TUMACACORI Historic Resource Study

¹Rio Rico. Nogales-Santa Cruz County Chamber of Commerce, www.nogaleschamber.com/rio_rico.htm, 7/27/04

²According to Officer (1987:295), there were fourteen Spanish or Mexican land grants in southern Arizona. U.S. authorities eventually confirmed eight of these. Because of Apache hostilities, all but Tumacácori had been abandoned by the late 1830s or early 1840s.

³Ernie Hefisley, "Homes really are on menu at Rio Rico," Arizona Daily Star, February 17, 1997:1D.

⁴"Bankrupt Firm Offers Plan To Swap Undeveloped Lots," Arizona Daily Star, January 4, 1977:B1

⁵Svejcara, "Rio Rico offering new homes and promises," Arizona Daily Star, August 12, 1978.

⁶Heltsley, Star, February 17, 1997, op cit.

⁷Ibid.

⁸Macario Juarez, Jr. "Rio Rico looks to future," Arizona Daily Star, February 27, 2000: 1D.

⁹After the Bracero Program was terminated during the 1960s, Mexico agreed to allow foreign companies to build factories along its northern border to compensate for the loss of the guest worker jobs. Components could be imported duty free and assembled by cheap Mexican labor, primarily young women. The finished products could then be exported back into the United States, paying only a value-added tax.

¹⁰Ibid.

¹¹Macario Juarez, Jr., "Santa Cruz County resorts sold," Arizona Daily Star, October 26, 2002:D1.

¹²Avatar Holdings, Inc. (AVTR), Yahoo! Finance, http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=avtr. July 27, 2004.

¹³Form 10-Q for Avatar Holdings, Inc, Quarterly Report, May 6, 2004. Security and Exchange Commission. Yahoo! Finance, http://biz.yahoo.com/e/040506/avtr10-q.html

¹⁴Mitch Tobin, "Saving a Stream," Arizona Daily Star, November 24, 2003:B1.

¹⁵"Moving up: The changing face of Tucson business," Arizona Daily Star, January 7, 2004:D2.

¹⁶Marizco, "Trade pact reshapes once-sleepy Rio Rico," Arizona Daily Star, May 23, 2004:121.

¹⁷Tim Steller, "NAFTA Road to Riches: Label them true believers," Arizona Daily Star, May 23, 2004:127.

¹⁸Triggered by the listing of the cactus ferruginous pygmy owl as a federally endangered species in 1997, Pima County decided to pursue a Multi-Species Habitat Conservation Plan under Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Endangered Species Act in 1998, which allows "incidental take" as long as the plan avoids, minimizes, and minimize resulting impacts by preserving critical habitat of the species in question. Biologists identified fifty-five "priority vulnerable species," nine of which were federally listed. The Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan seeks not only to secure a Section 10 permit by preserving critical habitat for the 55 species, but also to control the growth of metropolitan Tucson by preventing development within the Conservation Land System through acquisition or conservation easements. In May 2004, Pima County voters approved $174 million in open space bonds to make the SDCP a reality.

¹⁹Arizona has 9,471,000 acres of State Trust Lands, more than any other state in the nation. These lands are managed by the State Land Department for fourteen beneficiaries, the largest of which are K-12 public schools. According Arizona's Enabling Act and Constitution, these lands must be managed for "highest and best use," currently defined as the maximization of revenues. Most of the State Trust Lands are grazed by ranchers, but they can and are being sold to developers, particularly around the urban fringes of Phoenix and Tucson (Sheridan 2003).