Yellowstone National Park - Bear Recovery Tables (U.S. National Park Service)

Table 1. Number of adult female bears, number of cubs, mean litter size, and Bear Management Units occupied by females with cubs in the Yellowstone ecosystem, 1992 - 1997 (Knight et al. 1997, M. A. Haroldson, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, pers. commun.).

Year	Adult Females With COY	Number > of Cubs	Mean Litter Size	Different BMU's Occupied
Year	Adult Females With COY	Number > of Cubs	Mean Litter Size	Current Year	6-Year Sum^a
1992	23	56	2.4	13
1993	20	41	2.1	14
1994	20	47	2.4	12
1995	17	37	2.2	12
1996	33	70	2.1	14
1997	31	62	2.0	13	18
1998	35
1999	32
2000	35
2001	42
2002	50				18

a Sum of the number of different BMU's occupied over a 6-year period.

Table 2. Known human-caused grizzly bear mortality in the Yellowstone ecosystem, 1997-2002 (M. A. Haroldson, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, pers. commun.).

	Bear Mortality
Year	All Bears	All Females	Adult Females
1992	4	1	0
1993	3	2	2
1994	11	4	4
1995	17	7	3
1996	9	4	3
1997	7	3	2
1998	1	1	1
1999	5	1	1
2000	16	6	6
2001	19	8	8
2002	15	7	4
Total	63	26	17

Table 3. Recovery parameters and 2002 status for the Yellowstone ecosystem grizzly bear population.

Target	Target Number	2002 Number	Parameter Achieved
Undup. females w/COY (6-year average)	› 15	38 (225÷6)^a	Yes
Known Mortality Limit as 4% of Total Population Estimate	‹ 16.6	10.5 (63÷6)^a	Yes
Female Mortality Limit as 30% of Allowable Mortalities	‹ 5	2.8 (17÷6)^a	Yes
Distribution of Females with Young (6-Year Sum)	› 16 of 18	18 of 18	Yes

^a Values based on 6-year average of human-caused grizzly bear mortality.