washington, including directions to sites managed by the National Park Service and links to other publicly managed sites, visit www.nps.gov/cwdw.”