Wildflower Seasons

Brittlebush is a showy shrub often found in washes at low elevation in Death Valley National Park.

NPS/Neal Nurmi

 

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Wildflower Update

It is far too early to predict if the storms from the summer 2022 monsoon season will lead to a showy 2023 spring bloom. The late-summer rainfall helps set the stage, but additional rainfall will be needed this October-February. A La Nina weather pattern is predicted for this winter which typically results in drier-than-average winters in Death Valley. See "Predicting a Good Bloom Year" below to learn more.

 

Desert gold and sand verbena bloom on the valley floor.

NPS / Kurt Moses

Predicting a Good Bloom Year

A good wildflower year depends on at least three things:

• Well-spaced rainfall throughout the winter and spring
• Sufficient warmth from the sun
• Lack of drying winds

Rain is Key

Gentle rain that soaks deeply into the soil is essential for a desert floral display. To begin, a rainstorm of a half inch or more is needed to wash the protective coating off wildflower seeds and allow them to sprout. For plants to continue growing, rainstorms must come at evenly-spaced intervals throughout the winter and spring. The best blooms are triggered by an early, winter-type rainstorm in September or October, followed by an El Niño weather pattern that brings above average rainfall to the Desert Southwest.

Warming Things Up

Wildflower seeds that sprout with cool winter storms often remain small and low to the ground until the springtime sun starts to warm the soil. They may not look like they are growing, but a strong root system is developing below the surface. As the temperatures get warmer, the well established plants then put on a growth spurt and start to bloom.

Harsh Desert Wind

Frequent springtime windstorms without additional rain can bring about a quick end to the spring bloom or even prevent it from happening by killing off delicate sprouts. Dry, moving air dehydrates exposed surfaces of all living things, including human beings. Desert plants often have waxy, hairy, or spiny leaves to baffle the wind and retain precious moisture. Humans can carry and drink water as needed, but the wildflowers must grow and bloom before they dry out, or late-spring heat arrives, in order to leave seeds scattered on the desert floor to produce the next generation.

 

When Wildflowers Typically Bloom

Mid February to Mid April

• Where: Lower elevations on alluvial fans and foothills.
• Wildflowers: Desert Gold (Geraea canescens), Notch-leaf Phacelia (Phacelia crenulata), Caltha-leaf Phacelia (Phacelia calthifolia), Golden Evening Primrose (Camissonia brevipes), Gravel Ghost (Atrichoseris platyphylla), Bigelow Monkeyflower (Mimulus bigelovii), Desert Five-spot (Eremalche rotundifolia)

Early April to Early May

• Where: 3000 to 5000 feet elevations, upper desert slopes, canyons, higher valleys
• Wildflowers: Desert Dandelion (Malacothrix glabrata), Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa), Princesplume (Stanleya pinnata), Desert Paintbrush (Castilleja chromosa), Fremont Phacelia (Phacelia fremontii), Mojave Aster (Xyloriza tortifolia), Bigelow's Coreopsis (Coreopsis bigelovii), Indigo Bush (Psorothamnus arborescens), Desert Globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua)

Early May to Mid July

• Where: 5000 to 11,000 feet elevation on mountain slopes, pinyon pine/juniper woodlands
• Wildflowers: Desert Mariposa (Calochortus kennedyi), Purple Sage (Salvia dorrii), Rose Sage (Salvia pachyphylla), Panamint Penstemon (Penstemon floridus austinii), Magnificent Lupine (Lupinus magnificus), Inyo Lupine (Lupinus excubitus)

 

Fleeting Beauty

In Death Valley National park, most of the showy desert wildflowers are annuals, also referred to as ephemerals because they are short-lived. Oddly enough, this limited lifespan ensures survival here. Rather than struggle to stay alive during the desert’s most extreme conditions, annual wildflowers lie dormant as seeds. When enough rain finally does fall, the seeds quickly sprout, grow, bloom and go back to seed again before the dryness and heat returns. By blooming enmasse during good years, wildflowers can attract large numbers of pollinators such as butterflies, moths, bees and hummingbirds that might not otherwise visit Death Valley.

 

The view from Wood Canyon.

NPS / E. Hoerner

Past Wildflower Seasons

2022

Although we received rain in July, it came too early; rain is usually required in the fall to produce a large bloom. This fall was not only dry, but also hot, with above average temperatures in November. However, several rain events in December thoroughly wet the soil, which was good news for wildflowers, leading to an average bloom (not a super bloom) this spring.

2021

A dry fall, with rain/snow starting the last week of December 2020, led to very sparse blooms at low elevations in the spring.

 

Superblooms!

Death Valley is famous for its spectacular, spring wildflower displays, but those are the exception, not the rule. Only under perfect conditions does the desert fill with a sea of gold, purple, pink or white flowers. These tend to average once a decade, with the most recent superbloom years being 2016, 2005, and 1998. Although there are years where blossoms are few, they are never totally absent.

 

The wildflower "super-bloom" of 2016 was a rare event for Death Valley that occurs only when conditions are perfect.

Kurt Moses

 

Happy Hunting!

Please remember, you are in a National Park. Regulations prohibit picking wildflowers so that they may produce seeds for the next wildflower season.

 

Wildflowers left to right: weakstem mariposa lily, desert gold, bear poppy, mariposa lily, desert chicory, desert five-spot, desert dandelion, and lilac sunbonnet.

 

Want to learn more about Wildflowers?

Check out our wildflowers page, which contains great plant identification information!