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Sleeping Bear Dunes National LakeshoreBeech-Maple Forest
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Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
Changes Over Time

Imagine how this land must have looked just after the glacier melted about 11,800 years ago.  It was a landscape of sand and gravel stretching in every direction.  No trees would have blocked your view.  Only a few hardy plants struggled to survive.  From this bleak beginning, plants, by their living and dying, have slowly created a layer of topsoil covering these sandy hills.  Living communities of plants and animals have transformed this once-sterile ground into the productive forest that now surrounds you. 

 

 
Purple Loostrife is an invasive species  

Did You Know?
In the US, invasive species are the second biggest threat to native ecosystems after habitat loss. They reduce diversity, alter disturbance regimes, and have cascading effects on food webs, costing upwards of $140 Billion per year.
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Last Updated: July 11, 2006 at 19:59 EST