Cover Page

Foreword
Introduction

BADGES

Metal
Cloth
NPS Associated

ORNAMENTATION

Arrowhead Patch
Belt
Buttons
Cap Insignia
Collar Ornaments
Hat
Hatband & Straps
Law Enforcement Insignia
Length-of-Service Insignia
Nametags
Sleeve Brassards
Tie Ornaments & Pins
Miscellaneous

Photofile
Appendix
Bibliography
Notes

BADGES and UNIFORM ORNAMENTATION
of the NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

1. Jack R. Williams, "History of the National Park Service Uniform," 1968, p.21.

2. Frank F. Leibig, "Early Days in the Forest Service," USDA FS Northern Region, Missoula, Montana, 1944, Vol.I,p. 130.

3. Memorandum, Secretary's Office to P.& M. Division (P&R 664-06) June 1906, "Early park correspondence 1890-1919", Sequoia National Park Archives, Microfilm File, Roll #5.

4. Letter, John E. Kell to Jack R. Williams, 12 July, 1965. Record Group Y55, National Park Service Archives, Harpers Ferry Center, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia (hereafter cited as HFC/Y55).

5. Letter, Carmi A. Thompson to Sigmund Eisner, 4 January, 1912. National Archives, Record Group 79, "Uniforms of the Park Service 1907-1925" (hereafter cited as NA/RG 79)

6. Letters, Stephen T. Mather to Washington B. Lewis, 14 June, 1920; Stephen T. Mather to Horace M. Albright, 15 June, 1920. NA/RG 79.

7. Memorandum, Sam T. Woodring to Horace M. Albright, 27 December, 1922. NA/RG 79.

It was customary for the uniform committee to request input from the field whenever a uniform change was contemplated. Often these requests were forwarded by the superintendents to the rangers for answers. In the questionnaire dated December 2, 1922, question 5 asked: "Are the various insignia specified in the present regulations in your opinion satisfactory as to:

(a) Superintendent's Badges
(b) Ranger's Badges
(c) Collar Devices
(d) Sleeve Insignia
(e) Service Insignia"

8. Williams, p.22

9. Letter, Stephen T. Mather to Horace M. Albright, 15 June, 1920. NA/RG 79.

10. Letter, George E. Goodwin to Director, NPS, 7 January, 1921. NA/RG 79.

11. Ibid.

12. Specification sheet forwarded with contract to F.J. Heiberger, Washington, DC, 28 April, 1922. NA/RG79.

13. Letter, Jesse Nusbaum to Director, NPS, 28 April, 1922. NA/RG 79.

14. Letter, Stephen T. Mather to Washington B. Lewis, 13 April, 1921.

Custodians were site managers at Southwestern parks that didn't warrant a superintendent due to their size or visitation.

15. Directive, Stephen T. Mather to all NPS personnel, 13 June, 1922. NA/RG 79.

16. Letter, Arno B. Cammerer to George R. Dorr, 16 June, 1922. NA/RG 79.

17. Ibid.

18. Minutes, 12th National Park Conference, p.91, NA/RG 79. This conference was held at Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, 3-8 April, 1932.

19. Memorandum, Hillary A Tolson to John C. Preston, 7 May, 1944. "National Park Service Uniform Committee Records, 1941-1942", Lon Garrison - File #A66. HFC/Y55.

20. Memorandum, John C. Preston to Director, NPS, 28 May, 1941. HFC/Y55.

21. Williams, p.24.

22. Letter, Lawrence F. Cook to Director, NPS, 12 October, 1960. NPS/RG Y55.

23. Williams, p.30.

24. Telephone conversation, R. Bryce Workman to Rick Hall, V.H. Blackinton, 19 July, 1995. HFC/GC.

25. Letters, Gilbert R. Wenger to Bryce Workman, 2 July, 1995; Jack R. Williams to Bryce Workman, 8 July, 1995. HFC/GC.

26. Obituary, Press Release No.70, Grand Canyon, Arizona, 4 November, 1951.

27. Letter, Conrad L. Wirth to David Nathanson, 30 March, 1985. NPS/RG Y55.

28. Williams, p.28.

29. David Nathanson, "The Arrowhead Symbol of the National Park Service" 1989.

30. Ibid

31. Ibid

32. National Park Service Administrative Manual, Release No.41, 12 June, 1963, p.1.

33. Ibid

34. National Park Service Uniform Regulations, 1969.

35. Letters, Carmi A. Thompson to Walter Fry; W.F. Arant; Major Lloyd M. Brett; Major W.W. Forsyth; William J. French; Edward B. Linnen, 20 April, 1911. NA/RG 79.

36. Letter, Clement S. Ucker to Major William R. Logan, 2 June, 1911. NA/RG 79.

37. Letter, Sigmund Eisner to Secretary, USDI, 13 December, 1911. NA/RG 79.

38. Letter, Carmi A. Thompson to Sigmund Eisner, 4 January, 1912. NA/RG 79.

39. Letter, Sigmund Eisner to Secretary, USDI, 10 January, 1912. NA/RG 79.

40. Letter, Walter Fry to Secretary, USDI, 22 October, 1911. NA/RG 79.

41. Letter, Stephen T. Mather to Mark Daniels, 3 November, 1915. NA/RG 79.

42. Letter, Bo Sweeny to Sigmund Eisner, 12 June, 1915. NA/RG 79.

43. Letter, Sigmund Eisner to Secretary, USDI, 6 October, 1915. NA/RG 79.

44. Memorandum, Horace M. Albright to Arno Bertholt Cammerer, 17 March, 1927. NA/RG 79 208.30.

45. Telephone, Bryce Workman to David Ebersole, 11 January, 1991. NPS/RG Y55.

46. There were at least three (3) other Office Orders issued between the revision of Office Order 204, revised (1932) and Office Order 324 (1936), but since none of these have come to light, it can not be determined with certainty just when the new items that appear in Office Order 324 were introduced.

47. Memorandum, Lawrence F. Cook to Director, NPS, March 16, 1960. HFC/GC.

48. Letter, Washington B. Lewis to Director, NPS, 5 September, 1919. NA/RG 79.

49. Letter, Arno B. Cammerer to Washington B. Lewis, 20 September, 1919. NA/RG 79.

50. Letter, Horace M. Albright to Thomas W. Brazell, 24 April, 1919. NA/RG 79.

51. This style of coat was first authorized in 1917. The color was Olive Drab (Army color), but this was changed to forest green in 1919.

52. Letter, Arno B. Cammerer to D.R. Hull, 13 December, 1926. NA/RG 79 208.30.

53. Letter, Thomas C. Vint to Director, NPS, 12 January, 1927. NA/RG 79 208.30.

54. Telegram Owen A. Tomlinson to Director, NPS, 13 January, 1931. NA/RG 79 208.30.

55. Letter, James E. Neal to Jack R. Williams, 26 January, 1966. NPS/RG Y55.

56. Letter, Carmi A. Thompson to Edward S. Hall, 10 April, 1911. NA/RG 79.

57. Letter, Clement S. Ucker to Sigmund Eisner, 16 January, 1912. NA/RG 79.

58. Williams, p.1.

59. "Stetson" became a generic term for a wide brim hat in the west, like "Homburg" was used for a dress hat in the east. The John B. Stetson Company did not furnish hats to the National Park Service until 1934.

60. James E. Neal, "History of the Ranger Stetson", April 1967, California State Ranger Uniform Manual, Supplement B.

61. Memorandum, Hillary A. Tolson to all field officers, 8 October, 1936. NA/RG Y55.

62. Letter, Owen A. Tomlinson to Director, NPS, 23 December, 1929. NA/RG 79 208.30.

63. Letter, Arno B. Cammerer to Owen A. Tomlinson, 16 January, 1930. NA/RG 79 208.30.

64. Memorandum, Owen A. Tomlinson to all park superintendents, 23 January, 1930. NA/RG 79 208.30.

65. Letter, Owen A. Tomlinson to Director, NPS, 13 February, 1930. NA/RG 79 208.30.

66. Letter, Arno B. Cammerer to Owen A. Tomlinson, 25 February, 1930. NA/RG 79 208.30.

67. Ibid

68. Letter J. Ross Eakin to Owen A. Tomlinson, 31 May, 1930. NA/RG 79 208.30.

69. Memorandum, Arthur E. Demaray to all superintendents and custodians, 7 May , 1936. HFC/GC.

70. Memorandum, Stanley T. Albright to regional directors, NPS, 9 March, 1984. HFC/GC.

71. National Park Service Uniform Handbook, 1959, Chapter 2, p.18.

Although this handbook was written in 1959, its provisions were not to be fully implemented until January 1, 1961. Even so, many of items were instituted in 1960. (name tags, badges, etc.)

72. Memorandum, Lawrence F. Cook to Director, NPS, 12 October, 1960. HFC/GC.

73. Ibid 22 November, 1961.

74. Letter, Samuel F. Ralston to Secretary, USDI, 15 September, 1915. NA/RG 79.

75. Questionnaire response, Frank Pinkley, 18 December, 1922. NA/RG 79.

76. Williams, p.30.

77. Contract, between National Park Service and F.J. Heilberger & Sons, Inc., 5 April, 1922. NA/RG 79.

78. Williams p.31.

79. National Park Service Uniform Regulations, 1947, Chapter 6, section 2, p. 1.

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