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Contents

Preface
Letter


SECTION I

Orientation
Summary


SECTION II

History
Needs
Geography
Historic Sites
Competitors
Economic Aspects


SECTION III

Federal Lands
State and Interstate
Local


SECTION IV

Division of Responsibility
Local
State
Federal
Circulation


SECTION V

Educational Opportunities




Recreational Use of Land in the United States
APPENDIX X
TABULATIONS

TABLE No. 1.—National parks
[Number 26; total area, 13,618.72 square miles or 8,741,580.49 acres]
Name Location Established Statute Area
(square
miles)
Area
(acres)
Total alien
lands
(acres)
Special chartacteristics
Abraham Lincoln (1916)Kentucky July 17, 191638 Stat. 385 0.17110.00--- Log cabin where Lincoln was horn.
Acadia (1919) 1Maine coast Feb. 26, 1919 240 Stat. 1178 21.8113,956.49--- Mountains on Mount Desert Island and point opposite.
Jan. 19, 1929 345 Stat. 1083 ---------
May 23, 1930Pub. 248, 71st Cong ---------
Bryce Canyon (1928) 1Southwestern Utah June 7, 1924 443 Stat. 593 55.0635,240.08--- Box canyon with eroded pinnacles.
Feb. 25, 1928 345 Stat. 147 ---------
May 12, 192845 Stat. 502 ---------
June 13, 1930 3Pub. 352, 71st Cong ---------
Jan. 5, 1931 3Proc. 1930 ---------
Feb. 17, 1931 3Pub. 675, 71st Cong ---------
May 4, 1931 3Proc. 1952 ---------
Carlsbad Caverns (1930)Southeastern New Mexico May 14, 1930 5Pub. 216, 71st Cong 15.569,959.161,401.32 Stupendous caverns with limestone formations.
Feb. 21. 1933 3Proc. 2001 ---------
Crater Lake (1902) 1Southwestern Oregon May 22. 190232 Stat. 302 250.52160,333.001,946.27 Lake in crater of extinct volcano.
May 14, 1932Pub. 138, 72d Cong ---------
Fort McHenry (1925)Maryland Mar. 3, 192543 Stat. 1109 .0747.00--- Birthplace of Star-Spangled Banner.
General Grant (1890) 1Middle eastern California Oct. 1, 189026 Stat. 650 3.962,536.00131.00 Grove of big trees.
Glacier (1910) 1Northwestern Montana May 11, 191036 Stat. 354 1533.88981,681.0016,025.74 Glacier-fed lakes, glaciers, precipices of the Selkirk Range.
Grand Canyon (1919) 1North central Arizona Feb. 26, 1919 640 Stat. 1175 1,009.08645,808.796,130.38 Greatest eroded canyon.
Feb. 25, 1927 344 Stat. 1238 ---------
Mar. 7 1928 345 Stat. 200-234 ---------
Grand Teton (1929) 1Northwestern Wyoming Feb. 26, 192945 Stat. 1314 150.0096,000.001,294.50 Teton Mountains ad moraine lakes.
Great Smoky Mountains (1930)North Carolina and Tennessee May 22, 192644 Stat. 616 615.76394,088.35--- To be developed. Area of Southern Appalachians.
Hawaii (1916) 1Hawaii Aug. 1, 181639 Stat. 432 245.00156,800.0022.00 Living lava craters.
May 1, 1922 342 Stat. 503 ---------
Feb. 12, 1827 345 Stat. 424 ---------
Apr. 11, 1828 344 Stat. 1087 ---------
Hot Springs (1921) 1Middle Arkansas Mar. 4, 1921 741 Stat. 1407 1.581,008.99--- Medicinal springs.
Lassen Volcanic (1916) 1Northern California Aug. 9. 1916 739 Stat. 442 163.32104,526.612,906.40 Active volcanoes, hot springs,mud geysers.
Apr. 26, 1928 345 Stat. 466 ---------
May 21, 192845 Stat. 644 ---------
Jan. 19, 1929 345 Stat. 1081 ---------
Apr. 19, 1930 3Pub. 148, 71st Cong ---------
July 3, 1930 3Pub. 507, 71st Cong ---------
Mammoth CaveKentucky May 22, 1936--- 37.4023,936.30--- Limestone caverns.
Mesa Verde (1906) 1Southwestern Colorado June 29, 190634 Stat. 616 80.2151,333.62790.00 Prehistoric cliff dwellings.
June 30, 1913 238 Stat. 82, 83, 84 ---------
May 27, 1932 3Proc. 1998 ---------
Mount McKinley (1817) 1South central Alaska Feb. 26, 193739 Stat. 938 3,030.461,939,493.00468.72 Large game herds and highest mountain in North America.
Jan. 30, 1922 342 Stat. 359 ---------
Mount Rainier (1889) 1West central Washington Mar. 2, 189930 Stat. 993 377.78241,782.001,212.99 Volcanic peak, glaciers.
May 28, 1926 344 Stat. 668 ---------
Jan. 31, 1931 3Pub. 584, 71st Cong ---------
Platt (1902)Southern Oklahoma July 1, 100232 Stat. 641, 655 1.33848.31--- Sulphur and other springs.
Apr. 21, 1904 333 Stat. 220 ---------
June 29, 190634 Stat. 837 ---------
Rocky Mountain (1915) 1North middle Colorado Jan. 26, 191538 Stat. 798 405.33259,413.007,069.49 Heart of the Rockies.
Feb. 14, 1937 339 Stat. 916 ---------
June 2, 1924 343 Stat. 252 ---------
June 9, 1926 344 Stat. 712 ---------
June 21, 1930 3Pub. 404-71st Cong ---------
July 17, 1930 3Proc. 1917 ---------
Sequoia (1890) 1Middle eastern California Sept. 25, 189026 Stat. 478 604.00386,560.001,642.87 The Big Tree National Park.
Oct. 1, 1890 326 Stat. 650 ---------
July 3, 1926 344 Stat. (pt. 2) 818 ---------
Shenandoah (1935)Virginia Dec. 26, 1935--- 275.67176,429.80--- Area of Central Appalachians.
Wind Cave (1903) 1South Dakota Jan. 9, 190332 Stat. 765 18.4711,818.94--- Cavern and big game exhibit.
Mar. 4, 1931 3Pub. 843, 71st Cong ---------
Mar. 19, 1932 3Pub. 63, 72d Cong ---------
Yellowstone (1872) 1 8Northwestern Wyoming, southwestern Montana and north eastern Idaho Mar. 1, 187217 Stat. 32, 33 3,437.882,200,240.009,802.01 Geysers, big game boiling springs, Grand Canyon of Yellowstone.
Mar. 1, 1929 345 Stat. 1435 ---------
Oct. 20, 1932 3Proc. 2013 ---------
Yosemite (1890) 1Middle eastern California Oct. 1, 189026 Stat. 650 1,176.161752,744.323,214.03 Glacial Valley, waterfalls world famed.
Feb. 7, 1905 333 Stat. 702 ---------
June 11, 1806 334 Stat. 831 ---------
May 28, 192845 Stat. 787 ---------
Mar. 2, 1929 345 Stat. 1486 ---------
Apr. 14, 1930 3Proc. 1904 ---------
Aug. 13, 1932 3Proc. 2005 ---------
Zion (1919) 1Southwestern Utah Nov. 19, 1919 941 Stat. 356 148.2694,887.731,156.70 Zion Canyon, brilliant colors.
June 13, 1930 3Pub. 351, 71st Cong ---------

1 General information circulars on these parks may be obtained free on application.

2 Sieur de Monte National Monument established June 8, 1916; name changed to Lafayette National Park Feb.26, 1919. Name changed to Acadia National Park Jan. 19, 1923.

3 Boundary changed.

4 Bryce Canyon National Monument established June 8, 1923; name changed to Utah National Park June 7, 1924; On Feb. 25 name changed to Bryce Canyon National Park.

5 Established as Carlsbad Cave National Monument Oct. 25, 1923, to May 14, 1930.

6 Grand Canyon National Monument established Jan. 11, 1908. Name changed to Grand Canyon National Park, Feb. 26, 1919.

7 Classified as national monument from May 6, 1907 to Oct. 8, 1916.

8 In Wyoming 3,138 square miles; in Montana 251.87 square miles; in Idaho 47 square miles.

9 Established as Mukuntuweap National Monument July 31, 1909. Name changed to Zion National Monument Mar. 8, 1818.



TABLE No. 2.—National historical parks
[Number 2; total area, 8.13 square miles or 5,203.41 acres]
Name Location Established Statute Area
(square
miles)
Area
(acres)
Total alien
lands
(acres)
Special chartacteristics
MorristownNorth central New Jersey July 4, 1933Pub. 409, 72d Cong1.49 953.3835.00 Washington's Revolutionary Camp.
ColonialVirginia Dec. 30, 1930Proc. 19296.64 4,250.03--- Areas of great historic importance—Jamestown Island, Williamsburg, and Yorktown.


TABLE No. 3.—National monuments
[Number 67; total area, 10,490.83 square miles or 6,714,133.60 acres]
Name Location Established Statute Area
(acres)
Total alien
lands
(acres)
Special chartacteristics
ArchesUtah Apr. 12, 1929Proc. 18754,520.00320.00 Wind erosion.
Aztec Ruins 1New Mexico Jan. 24, 192342 Stat. 229525.88--- Prehistoric ruins, pueblo type.
July 2, 1928 245 Stat. 2954------
Dec. 19, 1930 2Proc. 1928------
Bandelier  do Feb. 25, 1932Proc. 199126,026.20--- Cliff-dweller ruins.
Big Hole BattlefieldMontana June 23, 1910Ex. Order 12165.00--- Field of battle between United States troops and Nez Perce Indians.
Black Canyon of the GunnisonColorado Mar. 2, 1933Proc. 203311,157.76684.86 Spectacular gorge.
Cabrillo MonumentCalifornia Oct. 14, 191338 Stat. 1965.50--- Where Cabrillo first sighted land in territory now partly embraced in the State of California.
May 12, 192644 Stat. 2612------
Canyon de ChellyArizona Apr. 1, 1931Proc. 194583,840.00--- Cliff dwellings in colorful Box Canyon.
Capulin MountainNew Mexico Aug. 9, 191639 Stat. 1792680.37--- Cinder cone.
Casa GrandeArizona Mar. 2, 188925 Stat. 961 472.50--- Prehistoric ruins.
June 22, 1892 3Ex. Order ------
Dec. 10, 190936 Stat. 2504 ------
Aug. 3, 191840 Stat. 1818 ------
June 7, 1926 244 Stat. 698 ------
Castle PinckneySouth Carolina Oct. 15, 192443 Stat. 1968 3.50--- 1810 fort.
Cedar BreaksUtah Aug. 22, 1933Proc. 2054 5,821.05120.00 Canyons and cliffs of vivid coloring.
Chaco CanyonNew Mexico Mar. 11, 190735 Stat. 2119 21,512.37 46,433.56 Pueblo type ruins; semicircular.
Jan. 10, 1928 245 Stat. 2937 ------
ChiricahuaArizona Apr. 18, 192443 Stat. 1946 4,480.00--- Fantastic rock formations.
ColoradoColorado May 24, 191137 Stat. 1681 18,188.41700.00 Lofty monoliths.
Mar. 3, 1933 2Proc. 2037 ------
Craters of the MoonIdaho May 2, 192443 Stat. 1947 49,601.901,259.96 Volcanic region.
July 23, 1928 245 Stat. 2959 ------
July 9, 1930Proc. 1916 ------
Death ValleyCalifornia Feb. 11, 1933 2Proc. 2028 1,601,800.009,080.00 Lowest point in continental United States. Below-sea-level sink between high desert ranges, ancient pictographs.
Devil Postpile  do July 6, 191137 Stat. 1715 800.00--- Hexagonal basaltic columns.
Devils TowerWyoming Sept. 24, 190634 Stat. 3236 1,152.91--- Natural rock tower of volcanic origin.
DinosaurUtah Oct. 4, 191539 Stat. 1752 80.00--- Deposits of fossil remains.
El MorroNew Mexico Dec. 8, 1906 234 Stat. 3264 240.00--- Rock with inscriptions by early Spanish explorers. Cliff-dweller ruins.
June 18, 191740 Stat. 1673 ------
Father Millet CrossNew York Sept. 5, 192544 Stat. 2582 ------ Commemorates cross erected by Father Millett in 1688.
Fort JeffersonFlorida Jan. 4, 1935Proc. 2112 86.82--- Largest all-masonry fortification in United States.
Fossil CycadSouth Dakota Oct. 21, 182242 Stat. 2286 320.00--- Plant fossils.
Fort MarionFlorida Oct. 15, 192443 Stat. 1968 18.09--- Fort built by Spaniards in 1616.
Fort Matanzas  do   do  do 18.34--- Relic of Spanish invasion.
Jan. 9, 1935 2Proc. 2114 ------
Fort PulaskiGeorgia Oct. 15, 192443 Stat. 1968 20.00--- 1810 fort.
George Washington birthplaceVirginia Jan. 23, 1930Pub. 34, 71st Cong 394.47--- Washington's birthplace.
Gila Cliff DwellingsNew Mexico Nov. 16, 190735 Stat. 2162 160.00--- Cliff-dweller ruins.
Glacier BayAlaska Feb. 26, 192543 Stat. 1989 1,164,800.00--- Tidewater glaciers.
Gran QuiviraNew Mexico Nov. 1, 190936 Stat. 2503 610.94--- Spanish mission ruins.
Nov. 25, 1919 241 Stat. 1778 ------
Grand CanyonArizona Dec. 22, 1932Proc. 2022 273,145.0018,560.00 Grand Canyon views and volcanic phenomena.
Great Sand DunesColorado Mar. 17, 1932Proc. 1994 46,034.0012,000.00 Sand Dunes of San Luis Valley.
Holy Cross  do May 11, 1929Proc. 1877 1,392.00--- Cross in mountain side.
HovenweepUtah and Colorado Mar. 2, 192342 Stat. 2299 285.80--- Prehistoric towers, pueblos,and cliff dwellings.
Jewell CaveSouth Dakota Feb. 7, 190835 Stat. 2180 1,280.00 2--- Cavern of limestone.
KatmaiAlaska Sept. 24, 191840 Stat. 1855 2,697,590.00--- Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes and big game range.
Sept. 5, 1923Executive Order 3897 ------
Apr. 24, 1931 2Executive Order 1950 ------
Lava BedsCalifornia Nov. 21, 192544 Stat. 2591 45,967.00360.00 Exhibits of volcanic action and lava flows.
Lehman CavesNevada Jan. 24, 192242 Stat. 2260 593.00.69 Caves with stalactites.
Lewis and Clark Caverns 1Montana May 11, 190835 Stat. 2187 160.00--- Limestone caverns.
May 6, 191137 Stat. 1679 ------
Meriwether LewisTennessee Feb. 6, 192543 Stat. 1986 300.00--- Grave of Meriwether Lewis.
Dec. 16, 1927Proc ------
Montezuma CastleArizona Dec. 8, 190634 Stat. 3265 160.00 4--- Prehistoric cliff dwellings.
Mound City GroupOhio Mar. 9, 192342 Stat. 2298 57.00--- Prehistoric mounds.
Mount OlympusWashington Mar. 2, 190936 Stat. 2247 328,240.00--- Glaciers, Douglas fir forest,elk.
Apr. 17, 191237 Stat. 1737 ------
May 11, 191539 Stat. 1726 ------
Muir Woods 1California Jan. 9, 190835 Stat. 2174 427.79--- Redwood grove.
Sept. 22, 1921 242 Stat. 2249 ------
Apr. 5, 1935Proc. 2122 ------
Natural BridgesUtah Apr. 16, 190835 Stat. 2183 2,740.00 4--- Natural bridges.
Sept. 25, 190936 Stat. 2502 ------
Feb. 11, 191639 Stat. 1764 ------
NavajoArizona Mar. 20, 190936 Stat. 2491 360.00--- Cliff-dweller ruins.
Mar. 14, 191237 Stat. 1733 ------
Old KassanAlaska Oct. 25, 191639 Stat. 1812 38.00--- Abandoned Haida Indian Village
Oregon CavesOregon July 12, 190936 Stat. 2497 480.00--- Caves in limestone formation.
Petrified ForestArizona Dec. 8, 190634 Stat. 3266 90,302.3743,013.00 Petrified trees on surface of ground.
July 31, 1911 237 Stat. 1716 ------
Nov. 14, 1930 2Proc. 1927 ------
Nov. 30, 1931 2Proc. 1975 ------
Sept. 23, 1932 2Proc. 2011 ------
PinnaclesCalifornia Jan. 16, 190835 Stat. 2177 9,908.39160,00 Spirelike rock formations.
May 7, 1923 243 Stat. 1911 ------
July 2, 1924 243 Stat. 1961 ------
Apr. 13, 1931 2Proc. 1948 ------
Pipe SpringArizona May 31, 192343 Stat. 1913 40.00--- Old stone fort and spring.
Rainbow BridgeUtah May 30, 191036 Stat. 2703 160.00--- Greatest of the natural bridges.
SaguaroArizona Mar. 1, 1933Proc. 2032 63,284.00--- Giant cacti.
Scotts BluffNebraska Dec. 12, 191941 Stat, 1779 3,240.091,313.62 Early pioneer trails.
May 9, 1924 2Executive Order 4008 ------
June 1, 1932 2Proc. 1999 ------
Shoshone CavernWyoming Sept. 21, 190936 Stat. 2501 210.00--- Cavern.
SitkaAlaska Mar. 23, 191036 Stat. 2601 57.00--- Scene of massacre of Russians by Indians. Totem poles.
Statue of LibertyNew Jersey Oct. 15, 192443 Stat. 1968 2.50--- Statue of Liberty.

39 Stat. 901 ----
Sunset CraterArizona May 26, 1930Proc. 1911 3,040.00--- Volcanic crater.
Timpanogos CaveUtah Oct. 14, 192242 Stat. 2285 250.00--- Limestone cavern.
TontoArizona Dec. 19, 190735 Stat. 2168 640.00 1--- Cliff-dweller ruins.
Tumacacori  do Sept. 15, 190835 Stat. 2205 10.00--- Ruins of Franciscan mission.
VerendryeNorth Dakota June 29, 191740 Stat. 1677 253.04--- Crowhigh Butte from which Verendrye first beheld territory beyond the Missouri River.
Walnut CanyonArizona Nov. 30, 191539 Stat. 1761 960.00--- Cliff dwellings.
WheelerColorado Dec. 7, 190835 Stat. 2214 300.00--- Volcanic formations, erratic erosion.
While SandsNew Mexico Jan. 18, 1933Proc. 2025 143,145.9115,240.00 Dunes of gypsum "sands."
Nov. 28, 1934Proc. 2108 1 ------
WupatkiArizona Dec. 19, 191941 Stat. 1781 2,234.10320.00 Prehistoric dwelling of Hopi ancestors.
Yucca House 1Colorado Dec. 9, 192443 Stat. 1977 9.60--- Cliff-dweller ruins.

1 Donated to United States.

2 Boundary changed.

3 From June 22, 1892, until Aug. 3,1918, classified as a national park.

4 Estimated.



TABLE No. 4.—National military parks
[Number 11; total area, 28.82 square miles or 18,448.74 acres]
Name Location Established Statute Area
(acres)
Special chartacteristics
Chickamauga and ChattanoogaGeorgia and Tennessee Aug. 19, 189026 Stat. 3335,951.32 Battle of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge.
Fort DonelsonTennessee Mar. 26, 192845 Stat. 36792.00 Site of Civil War fort.
Fredericksburg and SpotsylvaniaVirginia Feb. 14, 192744 Stat, 10912,439.15 Scenes of 5 great Civil War battles.
GettysburgPennsylvania Feb. 11, 189528 Stat. 6512,530.00 Scene of decisive Battle of Gettysburg.
Guliford CourthouseNorth Carolina Mar. 2, 191739 Stat. 996118.50 Scene of great Revolutionary battle.
Kings MountainSouth Carolina Mar. 3, 1931Act--- Commemorating Revolutionary battle.
Moores CreekNorth Carolina June 2, 192644 Stat. 68430.00 Scene of Revolutionary battle.
PetersburgVirginia July 3, 192644 Stat. 8221,971.71 Scene of campaign and seige.
ShilohTennessee Dec. 27, 189428 Stat. 5973,583.00 Battlefield of Shiloh.
Stones River  do Mar. 3, 192744 Stat. 1399410.60 Scene of Battle of Stones River.
VicksburgMississippi Feb. 21, 188930 Stat. 8411,322.46 Scene of siege and surrender of Vicksburg.

1 Donated in whole or in part to the United States.



TABLE No. 5.—Battlefield sites
[Number 10; total area, 136.00 acres]
Name Location Established Statute Area
(acres)
Special chartacteristics
Antietam BattlefieldMaryland Aug. 30, 189026 Stat. 40150.00 Site of one of the greatest battles of Civil War.
AppomattoxVirginia June 18, 193046 Stat. 7771.00 Monument commemorating termination of the War between the States.
Brices Cross RoadsMississippi Feb. 21, 192945 Stat. 12541.00 Civil War battle site.
Chalmette Monument and GroundsLouisiana Mar. 4, 190734 Stat. 141118.00 In memory of the Battle of New Orleans.
June 2, 1930Act---
CowpensSouth Carolina Mar. 4, 192945 Stat. 15581.00 Site of Revolutionary battle.
Fort NecessityPennsylvania Mar. 4, 1931Act3.00 Site of battle between troops of Washington and French and Indians.
Kennesaw MountainGeorgia Feb. 8, 1917---60.00 Site of Civil War battle.
MonocacyMaryland Mar. 1, 192945 Stat. 14441.00   Do
Tupelo Mississippi Feb. 21, 192945 Stat. 12541.00 Commemorates Battle of Tupelo.
White Plains BattlefieldNew York May 18, 192644 Stat. 562--- A position of Army under Washington.


TABLE No. 6.—Miscellaneous memorials
[Number 4; total area, 315.00 acres]
Name Location Established Statute Area
(acres)
Special chartacteristics
Camp Blount tabletsTennessee June 23, 1930ActNone Site of mobilization under General Joe against Spanish and Indians in Florida.
Kill Devil HillNorth Carolina Mar. 2, 192744 Stat. 1264314.00 Scene of first sustained flight by heavier-than-air machine.
Lee MansionVirginia Mar. 4, 192543 Stat. 1356None Home of Robert F. Lee.
New EchotaGeorgia May 28, 193146 Stat. 4311.00 Site of capital of Cherokee Indians.


TABLE No. 7.—National cemeteries
[Number 11; total area, 260.11 acres]
Name Location Established Statute Area
(acres)
Special chartacteristics
AntietamMaryland _____, 1862---10.00
BattlegroundDistrict of Columbia _____, 1864---1.33
ChattanoogaTennessee _____, 1863---129.86
Fort Donelson  do _____, 1867---15.75
FredericksburgVirginia _____, 1865---12.00
GettysburgPennsylvania _____, 1863---17.00
Poplar GroveVirginia July 18, 1866---8.65
ShilohTennesseeo _____, 1866---9.00
Stones River  do _____, 1865---18.52
VicksburgMississippi _____, 1865---35.00
YorktownVirginia _____, 1866------


TABLE No. 8.—National capital parks
[Total area 6,775.11 acres]
Name Location Established Statute Area
(acres)
Special chartacteristics
National Capital Parks District of Columbia and environs July 16, 17901 Stat. 1306,775.11 The park system of the District of Columbia 683 reservations.
May 1, 18022 Stat. 175---
Apr. 29, 18163 Stat. 324---
Mar. 3, 18499 Stat. 396---
Mar. 2, 186714 Stat. 466---
July 1, 189830 Stat. 570---
Feb. 26, 192543 Stat. 570---



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