Links

Historic Contexts

1. Learn more about what archeology has uncovered in Jeno-Jenne about the past of the Mande people.

   Visit the Rice University Mali-Interactive Project. Please copy and paste the URL below to view the site.
   http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~anth/arch/mali-interactive
   On the home page enter the search term: "Mail Interactive Project"

2. Learn more about the early history of African civilizations that were the origins of enslaved African peoples who helped explore and settle the New World.

   • Visit the National Museum of African Art educational program: Mali Empire and Djenne Figures
     http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/resources/mali/index.htm.
   • Visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art Timeline Africa 1400 A.D. – 1600 A.D.
     http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hm/08/af/hm08af.htm

3. Learn more about Timbuktu

   • Visit the Library of Congress exhibit: Ancient Manuscripts from the Desert Libraries of Timbuktu
     www.loc.gov/wiseguide/ aug03/timbuktu.

4. View a 16th century artist’s rendition of the “Great Chain of Being“

   • http://www.stanford.edu/class/engl174b/chain.html
   • Another view is found in the Library of Congress exhibition “Beginnings”, an exploration of how world cultures have dealt with the creation of the universe and explained the heavens and the earth.
     http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/world/images/wt0157.jpg
     

5. Read the Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery

   Pennsylvania State Archives
   http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/slaveryabolition.asp

6. Learn more about how 17th century enslaved and free Africans used the courts to gain justice

   • Africans in Court and Virginia's Slave Codes http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p270.html

1. Home
2. Contents
1. Introduction
   • Contents and Expectations
   • Format
   • Navigation
   • Disclosure
   • Editorial Method
   • Internet Link Policy
2. Key Concepts
   • Who are African Americans?
   • What is ethnography?
   • What is "culture" ?
   • What are cultural resources?
   • What are "ethnographic" resources?
   • What is "heritage preservation" ?
   • What is stewardship?
   • What is the NPS Thematic Framework?
   • Self Assessment
3. Ethnographic Research Center
   • What is Ethnographic Research?
   • Why is Ethnographic Research conducted?
   • Who conducts Ethnographic Research?
   • How is it different from other Social Science Research?
   • What are Ethnographic Research methodologies?
   • How does the NPS use Ethnographic Research?
   • Who uses Ethnographic Research?
   • How does Ethnographic Research help with the preservation of Ethnographic Resources?
   • Ethics in Ethnographic Research
4. Module 1 —African Nation Founders 1500– 1799
   • Overview
   • Historic Contexts
     • Africans Before Captivity
     • Self Assessment 1
     • Exchanging People for Trade Goods
     • Why was African Heritage Lost?
     • Who were the First Africans in America?
     • The Transatlantic Slave Trade
     • Which Europeans Trafficked in Slaves?
     • Laws that Bound
     • Laws that Freed
     • Wars
     • Conclusion
     • Self Assessment 2
   • Cultural Heritage
     • Africans in Spanish America
     • Africans in the Chesapeake
     • Africans in the Low Country
     • Africans in French America
     • African Systems of Meaning
     • Africans in the Northern Colonies
   • Credits
5. Module II African Nation Builders 1800 1865
6. Module III  Lifting as We Climb  1865 1965
7. Heritage Preservation Notes
   • Who Preserves Heritage?
   • Heritage Preservation Law
   • Protecting Indigenous Peoples  Patrimony
   • Other Laws, Policies and Executive Orders
   • Ethnography and Heritage Preservation
8. Learning Resources Center
   • References
   • Glossary
   • Further Reading
   • Links
   • Image Gallery