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A Whitman Timeline - Part VI: 1842-1843


1842   |  1843
1842
Winter:

First house is dismantled and the bricks are reused in the Blacksmith shop. No further troubles with the Indians.


Feb. 25: American Board sends order to close Waiilatpu, recalling Spalding, Gray and Smith, and moving Whitman to Tshimakain. This order resulted from the letters sent to the board regarding extreme discord between missionaries. Full text of letter.

March 2: Two Indian women bring a boy not much older than 2 to the Whitmans. Mrs. Whitman names him David Malin after her friend in New York. The little boy had a Spanish father and native mother, he is the third child accepted by Whitmans.

March 12: Mrs. W.H. Gray gives birth to a baby girl, named Carolin.

March l7: Mrs. Walker has a baby boy-Marcus Whitman Walker.

May 16-June 7:

Annual meeting at Waiilatpu.

  1. Spalding and Whitman settle differences, atmosphere among missionaries is much better.
  2. Gray makes a motion that the Spaldings and Whitmans change stations- it is passed.
    Resolve: "That in view of the state of this mission, especially the station at Lapwai, we deem it advisable that Rev. H. H. Spalding remove to Waiilatpu to take charge of the natives at this place for the present, and that Dr. Whitman remove to Lapwai to take charge of that station till circumstance shall warrant a return."
    Later all but Gray thought this exchange of stations should not be made. Gray, who was ready to leave the mission, grasped this as an occasion to resign. All members rejected the idea, except Gray.

Aug. 9 Webster-Ashburton Treaty. Does not include provisions for the Britain-U.S. boundary dispute in Oregon.

  McLaughlin founds Oregon City.

Summer: Asa Lawrence Lovejoy (1808-1882) comes west with company of emigrants.

  Fort Bridger is built by Jim Bridger.

  Emigrants drain the supplies and use assistance at Waiilatpu.

  Emigrant train arrives (114 people). Dr. Elijah White is with them. He has become Indian agent for the U.S. Government for Oregon Country. He is the first person of official capacity in Pacific Northwest for the U.S. Government. The train started with 19 wagons, all are left at Fort Hall.

Sept. 10:

Dr. Elijah White arrives at Waiilatpu from the East. He carries the American Board's closure letter dated Feb. 25, 1842. The letter ordered the abandonment of Waiilatpu and Lapwai and asked for the return of the Spaldings, preferably overland.

Situation had changed between the time the orders were written in Boston and the time they arrived in the Oregon Country:

  1. Tshimakain was the poorest mission of them all.
    a. Agricultural conditions were most unfavorable.
    b. The Indians were unresponsive.
  2. Emigrants were beginning to come and Waiilatpu was a strategic stopping point.
  3. Smith and Rodgers were gone.
  4. Gray was planning to depart.
  5. A reconciliation had been made with Spalding
  6. It was impossible for Spalding to return overland - there were no longer any caravans going east.

Sept. 26-28: The missionaries hold a special meeting to determine what to do. They decide Whitman would return East to save the mission. On the morning of the 28th, Whitman proposes going to Boston, Gray is released from the mission.

Oct. 3: Whitman, Lovejoy, and a dog named Trapper depart for the East early Monday morning.

Oct. 4: Mr. and Mrs. Gray leave Waiilatpu. After their departure Mrs. Whitman is the only white woman at the Mission.

Oct. 11: Mr. McKinlay drives a wagon from Fort Walla Walla to get Mrs. Whitman and bring her to Fort Walla Walla. Gray, now in the Willamette Valley, finally hires William Geiger to stay at the Whitman Station.

Oct. 18-20:

At Fort Hall, Richard Grant advises Dr. Whitman and Asa Lovejoy against use of South Pass due to problems with the Indians. They cross the Green River near the mouth of Black's Fork, following the southern bank for a time. To avoid hills, they cross to north shore, and then re-cross to south shore. They enter the mountains, going southwest to where Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado meet. Coming to either Red Creek or Ewing Creek, they follow the trail southward down into a valley, located on the north and east banks of Green River-Brown's Hole. They cross mountains and endure severe weather including deep snow. From Brown's Hole they go up either Sears Creek or Kettle Creek to the top of Diamond Mountain which was 20 miles across, then drop into Uintah Basin and follow Ashley Creek. Around the mouth of Dry Fork they went southwest to Fort Uintah which they reach about November 1.

They take on a new guide at Uintah. The trail leads down the Uintah River to the Green River, then up White River and to the crest of Book Cliffs to the headwaters of Bitter Creek. The trail then leads southward, they follow the Grand River (Colorado River) upstream to the junction of the Gunnison (Grand Junction, Colorado), then follow the Gunnison to the mouth or the Uncompahgre. (Fort Uncompaghre was located on this river.) They follow the route of the Uncompahgre to Montrose, then go up a branch to where Ouray, Colorado is now. They then go on the west side of the Anahuac Range, La Plata and southward around the southern end of the Rio Grande and then to Taos and Santa Fe. They arrive in Taos about the middle of December.

There were many hazards between Fort Uintah and Taos:

  1. At Grand Junction, the Colorado River is frozen on either side about 1/3 of the way across.
  2. The Spanish guide from Fort Uintah becomes confused by the deep snow in the high mountains. Whitman returns to Fort Uintah for new guide. Lovejoy remains with the packhorses and dog seven days awaiting Whitman's return. Whitman returns and they continue on. When provisions become exhausted, they begin to eat pack mules and dog. A party of hunters from Taos saves the lives of the Whitman party.

    Fifteen days out, they meet George Bent who informs them that a party of mountain men are nearly ready to leave the fort for St. Louis, but Whitman decides to push ahead alone.

Oct. 27: Mrs. Whitman leaves Fort Walla Walla via Hudson's Bay express boat and arrives at Wascopum Mission on the 29th, (Dalles Station). She is received there by Rev. and Mrs. H.K.W. Perkins, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Lee, and Mr. and Mrs. Henry B. Brewer.

  Shortly after Mrs. Whitman's departure, the gristmill, mill bolt, and threshing mill are burned. Upon hearing of the burning of the mill, Dr. Elijah White proceeds to Waiilatpu to counsel with the Indians, arriving in December. He is unsuccessful in doing any good, so he returns down the Columbia. He finds out that the Cayuse Indians believe that Whitman's trip was to secure American troops.

1842-1843: Mrs. Whitman remains at Wascopum during the winter.
1843
Jan. 3: Lovejoy, the guide, and the pack animals arrive at Bent's Fort. Whitman is not there - Lovejoy finds Whitman on January 6, 1843. Lovejoy and Whitman part company at Bent's Fort. Lovejoy remains there until spring when he joins the 1843 emigration and meets Whitman near Fort Laramie in July.

Feb. 1: Cornelius Rodgers drowns when his boat was swept over the Willamette Falls.

Feb. 15: Whitman arrives in Westport, Missouri. There is no information on Whitman from Bent's Fort to Westport, Missouri.

March 9:

St. Louis, Whitman learns that the Linn Bill had not been passed.
The Linn Bill would have:

  1. Erected a line of forts from the western frontier to the mouth of the Columbia for the purpose of the emigrants.
  2. Granted 640 acres of the land to every white male over eighteen years of age.
  3. Extended the civil and criminal jurisdiction of the courts of the Territory of Iowa over the citizens of Oregon.

March 23: (About) Whitman is in Washington D.C.

March 25: Whitman is in New York

March 29: Whitman arrives in Boston where he remains about 10 days. From March 30 to April 4 the American Board meets and considers Whitman's requests. They rule in his favor.

April: Whitman briefly visits his and Narcissa's relatives in New York.

April 3: Mrs. Whitman leaves the Dalles for Fort Walla Walla. She remains at the fort until the 24th when she leaves for Waiilatpu.

April 20: Dr. Whitman sets out on the return journey from Rushville accompanied by a young nephew, Perrin Whitman, the eldest son of Samuel Whitman.

May 9: Mrs. Whitman again departs Waiilatpu for Fort Vancouver. Dr. White, a physician, advises her to go to Fort Vancouver and place herself under the care of Dr. Barclay. Reaching the fort on June 4, she remains there until around mid-July when she leaves to visit some of the Methodist missionaries in the Willamette Valley.

May: Dr. White has a 6 day council with the Cayuse and Walla Walla Indians where they agree to accept the eleven laws that the Nez Perce had accepted in December 1842. Spalding prints these laws using the Lapwai printing press. This is the first law book to be printed in Old Oregon.

May 31: Dr. Whitman leaves Westport, Missouri. He reaches the Oregon Country with the first great emigration to Oregon that includes 1000 people. It is the first emigrant party successful in taking wagons across southern Idaho and over the Blue Mountains. This first wagon train was already organized prior to Whitman joining them, but Whitman may have inspired some people to go.

Oct. 7: Mrs. Whitman reaches Wascopum mission where she expects to meet her husband, but he has not yet arrived.

Oct. 7: Mrs. Eells gives birth to baby boy named Myron.

Oct. 25: John C. Fremont and his men arrive at Waiilatpu. He leaves some cannonballs and a mule, the Whitmans later name him Uncle Sam. Dr. Whitman was not present during this visit.

Oct. 26: Dr. Whitman finally reaches the Dalles and reunites with his wife.

Fall: Emigrants drain Whitman of all supplies except potatoes.

Nov. 1:

The Whitmans are at Fort Walla Walla on their way back to Waiilatpu. Upon their return they find very crowded conditions. Their family now consists of Mary Ann Bridger, Helen Mar Meek, David Malin and Perrin Whitman. Mrs. Whitman's health is very poor.

Note: William Geiger (1816-1901). A New York native, Geiger was contacted by Gray to help at the Whitman Station. All arrangements were made in the Willamette Valley. The Whitmans found Geiger's work at the mission to be satisfactory. In May 1843, Spalding and Geiger sent a pack train of flour (1000 pounds) to the expected emigrants at Fort Hall or Fort Boise. In late summer 1843 Geiger was summoned to Lapwai due to Spalding being ill. He arrived September 14, leaving Indians to look after Waiilatpu. During his absence, someone broke into one of the buildings. On Whitman's arrival to Lapwai, Geiger returned to Waiilatpu to supply the emigrants. His services were terminated in October 1843. He was paid $30.00 per month. In 1844, he was again hired to serve the mission as a schoolmaster. He taught about 20 children during the winter of 1846-1847. After departing Waiilatpu, he settled in the Willamette Valley, and after the Killings he and his wife took in Matilda Sager, who remained in their home until she was married.


Nov.: Rev. Lee, of the Methodist Wascopum mission, learns of his removal by the Methodist Mission Society. Whitman brings him the news from the East. He returns to Stanstead, Canada and dies March 12, 1845.

  Upon his return from the East, Whitman's interest changes from the Indians to the emigrants.

1802-1831   |  1832-1835   |  1836-1837  |  1838-1839  |  1840-1841
1842-1843 
 |  1844-1846  |  1847  |  1848-1898  |  1907-2000


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Last modified on: February 28, 2004