1. Mining Inspector Charles B. Barker to the General Land Office, 5 October 1911, NA, RG 79, Series 6, El Morro National Monument, file 12-5.

2. Mining Inspector Leslie Gillett to the General Land Office, 10 September 1915, NA, RG 79, Series 6, El Morro, file 12-5.

3. Examiner of Surveys William B. Douglass to the commissioner of the General Land Office, 3 March 1909, NA, RG 79, Series 6, Navajo National Monument, file 12-5.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

6. William B. Douglass to the commissioner of the General Land Office, 22 March 1909, NA, RG 79, Series 6, Navajo National Monument, file 12-5.

7. John Wetherill to Assistant Attorney General S. V. Proudfit, 24 August 1909; and William B. Douglass to W. H. Holmes, 13 September 1909; NA, RG 79, Series 6, Navajo National Monument, file 12-5.

8. J. Walter Fewkes, A Preliminary Report on a Visit to the Navajo National Monument, Bureau of Ethnology Bulletin No. 50, (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1910), chronicles the initial Bureau of Ethnology survey at Navajo National Monument.

9. "Report on the National Monuments" 1911, NA, RG 79, Series 4, Records Relating to National Parks and Monuments 1872-1916, Records of the Office of the Chief Clerk of the Department of the Interior 1887-1916. This document appears to have been made in preparation for Frank Bond's talk at the first National Parks Conference in 1911. It closely resembles the talk he later gave.

10. Devils Postpile was originally a part of the Yosemite National Park but was excluded when the boundaries were reduced in 1905. In 1910 a regional power company applied for permission to blast the formation and use it to dam the San Joaquin River. The officers of the Sierra Club petitioned the federal government, suggesting preservation of the area as a national monument. By March 1911 there was a crisis brewing as development and the need for water were pitted against scenic and scientific interest. In part because the Devils Postpile dam was proposed by a private company and because the need for water was not pressing, the Devils Postpile situation ended more positively for preservationists than did the crisis over Hetch-Hetchy. On 6 July 1911 Devils Postpile was proclaimed a national monument under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service (see NA, RG 79, Series 6, Devils Postpile, file 12-5).

11. Frank Bond, "The Administration of National Monuments," Proceedings of the National Parks Conference held at the Yellowstone National Park September 11 and 12, 1911 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1911), 96.

12. Ibid., 80-81, 96-97, 99.

13. Shankland, Steve Mather, 52-53; Bond, "Administration of National Monuments, 95.

14. GLO Commissioner Fred Dennett to Congressman Carl Hayden, 28 April 1913, NA, RG 79, Series 6, Proposed National Parks, Papago Saguaro, file O-32.

15. Runte, National Parks, 99.

16. Ibid., 98-104. See also Shankland, Steve Mather, 51-53, 100-106; and Ise, Our National Park Policy, 185-93.