Boritt, Gabor S., ed. Why the Civil War Came. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Dew, Charles B. Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001.

Faust, Drew Gilpin. The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.

Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. (First published in 1970.)

Freehling, William W. The Reintegration of American History: Slavery and the Civil War. New York: Oxford University, 1994.

The Road to Disunion: Secessionists at Bay, 1776-1854. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Klein, Maury. Days of Defiance: Sumter, Secession, and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.

Levine, Bruce. Half Slave and Half Free: The Roots of the Civil War. New York: Hill and Wang, 1992.

McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Ballantine Books, 1988.

Miller, William Lee. Arguing About Slavery: The Great Battle in the United States Congress. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.

Morrison, Michael A. Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

Perman, Michael., ed. Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction: Documents and Essays. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1991.

Potter, David M. The Impending Crisis: 1848-1861. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1976.

Stampp, Kenneth M., ed. The Causes of the Civil War. New York: Touchstone, 1991.

Woodworth, Steven E., ed. The American Civil War: A Handbook of Literature and Research. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1996. [See especially Part IV "Causation-Events Leading to the War."]