|
|
| 1842 |
| Winter: |
First house
is dismantled and the bricks are reused in the Blacksmith shop.
No further troubles with the Indians.
|
|
|
| Feb.
25: |
American Board sends order to close Waiilatpu, recalling Spalding,
Gray and Smith, and moving Whitman to Tshimakain. This order resulted
from the letters sent to the board regarding extreme discord between
missionaries. Full
text of letter. |
|
|
| March
2: |
Two Indian women bring a boy not much older than 2 to the Whitmans.
Mrs. Whitman names him David Malin after her friend in New York.
The little boy had a Spanish father and native mother, he is the
third child accepted by Whitmans. |
|
|
| March
12: |
Mrs. W.H. Gray gives birth to a baby girl, named Carolin. |
|
|
| March
l7: |
Mrs. Walker has a baby boy-Marcus Whitman Walker. |
|
|
| May
16-June 7: |
Annual meeting
at Waiilatpu.
- Spalding
and Whitman settle differences, atmosphere among missionaries
is much better.
- Gray makes
a motion that the Spaldings and Whitmans change stations- it
is passed.
Resolve: "That in view of the state of this mission,
especially the station at Lapwai, we deem it advisable that
Rev. H. H. Spalding remove to Waiilatpu to take charge of the
natives at this place for the present, and that Dr. Whitman
remove to Lapwai to take charge of that station till circumstance
shall warrant a return."
Later all but Gray thought this exchange of stations should
not be made. Gray, who was ready to leave the mission, grasped
this as an occasion to resign. All members rejected the idea,
except Gray.
|
|
|
| Aug.
9 |
Webster-Ashburton
Treaty. Does not include provisions for the Britain-U.S. boundary
dispute in Oregon. |
|
|
| |
McLaughlin
founds Oregon City. |
|
|
| Summer:
|
Asa
Lawrence Lovejoy (1808-1882) comes west with company of emigrants. |
|
|
| |
Fort
Bridger is built by Jim Bridger. |
|
|
| |
Emigrants
drain the supplies and use assistance at Waiilatpu. |
|
|
| |
Emigrant
train arrives (114 people). Dr. Elijah White is with them. He has
become Indian agent for the U.S. Government for Oregon Country.
He is the first person of official capacity in Pacific Northwest
for the U.S. Government. The train started with 19 wagons, all are
left at Fort Hall. |
|
|
| Sept.
10: |
Dr. Elijah
White arrives at Waiilatpu from the East. He carries the American
Board's closure letter dated Feb. 25, 1842. The letter ordered
the abandonment of Waiilatpu and Lapwai and asked for the return
of the Spaldings, preferably overland.
Situation had changed between the time the orders were written
in Boston and the time they arrived in the Oregon Country:
- Tshimakain
was the poorest mission of them all.
a. Agricultural conditions were most unfavorable.
b. The Indians were unresponsive.
- Emigrants
were beginning to come and Waiilatpu was a strategic stopping
point.
- Smith and
Rodgers were gone.
- Gray was
planning to depart.
- A reconciliation
had been made with Spalding
- It was
impossible for Spalding to return overland - there were no longer
any caravans going east.
|
|
|
| Sept.
26-28: |
The missionaries hold a special meeting to determine what to do.
They decide Whitman would return East to save the mission. On the
morning of the 28th, Whitman proposes going to Boston, Gray is released
from the mission. |
|
|
| Oct.
3: |
Whitman,
Lovejoy, and a dog named Trapper depart for the East early Monday
morning. |
|
|
| Oct.
4: |
Mr.
and Mrs. Gray leave Waiilatpu. After their departure Mrs. Whitman
is the only white woman at the Mission. |
|
|
| Oct.
11: |
Mr.
McKinlay drives a wagon from Fort Walla Walla to get Mrs. Whitman
and bring her to Fort Walla Walla. Gray, now in the Willamette Valley,
finally hires William Geiger to stay at the Whitman Station. |
|
|
| Oct.
18-20: |
At Fort Hall,
Richard Grant advises Dr. Whitman and Asa Lovejoy against use
of South Pass due to problems with the Indians. They cross the
Green River near the mouth of Black's Fork, following the southern
bank for a time. To avoid hills, they cross to north shore, and
then re-cross to south shore. They enter the mountains, going
southwest to where Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado meet. Coming to
either Red Creek or Ewing Creek, they follow the trail southward
down into a valley, located on the north and east banks of Green
River-Brown's Hole. They cross mountains and endure severe weather
including deep snow. From Brown's Hole they go up either Sears
Creek or Kettle Creek to the top of Diamond Mountain which was
20 miles across, then drop into Uintah Basin and follow Ashley
Creek. Around the mouth of Dry Fork they went southwest to Fort
Uintah which they reach about November 1.
They take
on a new guide at Uintah. The trail leads down the Uintah River
to the Green River, then up White River and to the crest of Book
Cliffs to the headwaters of Bitter Creek. The trail then leads
southward, they follow the Grand River (Colorado River) upstream
to the junction of the Gunnison (Grand Junction, Colorado), then
follow the Gunnison to the mouth or the Uncompahgre. (Fort Uncompaghre
was located on this river.) They follow the route of the Uncompahgre
to Montrose, then go up a branch to where Ouray, Colorado is now.
They then go on the west side of the Anahuac Range, La Plata and
southward around the southern end of the Rio Grande and then to
Taos and Santa Fe. They arrive in Taos about the middle of December.
There were
many hazards between Fort Uintah and Taos:
- At Grand
Junction, the Colorado River is frozen on either side about
1/3 of the way across.
- The Spanish
guide from Fort Uintah becomes confused by the deep snow in
the high mountains. Whitman returns to Fort Uintah for new guide.
Lovejoy remains with the packhorses and dog seven days awaiting
Whitman's return. Whitman returns and they continue on. When
provisions become exhausted, they begin to eat pack mules and
dog. A party of hunters from Taos saves the lives of the Whitman
party.
Fifteen days out, they meet George Bent who informs them that
a party of mountain men are nearly ready to leave the fort for
St. Louis, but Whitman decides to push ahead alone.
|
|
|
| Oct.
27: |
Mrs. Whitman leaves Fort Walla Walla via Hudson's Bay express boat
and arrives at Wascopum Mission on the 29th, (Dalles Station). She
is received there by Rev. and Mrs. H.K.W. Perkins, Mr. and Mrs.
Daniel Lee, and Mr. and Mrs. Henry B. Brewer. |
|
|
| |
Shortly
after Mrs. Whitman's departure, the gristmill, mill bolt, and threshing
mill are burned. Upon hearing of the burning of the mill, Dr. Elijah
White proceeds to Waiilatpu to counsel with the Indians, arriving
in December. He is unsuccessful in doing any good, so he returns
down the Columbia. He finds out that the Cayuse Indians believe
that Whitman's trip was to secure American troops. |
|
|
| 1842-1843:
|
Mrs.
Whitman remains at Wascopum during the winter.
|
|
|
|
|
| Jan.
3: |
Lovejoy, the guide, and the pack animals arrive at Bent's
Fort. Whitman is not there - Lovejoy finds Whitman on January
6, 1843. Lovejoy and Whitman part company at Bent's Fort. Lovejoy
remains there until spring when he joins the 1843 emigration and
meets Whitman near Fort Laramie in July. |
|
|
| Feb.
1: |
Cornelius
Rodgers drowns when his boat was swept over the Willamette Falls.
|
|
|
| Feb.
15: |
Whitman arrives in Westport, Missouri. There is no information on
Whitman from Bent's Fort to Westport, Missouri. |
|
|
| March
9: |
St. Louis,
Whitman learns that the Linn Bill had not been passed.
The Linn Bill would have:
- Erected
a line of forts from the western frontier to the mouth of the
Columbia for the purpose of the emigrants.
- Granted
640 acres of the land to every white male over eighteen years
of age.
- Extended
the civil and criminal jurisdiction of the courts of the Territory
of Iowa over the citizens of Oregon.
|
|
|
| March
23: (About) |
Whitman is in Washington D.C. |
|
|
| March
25: |
Whitman is in New York |
|
|
| March
29: |
Whitman arrives in Boston where he remains about 10 days. From March
30 to April 4 the American Board meets and considers Whitman's requests.
They rule in his favor. |
|
|
| April: |
Whitman briefly visits his and Narcissa's relatives in New York. |
|
|
| April
3: |
Mrs. Whitman leaves the Dalles for Fort Walla Walla. She remains
at the fort until the 24th when she leaves for Waiilatpu. |
|
|
| April
20: |
Dr. Whitman sets out on the return journey from Rushville accompanied
by a young nephew, Perrin Whitman, the eldest son of Samuel Whitman. |
|
|
| May
9: |
Mrs. Whitman again departs Waiilatpu for Fort Vancouver. Dr. White,
a physician, advises her to go to Fort Vancouver and place herself
under the care of Dr. Barclay. Reaching the fort on June 4, she
remains there until around mid-July when she leaves to visit some
of the Methodist missionaries in the Willamette Valley. |
|
|
| May: |
Dr.
White has a 6 day council with the Cayuse and Walla Walla Indians
where they agree to accept the eleven laws that the Nez Perce had
accepted in December 1842. Spalding prints these laws using the
Lapwai printing press. This is the first law book to be printed
in Old Oregon. |
|
|
| May
31: |
Dr. Whitman leaves Westport, Missouri. He reaches the Oregon Country
with the first great emigration to Oregon that includes 1000 people.
It is the first emigrant party successful in taking wagons across
southern Idaho and over the Blue Mountains. This first wagon train
was already organized prior to Whitman joining them, but Whitman
may have inspired some people to go. |
|
|
| Oct.
7: |
Mrs. Whitman reaches Wascopum mission where she expects to meet
her husband, but he has not yet arrived. |
|
|
| Oct.
7: |
Mrs. Eells gives birth to baby boy named Myron. |
|
|
| Oct.
25: |
John C. Fremont and his men arrive at Waiilatpu. He leaves some
cannonballs and a mule, the Whitmans later name him Uncle Sam. Dr.
Whitman was not present during this visit. |
|
|
| Oct.
26: |
Dr. Whitman finally reaches the Dalles and reunites with his wife.
|
|
|
| Fall:
|
Emigrants
drain Whitman of all supplies except potatoes. |
|
|
| Nov.
1: |
The Whitmans
are at Fort Walla Walla on their way back to Waiilatpu. Upon their
return they find very crowded conditions. Their family now consists
of Mary Ann Bridger, Helen Mar Meek, David Malin and Perrin Whitman.
Mrs. Whitman's health is very poor.
Note:
William Geiger (1816-1901). A New York native, Geiger was contacted
by Gray to help at the Whitman Station. All arrangements were
made in the Willamette Valley. The Whitmans found Geiger's work
at the mission to be satisfactory. In May 1843, Spalding and Geiger
sent a pack train of flour (1000 pounds) to the expected emigrants
at Fort Hall or Fort Boise. In late summer 1843 Geiger was summoned
to Lapwai due to Spalding being ill. He arrived September 14,
leaving Indians to look after Waiilatpu. During his absence, someone
broke into one of the buildings. On Whitman's arrival to Lapwai,
Geiger returned to Waiilatpu to supply the emigrants. His services
were terminated in October 1843. He was paid $30.00 per month.
In 1844, he was again hired to serve the mission as a schoolmaster.
He taught about 20 children during the winter of 1846-1847. After
departing Waiilatpu, he settled in the Willamette Valley, and
after the Killings he and his wife took in Matilda Sager, who
remained in their home until she was married.
|
|
|
| Nov.:
|
Rev.
Lee, of the Methodist Wascopum mission, learns of his removal by
the Methodist Mission Society. Whitman brings him the news from
the East. He returns to Stanstead, Canada and dies March 12, 1845.
|
|
|
| |
Upon his return from the East, Whitman's interest changes from the
Indians to the emigrants. |
|
|