Horseshoe Bend
National Military Park
11288 Horseshoe Bend Road
Daviston, AL 36256
256-234-7111

On March 27, 1814, at the “horseshoe bend” on the Tallapoosa River, Gen. Andrew Jackson’s forces broke the power of the Upper Creek Indian Confederacy and opened large parts of Alabama and Georgia to settlement.

Little River Canyon
National Preserve
2141 Gault Avenue North
Fort Payne, AL 35967-3673
256-845-9605

The preserve protects the natural, recreational, and cultural resources of the Little River Canyon of northeast Alabama. A variety of rock expanses, benches, and bluffs creates a unique environment for several threatened and endangered species and for recreational pursuits, including kayaking and rock climbing. Hunting, fishing, and trapping are permitted.

Natchez Trace
National Scenic Trail
(See Mississippi)

Natchez Trace Parkway
(See Mississippi)

Russell Cave
National Monument
3729 County Road 98
Bridgeport, AL 35740-9770
205-495-2672

An almost continuous archeological record of human habitation from at least 7000 B.C.E. to about 1650 C.E.—Transitional Paleo to Mississippian cultural periods—is revealed in this cave.

Tuskegee Airmen
National Historic Site
c/o Tuskegee Institute
National Historic Site
P.O. Drawer 10
Tuskegee Institute, AL
36087-0010
334-724-0922

This site preserves the airfield, historic hangar, and other buildings at Moton Field, where African American pilots known as the Tuskegee Airmen received their initial flight training during World War II.

Tuskegee Institute
National Historic Site
PO Drawer 10
Tuskegee Institute, AL
36087-0010
334-727-3200

Booker T. Washington founded this college for African Americans in 1881. Preserved here are the brick buildings the students constructed themselves, Washington’s home, and the George Washington Carver Museum, which serves as the visitor center. The college is still an active institution that owns most of the property within the national historic site.

Alagnak Wild River
Katmai National Park
and Preserve
PO Box 7
King Salmon, AK 99613-0007
907-246-3305

The Alagnak River flows from Kukaklek Lake in Katmai National Preserve and offers 69 miles of outstanding whitewater floating. The river is also noted for abundant wildlife and sport fishing for five species of salmon.

Aniakchak
National Monument and
Aniakchak
National Preserve
PO Box 7
King Salmon, AK 99613-0007
907-246-3305

The Aniakchak Caldera, covering some 30 square miles, is one of the great dry calderas in the world. Located in the volcanically active Aleutian Mountains, the Aniakchak last erupted in 1931. The crater includes lava flows, cinder cones, and explosion pits, as well as Surprise Lake, source of the Aniakchak River, which cascades through a 1,500-foot gash in the crater wall. NO FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Bering Land Bridge
National Preserve
PO Box 220
Nome, AK 99762-0220
907-443-2522

Located on the Seward Peninsula, the preserve is a remnant of the land bridge that once connected Asia with North America over 13,000 years ago. Paleontological and archeological resources abound; large populations of migratory birds nest here. Ash explosion craters and lava flows, rare in the Arctic, are present. LIMITED FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Cape Krusenstern
National Monument
PO Box 1029
Kotzebue, AK 99752-0029
907-442-3890

Archeological sites located along a succession of 114 lateral beach ridges illustrate Eskimo communities of every known cultural period in Alaska, dating back some 4,000 years. LIMITED FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Denali National Park and
Denali National Preserve
PO Box 9
McKinley Park, AK
99755-0009
907-683-2294

The park contains North America’s highest mountain, 20,320-foot Mount McKinley. Large glaciers of the Alaska Range, caribou, Dall sheep, moose, grizzly bears, and timber wolves are highlights of this national park and preserve.

Gates of the Arctic
National Park and
Gates of the Arctic
National Preserve
201 First Avenue
Doyon Building
Fairbanks, AK 99701-4848
907-457-5752

Lying north of the Arctic Circle, the park and preserve include part of the Central Brooks Range, the northernmost extension of the Rocky Mountains. Often called the greatest wilderness in North America, these NPS units are characterized by jagged peaks, gentle arctic valleys, wild rivers, and many lakes. With adjacent Kobuk Valley National Park and Noatak National Preserve, they form one of the largest park areas in the world.

Glacier Bay National Park
and Glacier Bay
National Preserve
PO Box 140
Gustavus, AK 99826-0140
907-697-2232

Great tidewater glaciers, a dramatic range of plant communities from rocky terrain recently covered by ice to lush temperate rain forest, and a large variety of animals, including grizzly bears, mountain goats, whales, seals, and eagles, are found within these parks.

Katmai National Park and
Katmai National Preserve
PO Box 7
King Salmon, AK 99613-0007
907-246-3305

Variety marks this vast land: lakes, forests, mountains, and marshlands abound in wildlife. The Alaska brown bear, the world’s largest carnivore, thrives here, feeding on red salmon that spawn in the lakes and streams. Wild rivers and renowned sport fishing add to the attractions of this subarctic environment. Here, in 1912, Novarupta Volcano erupted violently, forming the ash-filled “Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes” where steam rose from countless fumaroles.

Kenai Fjords
National Park
PO Box 1727
Seward, AK 99664-1727
907-224-7500

The park includes one of the four major ice caps in the U.S., the 300-square-mile Harding Icefield, and coastal fjords. Here a rich, varied rain forest is home to tens of thousands of breeding birds, and adjoining marine waters support a multitude of sea lions, sea otters, and seals. The visitor center is in Seward, 10 miles from the park.

Klondike Gold Rush
National Historical Park
PO Box 517
Skagway, AK 99840-0517
907-983-2921
(See also Washington)

Historic buildings and exhibits in Skagway and portions of Chilkoot and White Pass trails, all prominent in the 1898 gold rush, are included in the park. A visitor center and 13 other restored historic buildings are in downtown Skagway.

Kobuk Valley
National Park
PO Box 1029
Kotzebue, AK 99752-1029
907-442-3890

Embracing the central valley of the Kobuk River, the park, located north of the Arctic Circle, includes a blend of biological, geological, and cultural resources. Here, in the northernmost extent of the boreal forest, a rich array of arctic wildlife can be found, including caribou, grizzly and black bear, wolf, and fox. LIMITED FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Lake Clark National Park
and Lake Clark
National Preserve
4230 University Drive
Suite 311
Anchorage, AK 99508-4626
907-271-3751

Located in the heart of the Chigmit mountains, the park and preserve contain great geologic diversity, including jagged peaks, granite spires, and two symmetrical active volcanoes. Over a score of glacially carved lakes rim the mountain mass. Lake Clark, over 40 miles long, is the largest lake here and also the headwaters for red salmon spawning.

Noatak National Preserve
PO Box 1029
Kotzebue, AK 99752-0129
907-442-3890

The Noatak River basin is the largest mountain-ringed river basin in the nation still virtually unaffected. The preserve includes landforms of great scientific interest, including the 65-mile-long Grand Canyon of the Noatak, a transition zone and migration route for plants and animals between subarctic and arctic environments. It also has an array of flora among the most diverse anywhere in the Earth’s northern latitudes. LIMITED FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Sitka
National Historical Park
106 Metlakatla Street
Sitka, AK 99835-7665
907-747-6281

The site of the 1804 fort and battle that marked the last major Tlingit Indian resistance to Russian colonization is preserved here. Tlingit totem poles and crafts are exhibited. The Russian Bishop’s House, built in 1842, is the oldest intact piece of Russian-American architecture.

Wrangell-St. Elias
National Park and
Wrangell-St. Elias
National Preserve
PO Box 439
Copper Center, AK 99573
907-822-5234

The Chugach, Wrangell, and St. Elias mountain ranges converge here in what is often referred to as the “mountain kingdom of North America.” The national park is the largest unit of the National Park System. The park and preserve include the continent’s largest assemblage of glaciers and the greatest collection of peaks above 16,000 feet, including Mount St. Elias. At 18,008 feet it is the second highest peak in the U.S.

Yukon-Charley Rivers
National Preserve
201 First Avenue
Doyon Building
Fairbanks, AK 99701-4848
907-457-5752

Located along the Canadian border in central Alaska, the preserve protects 115 miles of the 1,800-mile Yukon River and the entire Charley River basin. Old cabins and relics are reminders of the importance of the Yukon River during the 1898 gold rush. The Charley, an 88-mile wild river, is considered by many to be the most spectacular river in Alaska. LIMITED FEDERAL FACILITIES.

World War II
Valor in the Pacific
National Monument
(See Hawaii)

National Park of
American Samoa
Pago Pago
American Samoa 96799-0001
684-633-7082

Paleotropical rain forests, pristine coral reefs, and white sand beaches on three volcanic islands in the South Pacific are home to a variety of tropical animals, including the flying fox fruit bat. Overnights in villages are encouraged.

Canyon de Chelly
National Monument
PO Box 588
Chinle, AZ 86503-0588
928-674-5500

In canyon wall alcoves and at the base of sheer red cliffs are remains of American Indian villages built between 350 and 1300. Navajos live and farm here today.

Casa Grande Ruins
National Monument
1100 Ruins Drive
Coolidge, AZ 85228-3200
520-723-3172

This multi-storied, earthen-walled structure surrounded by the remains of smaller buildings and a compound wall was constructed by the Hohokam, who farmed the Gila Valley in the early 1200s. Casa Grande was abandoned by the mid-1400s.

Chiricahua
National Monument
12856 E. Rhyolite Creek Rd.
Willcox, AZ 85643-9737
520-824-3560

The rock formations here were created millions of years ago by volcanic activity, resulting in a landscape of rare beauty. Faraway Ranch, a cattle ranch/guest ranch, has been restored.

Coronado
National Memorial
4101 East Montezuma
Canyon Road
Hereford, AZ 85615-9376
520-366-5515

In a natural setting on the Mexican border, the memorial commemorates the first organized expedition into the Southwest led by Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540 and affirms the ties that bind the United States to Mexico and Spain.

Fort Bowie
National Historic Site
3327 S. Old Fort Bowie Road
Bowie, AZ 85605-0158
520-847-2500

Established in 1862, the fort was the focal point of military operations against the Chiricahua Apache. The site also preserves part of the Butterfield Overland Mail Route.

Glen Canyon
National Recreation Area
(See Utah)

Grand Canyon
National Park
PO Box 129
Grand Canyon, AZ 86023-0129
928-638-7888

The park’s famous Grand Canyon of the Colorado River encompasses 277 miles of the river and adjacent uplands, from the southern terminus of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area to the eastern boundary of Lake Mead National Recreation Area. Formations illustrate periods of geological history.

Hohokam Pima
National Monument
c/o Casa Grande Ruins
National Monument
1100 Ruins Drive
Coolidge, AZ 85228-3200
520-723-3172

Preserved here are the archeological remains of the Hohokam culture. Hohokam is a Pima Indian word meaning “those who have gone.” NOT OPEN TO THE PUBLIC.

Hubbell Trading Post
National Historic Site
PO Box 150
Ganado, AZ 86505-0150
928-755-3475

Little changed since its opening in 1878, Hubbell is the oldest continuously operated trading post on the Navajo Reservation. It has been a bridge between cultures for generations.

Lake Mead
National Recreation Area
(See Nevada)

Montezuma Castle
National Monument
PO Box 219
Camp Verde, AZ 86322-0219
928-567-5276

Built in the 1100s and 1200s, this five-story, 20-room cliff dwelling is one of the best preserved in the United States. Included is Montezuma Well, a collapsed limestone sinkhole that contains invertebrates found nowhere else in the world.

Navajo
National Monument
HC 71, Box 3
Tonalea, AZ 86044-9704
928-672-2700

Ancient cliff dwellers built three dwellings here: Betatakin, Keet Seel, and Inscription House (closed to the public due to its fragility).

Organ Pipe Cactus
National Monument
10 Organ Pipe Drive
Ajo, AZ 85321-9626
520-387-6849

Sonoran Desert plants and animals found nowhere else in the United States are protected here, as are traces of the Camino del Diablo historic trail.

Petrified Forest
National Park
PO Box 2217
Petrified Forest, AZ 86028
928-524-6228

Featured are petrified logs composed of multicolored quartz; shortgrass prairie; part of the Painted Desert; and archeological, paleontological, historic, and cultural resources.

Pipe Spring
National Monument
HC 65, Box 5
Fredonia, AZ 86022
928-643-7105

The springs have sustained hundreds of years of cultural occupation. The Ancestral Puebloan culture thrived here, followed by the Paiute people and Mormon pioneers. Historic structures associated with the 1870s pioneer ranching operation remain.

Saguaro National Park
3693 South Old Spanish Trail
Tucson, AZ 85730-5601
520-733-5100

Giant saguaro cacti, unique to the Sonoran Desert, cover the valley floor and rise into the neighboring mountains. Five biotic life zones are represented, from desert to ponderosa pine forest. There are also ancient petroglyphs.

Sunset Crater Volcano
National Monument
6400 N. Highway 89
Flagstaff, AZ 86004
928-526-0502

This volcanic cinder cone with summit crater was formed just before 1100. Its upper part is colored as if by a sunset.

Tonto
National Monument
HC 02, Box 4602
Roosevelt, AZ 85545
928-467-2241

Between the 1200s and 1300s, the Salado culture farmed the Salt River Basin, leaving behind these well-preserved cliff dwellings.

Tumacacori
National Historical Park
PO Box 67
Tumacacori, AZ 85640-0067
520-398-2341

This historic Spanish Catholic mission building stands near the site first visited by Jesuit Father Kino in 1691. The park includes two other separate mission ruins sites, Calabazas and Guevavi, that are not yet open to the public. The primary site at Tumacacori includes a partially restored Franciscan church that is still used to celebrate special events.

Tuzigoot
National Monument
PO Box 219
Camp Verde, AZ 86322-0219
928-567-5276

Ruins of a large Indian pueblo that flourished in the Verde Valley between 1100 and 1450 have been excavated here.

Walnut Canyon
National Monument
6400 N. Highway 89
Flagstaff, AZ 86004

These cliff dwellings were built in shallow caves under ledges of limestone by Sinagua People about 800 years ago.

Wupatki
National Monument
6400 N. Highway 89
Flagstaff, AZ 86004
928-679-2365

Ruins of red sandstone pueblos built by farming Ancestral Puebloan people between 1120 and 1250 are preserved here.

Arkansas Post
National Memorial
1741 Old Post Road
Gillett, AR 72055-9707
870-548-2207

The park commemorates key events that occurred on site and nearby: the first semi-permanent European settlement in the Lower Mississippi Valley (1686); a Revolutionary War skirmish (1783); the first territorial capital of Arkansas (1819–1821); and the Civil War Battle of Arkansas Post (1863).

Buffalo National River
402 North Walnut
Suite 136
Harrison, AR 72601-1173
870-365-2700

Offering both swift-running and placid stretches, the Buffalo is one of the few remaining unpolluted, free-flowing rivers in the lower 48 states. It courses through multicolored bluffs and past numerous springs along its 135.75-mile length.

Fort Smith
National Historic Site
PO Box 1406
Fort Smith, AR 72902-1406
479-783-3961
(Also in Oklahoma)

This was one of the first U.S. military posts in the Louisiana Territory and served as a base of operations for enforcing federal Indian policy from 1817 to 1896. The park contains the remains of two frontier military forts and a federal court.

Hot Springs
National Park
101 Reserve Street
Hot Springs, AR 71901-4195
501-623-2824

The 47 hot springs, numerous hiking trails, and scenic drives are located in the forested Ouachita Mountains. Eight historically and architecturally significant bathhouses compose Bathhouse Row, a National Historic Landmark District. Thermal bathing continues today.

Little Rock
Central High School
National Historic Site
2120 Daisy Bates Drive
Little Rock, AR 72202-5212
501-374-1957

The park commemorates the struggle in 1957 to desegregate Central High School and the role these events played as a catalyst for the civil rights movement. The site emphasizes the stories of citizens who exercised their rights to pursue justice and equal treatment.

Pea Ridge
National Military Park
PO Box 700
Pea Ridge, AR 72751-0700
501-451-8122

The victory here on March 7–8, 1862, in one of the major battles of the Civil War west of the Mississippi, allowed the Union to maintain control of Missouri, thus assisting the strategic Mississippi campaign. Among the Confederate troops at Pea Ridge were about 1,000 Cherokee and Choctaw-Chickasaw Indians.

Cabrillo
National Monument
1800 Cabrillo Memorial Drive
San Diego, CA 92106-3601
619-557-5450

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, Iberian explorer who claimed this coast for Spain in 1542, is memorialized here. Old Point Loma Lighthouse is restored to its most active period—the 1880s. Remnants of World War II coastal defense batteries dot the landscape. Gray whales migrate offshore in winter. Intertidal habitats are among the most sensitive in the world.

Channel Islands
National Park
1901 Spinnaker Drive
Ventura, CA 93001-4354
805-658-5730

The park consists of five islands off southern California: San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Barbara. Nesting sea birds, sea lion rookeries, and unique plants inhabit the area. Anacapa, Santa Rosa, and Santa Barbara are administered by the National Park Service; Santa Cruz Island is administered by the National Park Service and The Nature Conservancy; San Miguel, by the National Park Service and the U.S. Navy.

Death Valley
National Park
PO Box 579
Death Valley, CA 92328-0579
760-786-3200
(Also in Nevada)

This large desert, nearly surrounded by high mountains, contains the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere. The area includes Scotty’s Castle, the grandiose home of a famous prospector, and other remnants of gold and borax mining.

Devils Postpile
National Monument
PO Box 3999
Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546
760-934-2289

Hot lava cooled and cracked some 100,000 years ago to form basalt columns 40 to 60 feet high resembling a giant pipe organ. The John Muir Trail and Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail traverse the monument.

Eugene O’Neill
National Historic Site
PO Box 280
Danville, CA 94526-0280
925-838-0249

Tao House was built for playwright Eugene O’Neill, who lived here from 1937 to 1944. “The Iceman Cometh” and “Long Day’s Journey Into Night” were written here.

Fort Point
National Historic Site
Fort Mason, Building 201
San Francisco, CA 94123
415-556-1693

This classic brick and granite mid-1800s coastal fort is the only one of its style on the west coast of the United States.

Golden Gate
National Recreation Area
Fort Mason, Building 201
San Francisco, CA 94123
415-561-4700

The park encompasses shoreline areas of San Francisco, Marin, and San Mateo counties, including ocean beaches, redwood forest, lagoons, marshes, military properties, a cultural center at Fort Mason, and Alcatraz Island.

John Muir
National Historic Site
4202 Alhambra Avenue
Martinez, CA 94553-3883
925-228-8860

The home of conservationist John Muir, Martinez Adobe, Mt. Wanda, and his gravesite honor Muir’s contributions.

Joshua Tree
National Park
74485 National Park Drive
Twentynine Palms, CA 92277
760-367-5500

A representative stand of Joshua trees and a great variety of plants and animals exist in this desert region.

Kings Canyon
National Park
47050 Generals Highway
Three Rivers, CA 93271-9651
559-565-3341

Two enormous canyons of the Kings River and the summit peaks of the High Sierra dominate this mountain wilderness.

Lassen Volcanic
National Park
PO Box 100
Mineral, CA 96063-0100
530-595-4444

Lassen Peak erupted intermittently from 1914 to 1921. Active volcanism includes boiling springs, steaming fumaroles, mud pots, and sulfurous vents.

Lava Beds
National Monument
1 Indian Wells Headquarters
Tulelake, CA 96134-8216
530-667-2282

Volcanic activity spewed forth molten rock and lava here, creating an incredibly rugged landscape—a natural fortress used by American Indians in the Modoc Indian War, 1872–73.

Manzanar
National Historic Site
PO Box 426
Independence, CA 93526-0426
760-878-2932

Located in the Owens Valley of eastern California, the site protects and interprets the historical, cultural, and natural resources associated with the relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Mojave National Preserve
2701 Barstow Road
Barstow, CA 92311
760-252-6100

The preserve protects the fragile habitat of the desert tortoise, vast open spaces, and historic mining scenes like the Kelso railroad depot.

Muir Woods
National Monument
Mill Valley, CA 94941-2696
415-388-2596

This virgin stand of coastal redwoods was named for John Muir, writer and conservationist.

Pinnacles
National Monument
5000 Highway 146
Paicines, CA 95043-9770
831-389-4485

Spirelike rock formations 500 to 1,200 feet high, with caves and a variety of volcanic features, rise above the smooth contours of the surrounding countryside.

Point Reyes
National Seashore
Point Reyes, CA 94956-9799
415-464-5100

This peninsula near San Francisco is noted for its long beaches backed by tall cliffs, lagoons and esteros, forested ridges, and offshore bird and sea lion colonies. The park contains a historic ranching area.

Redwood National Park
1111 Second Street
Crescent City, CA 95531-4198
707-464-6101

Coastal redwood forests with virgin groves of ancient trees, including the world’s tallest, thrive in the foggy and temperate climate. The park includes 40 miles of scenic Pacific coastline.

Rosie the Riveter/
World War II Home Front
National Historical Park
1401 Marina Way South
Suite C
Richmond, CA 94804
510-232-5050

Commemorates the contributions of those who supported World War II: workers, including women and minorities, in the war industries and those who stayed stateside and recycled and collected and saved and sacrificed. The shipyards, day care centers, first managed-health-care hospital, war worker housing, and a liberty ship built in the shipyards are included in the park. Sites open to the public include the Rosie the Riveter Memorial and additional memorials along the Bay Trail through former shipyards. UNDER DEVELOPMENT.

San Francisco Maritime
National Historical Park
Bldg. E, Fort Mason Center
San Francisco, CA 94123
415-447-5000

A fleet of historic vessels at Hyde Street Pier commemorating the achievements of seafaring Americans; small craft collection; research library, document center, and maritime archives complex; maritime museum; and the WPA-built Aquatic Park district are highlights of this waterfront park.

Santa Monica Mountains
National Recreation Area
401 West Hillcrest Drive
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
805-370-2301

This recreation area near Los Angeles offers rugged mountains, a coastline with sandy beaches and rocky shores, canyons covered with chaparral, and abundant wildlife. The area preserves a Mediterranean ecosystem, shelters wildlife habitat, and includes historical areas like Paramount Ranch and Satwiwa American Indian cultural centers.

Sequoia National Park
47050 Generals Highway
Three Rivers, CA 93271
559-565-3341

Great groves of giant sequoias, the world’s largest living things, Mineral King Valley, and Mount Whitney, the highest mountain in the U.S. outside of Alaska, are spectacular attractions here in the High Sierra.

Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity
National Recreation Area
PO Box 188
Whiskeytown, CA 96095
530-242-3400

Whiskeytown Unit, with its mountainous backcountry and large reservoir, provides a multitude of outdoor recreation opportunities as well as remains of buildings built during the Gold Rush. Shasta and Trinity Units are administered by the Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.

World War II
Valor in the Pacific
National Monument
(See Hawaii)

Yosemite National Park
PO Box 577
Yosemite National Park, CA
95389-0577
209-372-0200

Granite peaks and domes rise high above broad meadows in the heart of the Sierra Nevada; groves of giant sequoias dwarf other trees and tiny wildflowers; and mountains, lakes, and waterfalls, including the nation’s highest, are found here.

Bent’s Old Fort
National Historic Site
35110 Highway 194 East
La Junta, CO 81050-9523
719-383-5010

The fort, now completely reconstructed on its original site north of the Arkansas River, was an important fur trading post between 1833 and 1849, where Indians and trappers exchanged furs for trade goods.

Black Canyon of the
Gunnison
National Park
102 Elk Creek
Gunnison, CO 81230
970-641-2337

The ancient Gunnison River was wedged here by volcanic deposits and committed to a course from which it could not escape. Monolithic rock walls rise 2,000 feet above the river.

Colorado
National Monument
Fruita, CO 81521-0001
970-858-3617

Sheer-walled canyons, towering monoliths, soaring arches, weird formations, dinosaur fossils, and remains of prehistoric Indian cultures reflect the environment and history of this colorful sandstone country.

Curecanti
National Recreation Area
102 Elk Creek
Gunnison, CO 81230
970-641-2337

Three reservoirs—Blue Mesa, Morrow Point, and Crystal—extend for 40 miles along the Gunnison River and Black Canyon, with excellent water recreation, hiking, and camping. Blue Mesa Reservoir is the largest lake in Colorado.

Dinosaur
National Monument
4545 E. Highway 40
Dinosaur, CO 81610-9724
(Also in Utah)
970-374-3000

The quarry here is the single most important Jurassic dinosaur paleontological site found anywhere. The monument also has a nearly complete stratigraphic geologic record.

Florissant Fossil Beds
National Monument
PO Box 185
Florissant, CO 80816-0185
719-748-3253

A wealth of fossil insects, leaves, fish, birds, and small mammals is preserved here. Few areas in the world yield more fossil species. Here too are standing petrified sequoia stumps.

Great Sand Dunes
National Park and
Great Sand Dunes
National Preserve
11500 Highway 150
Mosca, CO 81146-9798
719-378-6300

The tallest in North America, these dunes developed as southwesterly winds blew ancient alluvial sediments from the San Luis Valley toward the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The preserve, containing the entire surface watershed and primary topographic features interacting with the Great Sand Dunes, ranges in elevation from 8,000 to over 13,000 feet and includes life zones from desert to alpine tundra.

Hovenweep
National Monument
(See Utah)

Mesa Verde National Park
PO Box 8
Mesa Verde National
Park, CO 81330-0008
970-529-4465

These world-famous cliff dwellings and other works of the Ancestral Puebloan people are the most notable and best preserved in the United States.

Rocky Mountain
National Park
1000 Highway 36
Estes Park, CO 80517-8397
970-586-1206

The park’s rich scenery, typifying the massive grandeur of the Rocky Mountains, is accessible by Trail Ridge Road, which crosses the Continental Divide. Peaks towering over 14,000 feet shadow wildlife and wildflowers in these 415 square miles of the Rockies.

Sand Creek Massacre
National Historic Site
PO Box 249
Eads, CO 81036
719-438-5916

On November 29, 1864, U.S. soldiers attacked a peaceful encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho along Sand Creek. Over 150 Indians were killed; most were women, children, or the elderly. The Sand Creek Massacre profoundly influenced U.S.-Indian relations and changed Southern Cheyenne and Southern Arapaho culture. The site preserves the cultural and natural landscape and enhances public understanding of the tragedy.

Yucca House
National Monument
c/o Mesa Verde
National Park
PO Box 8
Mesa Verde National
Park, CO 81330-0008
970-529-4465

Ruins of these large prehistoric Indian pueblos are as yet unexcavated. NO FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Weir Farm
National Historic Site
735 Nod Hill Road
Wilton, CT 06897-1309
203-834-1896

Weir farm was home to three generations of American artists. Julian Alden Weir, a leader in American art and the development of American Impressionism, acquired the farm in 1882. Weir’s daughter, painter Dorothy Weir Young, sculptor Mahonri Young, and New England painters and preservationists Sperry and Doris Andrews continued the artistic legacy.

Carter G. Woodson Home
National Historic Site
c/o Mary McLeod Bethune
Council House NHS
1318 Vermont Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20005-3607
202-673-2402

Dr. Woodson lived in this house at 1538 9th Street, NW, in Washington, D.C., from 1915 until his death in 1950. He directed operations of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History while pursuing his own studies of African American history. After his death, the home served as the association’s national headquarters until the early 1970s. NOT OPEN TO THE PUBLIC.

Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal
National Historical Park
(See Maryland)

Constitution Gardens
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-426-6841

This 40-acre park was constructed during the American Revolution Bicentennial in 1976. On an island in a lake is a memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence.

Ford’s Theatre
National Historic Site
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-426-6924

On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was shot while attending a play here at 511 Tenth Street, NW. He was carried across the street to the Petersen house, where he died the next morning. The museum beneath the theater contains portions of the Olroyd Collection of Lincolniana.

Franklin Delano
Roosevelt Memorial
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-426-6841

Located along the Cherry Tree Walk on the Tidal Basin near the national mall, this memorial designed by Lawrence Halprin is dedicated to FDR and his times. Twelve years of American history are traced through a sequence of four outdoor rooms—each devoted to one of FDR’s four terms in office. Sculptures inspired by photographs depict the 32nd president: A 10-foot statue shows him in his wheeled chair; a bas-relief depicts him riding in a car during his first inaugural.

Frederick Douglass
National Historic Site
1411 W Street, SE
Washington, DC 20020-4813
202-426-5961

From 1877 to 1895 this was the home of the nation’s leading African American spokesman. Among other achievements, he was U.S. minister to Haiti in 1889.

George Washington
Memorial Parkway
(See Virginia)

Korean War Veterans
Memorial
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-426-6841

Southeast of the Lincoln Memorial on Independence Avenue, a grouping of 19 statues of infantry soldiers by sculptor Frank Gaylord stand before a polished granite wall bearing the images of support personnel.

Lincoln Memorial
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-426-6841

This classical structure of great beauty contains a 19-foot-high marble statue of the Great Emancipator by sculptor Daniel Chester French. Architect of the building was Henry Bacon.

Lyndon Baines Johnson
Memorial Grove on
the Potomac
c/o George Washington
Memorial Parkway
Turkey Run Park
McLean, VA 22101-0001
703-289-2500

A living memorial to the 36th president, the park overlooks the Potomac River vista of the Capital. The design features 500 white pines and inscriptions on Texas granite.

Mary McLeod Bethune
Council House
National Historic Site
1318 Vermont Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20005-3607
202-673-2402

This was the headquarters of the National Council of Negro Women, established by Mary McLeod Bethune in 1935. It commemorates Bethune’s leadership in the black women’s rights movement from 1943 to 1949.

National Capital Parks
National Capital Region
1100 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0001
202-485-9880

The park system of the Nation’s Capital comprises parks, parkways, and reservations in the District of Columbia, including such properties as the Battleground National Cemetery, the President’s Parks (Lafayette Park north of the White House and the Ellipse south of the White House), a variety of military fortifications, and green areas.

National Mall
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-485-9880

This landscaped park extending from the Capitol to the Washington Monument was defined as a principal axis in the L’Enfant Plan for the city of Washington.

Pennsylvania Avenue
National Historic Site
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-426-6841

Pennsylvania Avenue, linking the Capitol to the White House, serves as America’s Main Street, providing a setting for parades and cultural activities. The site encompasses Ford’s Theatre National Historic Site, several blocks of the Washington commercial district—including the Old Post Office—and a number of federal structures.

Potomac Heritage
National Scenic Trail
(See Maryland)

Rock Creek Park
3545 Williamsburg La., NW
Washington, DC 20008-1207
202-895-6004

One of the largest natural urban parks in the United States, this wooded preserve also contains a range of historic and recreational features in the midst of Washington.

Theodore Roosevelt
Island
c/o George Washington
Memorial Parkway
Turkey Run Park
McLean, VA 22101-0001
703-289-2500

On this wooded island sanctuary in the Potomac River, trails lead to an imposing statue of Roosevelt, the conservation-minded 26th president, by Paul Manship. His tenets on nature, manhood, youth, and the state are inscribed on tablets.

Thomas Jefferson
Memorial
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-485-9880

This circular, colonnaded structure in the classical style introduced in this country by Jefferson memorializes the author of the Declaration of Independence and president from 1801 to 1809. The interior walls present inscriptions from his writings. The heroic statue was sculpted by Rudolph Evans; architects were John Russell Pope and his associates Otto Eggers and Daniel Higgins.

Vietnam Veterans
Memorial
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-485-9880

Located near the Lincoln Memorial at the west end of Constitution Gardens, the polished black granite wall is inscribed with the names of over 58,000 persons who gave their lives in the Vietnam war or remain missing. The memorial was designed by Maya Ying Lin. The entrance plaza includes a flagstaff and a bronze statue of three Vietnam war servicemen sculpted by Frederick Hart. In 1993 the Vietnam Women’s Memorial, by Glenna Goodacre, was added to represent the contribution of women Vietnam veterans.

Washington Monument
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-485-9880

A dominating feature of the Nation’s Capital, this 555-foot obelisk honors the country’s first president, George Washington. The architect-designer was Robert Mills, but Lt. Col. Thomas Casey of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers redesigned and completed the monument.

White House
c/o National Capital Region
1100 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0001
202-619-6344

The White House has been the residence and office of U.S. presidents since November 1800, and it symbolizes the presidency. The cornerstone was laid Oct. 13, 1792, on the site selected by George Washington and included in the L’Enfant Plan; renovations were made 1949–52.

World War II Memorial
c/o National Mall and
Memorial Parks
900 Ohio Drive, SW
Washington, DC 20242-0004
202-426-6841

The memorial honors the 16 million Americans who served during World War II, along with the millions who supported them on the home front during a time of unprecedented national unity. A wall contains 4,000 gold stars symbolizing the over 400,000 Americans who died during the war. Architect Friedrich St. Florian designed the memorial.

Big Cypress
National Preserve
HCR 61, Box 110
Ochopee, FL 34141
239-695-2000

This large area protects the watershed for the threatened ecosystem of South Florida. Subtropical plant and animal life abounds in a park that is home to endangered species like the Florida panther and the red-cockaded woodpecker.

Biscayne National Park
9700 SW 328 Street
Homestead, FL 33033-5634
305-230-7275

Subtropical islands form a north-south chain, with Biscayne Bay on the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east. The park protects interrelated marine systems including mangrove shoreline, bay communities, subtropical keys, and the northernmost coral reef in the United States.

Canaveral
National Seashore
308 Julia Street
Titusville, FL 32796-3521
321-267-1110

Twenty-five miles of undeveloped barrier island preserve the natural beach, dune, marsh, and lagoon habitats for many species of birds. The Kennedy Space Center occupies the southern end of the island and temporary closures are possible due to launch-related activities.

Castillo de San Marcos
National Monument
1 Castillo Drive South
St. Augustine, FL 32084-3699
904-829-6506

Construction of this, the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States, was started in 1672 by the Spanish to protect St. Augustine, first permanent settlement by Europeans in the continental United States, 1565. The floor plan is the result of modernization work done in the 1700s.

De Soto National
Memorial
PO Box 15390
Bradenton, FL 34280-5390
941-792-0458

The park commemorates the landing of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in Florida in 1539 and the first extensive organized exploration by Europeans of what is now the southern United States.

Dry Tortugas
National Park
c/o Everglades National Park
40001 State Road 9336
Homestead, FL 33034-6733
305-242-7700

Fort Jefferson was built 1846–66 to help control the Florida Straits. It is the largest all-masonry fortification in the Western world. The bird refuge and marine life are notable features.

Everglades National Park
40001 State Road 9336
Homestead, FL 33034-6733
305-242-7700

This largest remaining subtropical wilderness in the contiguous United States has extensive fresh water and salt water areas, open sawgrass prairies, and mangrove forests. Abundant wildlife includes rare and colorful birds.

Fort Caroline
National Memorial
12713 Fort Caroline Road
Jacksonville, FL 32225-1240
904-641-7155

Two centuries of French and Spanish colonial rivalry in North America began here with the establishment of a French Huguenot settlement, 1564–65.

Fort Matanzas
National Monument
c/o Castillo de San Marcos
National Monument
1 Castillo Drive South
St. Augustine, FL 32084-3699
904-471-0116

This Spanish fort was built, 1740–42, to warn St. Augustine of British or other enemy approach from the south.

Gulf Islands
National Seashore
1801 Gulf Breeze Parkway
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561-5000
850-934-2600
(See also Mississippi)

Offshore islands have sparkling white sand beaches, historic fortifications, and nature trails. Mainland features of this unit, which is located near Pensacola, include the Naval Live Oaks Reservation, beaches, and military forts. All areas in Florida are accessible by car.

Timucuan Ecological
and Historic Preserve
13165 Mt. Pleasant Road
Jacksonville, FL 32225-1227
904-641-7155

Named for the American Indians who lived here for over 3,000 years, the preserve encompasses Atlantic coastal marshes, islands, tidal creeks, and the estuaries of the St. Johns and Nassau rivers. Besides traces of Indian life, remains of Spanish, French, and English colonial ventures can be found, as well as plantation life and military activities in the 1800s.

Andersonville
National Historic Site
496 Cemetery Road
Andersonville, GA 31711-9707
229-924-0343

This Civil War prisoner-of-war camp commemorates the sacrifices by American prisoners in the 1861–65 conflict and in all wars. The prison site is partially reconstructed. Includes National Prisoner of War Museum and Andersonville National Cemetery (16,000 interments, 1,004 unidentified).

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Chattahoochee River
National Recreation Area
1978 Island Ford Parkway
Atlanta, GA 30350-3400
770-399-8070

A series of sites along a 48-mile stretch of the Chattahoochee River, north of Atlanta, is preserved so the public can enjoy recreation and visit historic spots.

Chickamauga and
Chattanooga
National Military Park
PO Box 2128
Fort Oglethorpe, GA
30742-0128
706-866-9241
(Also in Tennessee)

A major Confederate victory on Chickamauga Creek in Georgia, Sept. 19–20, 1863, was countered by Union victories at Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain, and Missionary Ridge in Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 23–25, 1863. This was the first national military park.

Cumberland Island
National Seashore
PO Box 806
St. Marys, GA 31558-0806
912-882-4335

Magnificent and unspoiled beaches and dunes, marshes, and freshwater lakes, along with historic sites, make up the largest of Georgia’s Golden Isles. Accessible by tour boat only.

Fort Frederica
National Monument
Route 9, Box 286-C
St. Simons Island, GA
31522-9710
912-638-3639

Gen. James E. Oglethorpe built this British town and fort in 1736–48 during the Anglo-Spanish struggle for control of what is now the southeastern United States.

Fort Pulaski
National Monument
PO Box 30757
Savannah, GA 31410-0757
912-786-5787

Fort Pulaski took 18 years and 25 million bricks to build, but in 30 hours, new, experimental rifled cannon tore great, gaping holes in its walls, forcing the Confederate garrison to surrender in 1862. The strategy of warfare and the role of fortifications were changed forever.

Jimmy Carter
National Historic Site
300 N. Bond Street
Plains, GA 31780-0392
229-824-4104

The rural southern culture of Plains, Ga., had a large influence in molding the character and in shaping the political policies of the 39th president of the United States. The site includes President Carter’s residence and boyhood home. Plains High School serves as the park visitor center. The railroad depot, which served as campaign headquarters during the 1976 election, houses additional exhibits. The area surrounding the residence is under the protection of the Secret Service, and no attempt should be made to enter.

Kennesaw Mountain
National Battlefield Park
905 Kennesaw Mountain Drive
Kennesaw, GA 30152
770-427-4686

Eleven miles of Union and Confederate earthworks are preserved within the park. These earthworks mark the sites of the battles of Kolb’s Farm, June 22, 1864, and Kennesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864. Gen. William T. Sherman’s southward advance was temporarily halted here by Gen. Joseph T. Johnston and the stalwart defense of his Confederates.

Martin Luther King, Jr.,
National Historic Site
450 Auburn Avenue, NE
Atlanta, GA 30312-0526
404-331-5190

The birthplace, church, and grave of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader, compose this park. The park visitor center has exhibits and films on Dr. King. The surrounding 68.19-acre preservation district includes Sweet Auburn, the economic and cultural center of Atlanta’s African American community during most of the 1900s.

Ocmulgee
National Monument
1207 Emery Highway
Macon, GA 31217-4399
478-752-8257

Traces of 12,000 years of Southeastern culture from Ice Age Indians to the historic Creek Confederacy are preserved here. The park includes many artifacts and the massive temple mounds of a Mississippian Indian ceremonial complex that thrived here between 900 and 1100.

War in the Pacific
National Historical Park
460 N. Marine Dr.
Piti, GU 96915
671-472-7240

The 1944 recapture of Guam by American forces during World World II is interpreted at seven units on this island, from the summit of Mt. Tenjo (1,033 ft.) to the submerged war relics on the offshore coral reefs (132 feet deep).

Haleakala¯ National Park
PO Box 369
Makawao, Maui, HI 96768-0369
808-572-4400

A variety of areas, from the summit to the ocean, protect fragile native Hawaiian ecosystems, rare and endangered species, and cultural sites.

Hawai‘i Volcanoes
National Park
PO Box 52
Hawai‘i National Park, HI
96718-0052
808-985-6000

Erupting volcanoes, rare and endangered plant and animal communities, and prehistoric sites are special features of the park.

Kalaupapa
National Historical Park
PO Box 2222
Kalaupapa, HI 96742-2222
808-567-6802

This park contains the site of the Moloka‘i Hansen’s disease (leprosy) settlement (1886–1969), areas relating to early settlement, and habitats for rare and endangered species.

Kaloko-Honoko¯hau
National Historical Park
73-4786 Kanalani Street, #14
Kailua Kona, HI 96740-2608
808-329-6881

This was the site of important Hawaiian settlements before the arrival of European explorers. It includes coastal areas, three large fishponds, a house site, and other archeological remnants. The park preserves the native culture of Hawaii.

Pu‘uhonua o Ho¯naunau
National Historical Park
PO Box 129
Honaunau, HI 96726-0129
808-328-2326

Until 1819, vanquished Hawaiian warriors, noncombatants, and kapu breakers could escape death by reaching this sacred ground. The park includes ancient house sites, royal fishponds, coconut groves, and spectacular shore scenery.

Pu‘ukohola¯ Heiau
National Historic Site
PO Box 44340
Kawaihae, HI 96743-4340
808-882-7218

Ruins of Pu‘ukohola¯ Heiau (“Temple on the Hill of the Whale”), built by King Kamehameha the Great during his rise to power, are preserved.

World War II Valor
in the Pacific
National Monument
Pearl Harbor
1 Arizona Memorial Place
Honolulu, HI 96818-3145
808-422-2771
(Also in Alaska and California)

This monument comprises nine historic sites representing various aspects of World War II history in the Pacific. Five sites are in the Pearl Harbor area: the USS Arizona Memorial and visitor center; the USS Utah Memorial; the USS Oklahoma Memorial; the six chief petty officer bungalows on Ford Island; and mooring quays F6, F7, and F8, which constituted part of Battleship Row. Three sites are located in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands: the crash site of a consolidated B-24D liberator bomber on Atka Island, the Kiska Island site of Imperial Japan’s occupation that began in June 1942; and Attu Island, the site of the only land battle fought in North America during World War II. The last of the nine designations is the Tule Lake Segregation Center National Historic Landmark and nearby Camp Tule Lake in California—both of which housed Japanese Americans relocated from the west coast of the United States.

City of Rocks
National Reserve
PO Box 169
Almo, ID 83312-0169
208-824-5519

Scenic granite spires and sculptured rock formations dominate this landscape. Remnants of the California Trail are still visible in the area. Recreational opportunities include rock climbing and camping. LIMITED FACILITIES.

Craters of the Moon
National Monument and
Craters of the Moon
National Preserve
PO Box 29
Arco, ID 83213-0029
208-527-3257

Twisted, splattered lava, steep-sided cinder cones, tubelike caves, and lava flows 2,100 years old produce an amazing landscape. Administered cooperatively by the National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management.

Hagerman Fossil Beds
National Monument
221 North State Street
PO Box 570
Hagerman, ID 83332-0570
208-837-4793

Extraordinary fossils from the Pliocene Epoch, 3.5 million years ago, are covered in sediment from the Snake River Plain. The Hagerman Horse Quarry, a National Natural Landmark, and over 200 fossilized plant and animal species are here. LIMITED FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Minidoka
National Historic Site
221 North State Street
PO Box 570
Hagerman, ID 83332
208-837-4793

The history and cultural resources associated with the relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II are interpreted here. UNDER DEVELOPMENT.

Nez Perce
National Historical Park
36063 U.S. Highway 95
Spalding, ID 83540-9715
208-843-7001
(Also in Washington,
Oregon, and Montana)

The park’s 38 sites, spreading across Idaho, Washington, Oregon, and Montana, commemorate the Nez Perce. Six sites are owned and managed by the National Park Service at Spalding, Canoe Camp, Buffalo Eddy, East Kamiah, White Bird Battlefield, and Big Hole National Battlefield.

Yellowstone National Park
(See Wyoming)

Lincoln Home
National Historic Site
413 S. Eighth Street
Springfield, IL 62701-1905
217-492-4241

Abraham Lincoln resided in this house for 17 years before he became president. The surrounding historic district preserves the 1860s environment in which the Lincoln family lived.

George Rogers Clark
National Historical Park
401 S. Second Street
Vincennes, IN 47591-1001
812-882-1776

A classical memorial building, located near the site of old Fort Sackville, commemorates the capture of the fort from the British by Lt. Col. George Rogers Clark, Feb. 25, 1779, and the subsequent settlement of the region north of the Ohio River. The statue was sculpted by Hermon MacNeil.

Indiana Dunes
National Lakeshore
1100 N. Mineral Springs Rd.
Porter, IN 46304-1299
219-395-8585

Beaches, dunes, bogs, marshes, swamps, and prairie remnants grace the southern shore of Lake Michigan in this park, which encompasses four National Natural Landmarks. An 1822 homestead, 1900s family farm, and houses originally exhibited at the 1933 Chicago World’s Fair accent the historic landscape.

Lincoln Boyhood
National Memorial
3027 E. South Street
Lincoln City, IN 47552-1816
812-937-4541

Abraham Lincoln lived on this southern Indiana farm from 1816 to 1830. During that time, he grew from a 7-year-old boy to a 21-year-old man. His mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, is buried here.

Effigy Mounds
National Monument
151 Highway 76
Harpers Ferry, IA 52146-7519
563-873-3491

The monument preserves 206 American Indian mound sites built along the Mississippi River between 450 B.C.E. and 1300, including 31 effigy mounds in the shapes of birds and bears. These mounds are examples of a significant phase of mound-building culture, commemorating the passing of loved ones and the sacred beliefs of these ancient peoples.

Herbert Hoover
National Historic Site
110 Parkside Drive
West Branch, IA 52358-0607
319-643-2541

The site commemorates the life of the 31st U.S. president. The site includes the cottage where Hoover was born, a blacksmith shop, the first West Branch schoolhouse, the Friends Meetinghouse where the Hoover family worshipped, the Hoover Presidential Library-Museum, and the graves of President and Mrs. Hoover.

Brown v. Board of
Education
National Historic Site
1515 SE Monroe Street
Topeka, KS 66612-1143
785-354-4273

The 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision in Oliver L. Brown, et. al. v. the Topeka Board of Education, et. al. concluded that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,” effectively ending legal racial segregation in the public schools of this country. That decision is commemorated at the former Monroe Elementary School, one of four segregated schools for African American children in Topeka.

Fort Larned
National Historic Site
1767 KS Highway 156
Larned, KS 67550-9321
620-285-6911

This military outpost was established midway along the Santa Fe Trail in 1859 to protect the mail and travelers. The fort served as a bureau for the Indian Agency during much of the 1860s and was a key military base of operations during the Indian War of 1868–69.

Fort Scott
National Historic Site
PO Box 918
Old Fort Boulevard
Fort Scott, KS 66701-0918
620-223-0310

Established in 1842 as a base for the U.S. Army’s peacekeeping efforts along the “permanent Indian frontier,” the fort was manned by dragoon and infantry soldiers who served in the U.S.-Mexican War (1846–1848), provided armed escorts for parties on the Santa Fe and Oregon trails, surveyed unmapped country, and maintained contact with Plains Indians. The fort was abandoned in 1853 but reactivated during the Civil War, serving as headquarters for the Post of Southeast Kansas.

Nicodemus
National Historic Site
304 Washington Avenue
Nicodemus, KS 67625-9719
785-839-4233

Nicodemus, Kans., is the only remaining western town established by African Americans during the reconstruction period following the Civil War. The town is symbolic of the pioneer spirit of African Americans seeking personal freedom and the opportunity to develop their talents and capabilities.

Tallgrass Prairie
National Preserve
PO Box 585
226 Broadway
Cottonwood Falls, KS
66845-9728
620-273-6034

This nationally significant example of the once vast tallgrass prairie ecosystem includes historic buildings and cultural resources of the Spring Hill Ranch in the Flint Hills region of Kansas. The federal government will own up to 180 acres, with The Nature Conservancy—the purchaser of the property in 2005—retaining ownership of the rest of the preserve.

Abraham Lincoln
Birthplace
National Historical Park
2995 Lincoln Farm Road
Hodgenville, KY 42748-9707
270-358-3137

A cabin, symbolic of the one in which Lincoln was born, is preserved in a memorial building at the site of his birth.

Big South Fork
National River and
Recreation Area
(See Tennessee)

Cumberland Gap
National Historical Park
PO Box 1848
Middlesboro, KY 40965
606-248-2817
(Also in Virginia and Tennessee)

This mountain pass on the Wilderness Road, explored by Daniel Boone, developed into a main artery of the great trans-Allegheny migration for settlement of the Old West and was an important military objective in the Civil War.

Mammoth Cave
National Park
PO Box 7
Mammoth Cave, KY 42259-0007
270-758-2328

The park was established to preserve the cave system, including Mammoth Cave, the scenic river valleys of the Green and Nolin rivers, and a section of the hilly country of south central Kentucky. This is the longest recorded cave system in the world, with over 350 miles explored and mapped.

Cane River Creole
National Historical Park
400 Rapides Drive
Natchitoches, LA 71457
318-352-0383

This park is part of the 40,000-acre Cane River National Heritage Area. It consists of Oakland Plantation and portions of Magnolia Plantation. Both demonstrate the history of colonization, frontier influences, French Creole architecture and culture, cotton agriculture, slavery, and social practices over 200 years.

Jean Lafitte
National Historical Park
and Preserve
419 Decatur Street
New Orleans, LA 70130
504-589-3882

The park consists of Barataria, Chalmette Battlefield, the French Quarter, and the Acadian units. The Acadian Cultural Center in Lafayette, the Prairie Acadian Cultural Center in Eunice, and the Wetlands Acadian Cultural Center in Thibodaux interpret Cajun culture and history. Barataria, south of New Orleans, has trails and canoe tours through bottomland forests, swamp, and marsh. Chalmette, east of New Orleans, was the scene of the 1815 Battle of New Orleans. The French Quarter unit interprets the ethnic population of the Delta.

New Orleans Jazz
National Historical Park
419 Decatur Street
New Orleans, LA 70130
504-589-4806

The park interprets jazz as it evolved in New Orleans and assists organizations involved with jazz and its history.

Poverty Point
National Monument
c/o Poverty Point State
Commemorative Area
PO Box 248
Epps, LA 71237
318-926-5492

This park in northeastern Louisiana commemorates a culture that thrived from 4,000 to 3,000 years ago. The site, which has some of the largest prehistoric earthworks in North America, is managed by the state of Louisiana. State park facilities are open to the public. NO FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Vicksburg
National Military Park
(See Mississippi)

Acadia National Park
PO Box 177
Bar Harbor, ME 04609-0177
207-288-3338

The sea sets the mood here, uniting the rugged coastal area of Mount Desert Island, picturesque Schoodic Peninsula on the mainland, and the spectacular cliffs of Isle au Haut.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
National Park Service
PO Box 50
Harpers Ferry, WV 25425
304-535-6278

For public inquiries:
Appalachian Trail
Conservancy
PO Box 807
Harpers Ferry, WV 25425
304-535-6331

Approximately 2,150 miles of this scenic trail follow the Appalachian Mountains from Mt. Katahdin, Maine, through New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina, to Springer Mountain, Ga. The trail is one of the first two components of the National Trails System.

Saint Croix Island
International Historic Site
PO Box 247
Calais, ME 04619-0247
207-454-3871

The attempted French settlement of 1604, which led to the founding of New France, is commemorated on Saint Croix Island in the Saint Croix River on the Canadian border. Facilities and an interpretive trail with exhibits are on the mainland. There is no public access to the island.

Antietam
National Battlefield
PO Box 158
Sharpsburg, MD 21782-0158
301-432-5124

Gen. Robert E. Lee’s first invasion of the North was ended on this battlefield in 1862. Antietam (Sharpsburg) National Cemetery—5,032 interments, 1,836 unidentified—adjoins the park; grave space is not available.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Assateague Island
National Seashore
7206 National Seashore Lane
Berlin, MD 21811-2540
410-641-1441
(Also in Virginia)

This 37-mile barrier island, with sandy beaches, migratory waterfowl, and wild horses, includes the 9,021-acre Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Catoctin Mountain Park
6602 Foxville Road
Thurmont, MD 21788-0158
301-663-9388

Part of the forested ridge that forms the eastern rampart of the Appalachian Mountains in Maryland, this mountain park has sparkling streams and panoramic vistas of the Monocacy Valley.

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
National Historical Park
1850 Dual Highway, Ste. 100
Hagerstown, MD 21740
301-714-2201
(Also in the District of
Columbia and West Virginia)

The park follows the route of the 184.5-mile canal along the Potomac River between Washington, D.C., and Cumberland, Md. The canal was built between 1828 and 1850.

Clara Barton
National Historic Site
5801 Oxford Road
Glen Echo, MD 20812-1201
301-320-1410

This 38-room home of the founder of the American Red Cross was headquarters of that organization for seven years.

Fort McHenry
National Monument
and Historic Shrine
End of East Fort Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21230-5393
410-962-4290

Successful defense of this fort in the War of 1812, Sept. 13–14, 1814, inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star Spangled Banner.”

Fort Washington Park
National Capital Parks, East
1900 Anacostia Drive, SE
Washington, DC 20020-6722
301-763-4600

This fort across the Potomac River from Mount Vernon was built to protect Washington, D.C. Construction was begun in 1814 to replace an 1809 fort destroyed during the War of 1812. The park also has recreational facilities.

George Washington
Memorial Parkway
(See Virginia)

Greenbelt Park
6565 Greenbelt Road
Greenbelt, MD 20770-3207
301-344-3948

Just 12 miles from Washington, D.C., this woodland park offers urban dwellers access to many forms of outdoor recreation, including camping year-round.

Hampton
National Historic Site
535 Hampton Lane
Towson, MD 21286-1397
410-823-1309

This remnant of a vast landholding includes a Georgian mansion, gardens and grounds, and original stone slave quarters.

Harpers Ferry
National Historical Park
(See West Virginia)

Monocacy
National Battlefield
4801 Urbana Pike
Frederick, MD 21704-7307
301-662-3515

In a battle here on July 9, 1864, Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early defeated Union forces commanded by Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. Wallace’s troops delayed Early’s advance on Washington, D.C., however, enabling Union forces to marshal a successful defense of the capital.

Piscataway Park
National Capital Parks, East
1900 Anacostia Drive, SE
Washington, DC 20020-6722
301-763-4600

The tranquil view from Mount Vernon of the Maryland shore of the Potomac River is preserved by this park, a pilot project in the use of easements to protect significant places from obtrusive urban expansion.

Potomac Heritage
National Scenic Trail
National Park Service
PO Box B
Harpers Ferry, WV 25425
304-535-4014
(District of Columbia,
Maryland, Pennsylvania,
and Virginia)

This scenic trail is a partnership to develop and sustain a system of locally-managed trails for non-motorized travel between the mouth of the Potomac River and the Allegheny Highlands. Segments include the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Towpath, Mount Vernon Trail, Potomac Heritage Trail, Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail, and Great Allegheny Passage. Additional segments are being planned and proposed. The trail is also a component of the National Trails System.

Thomas Stone
National Historic Site
6655 Rosehill Road
Port Tobacco, MD 20677-3400
301-934-6027

Haberdeventure, a Georgian mansion built in 1771 near Port Tobacco, Md., was the home of Thomas Stone (1743–87). A Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Stone was a delegate to the Continental Congress, 1775–78 and 1783–84.

Adams
National Historical Park
135 Adams Street
Quincy, MA 02169
617-773-1177

The park includes the home of Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams, of U.S. Minister to Great Britain Charles Francis Adams, and of the writers and historians Henry Adams and Brooks Adams; and the birthplaces of both presidents and United First Parish Church, location of the Adams Crypt. The library contains over 14,000 historic volumes.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Boston African American
National Historic Site
46 Joy Street
Boston, MA 02114-4025
617-742-5415

The site contains 15 pre-Civil War African American history structures, linked by the 1.6-mile Black Heritage Trail. The meeting house is the oldest standing African American church in the U.S. Augustus Saint-Gaudens’ memorial to Robert Gould Shaw, the white officer who first led African American troops during the Civil War, stands on the trail.

Boston Harbor Islands
National Recreation Area
Boston Harbor Islands
Partnership
408 Atlantic Avenue, Ste. 228
Boston MA 02110-3349
617-223-8667

Thirty islands in Boston Harbor make up this treasure of natural and cultural resources and recreational amenities at the doorstep of a major Northeast urban area. The park is managed by a partnership of federal, state, municipal, and non-profit agencies, including the National Park Service.

Boston
National Historical Park
Charlestown Navy Yard
Visitor Center
Boston, MA 02129-4543
617-242-5601

The events and ideas associated with the American Revolution and the founding and growth of the United States provide the common thread linking the sites that compose this park, among them Bunker Hill, Old North Church, Paul Revere House, Faneuil Hall, Old State House, and a portion of the Charlestown Navy Yard, including USS Constitution.

Cape Cod
National Seashore
99 Marconi Site Road
Wellfleet, MA 02667-0250
508-771-2144

Ocean beaches, dunes, woodlands, freshwater ponds, and marshes make up this park on outer Cape Cod. It stretches 40 miles from Chatham to Provincetown. Its many cultural remnants include archeological sites, lighthouses, a life-saving station, cultural landscapes, and the Marconi Station Site, where transatlantic wireless communication was achieved in 1903.

Frederick Law Olmsted
National Historic Site
99 Warren Street
Brookline, MA 02445-5930
617-566-1689

This was the first large-scale landscape architecture office in the United States, founded by Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. and continued by his sons. The site includes the Olmsted Archives and the Olmsted Center for Landscape Preservation.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy
National Historic Site
83 Beals Street
Brookline, MA 02446-6010
617-566-7937

This is the birthplace and early home of the 35th president. It represents the social and political beginnings of one of the world’s most prominent families and contains furnishings and memorabilia from the president’s childhood.

Longfellow
National Historic Site
105 Brattle Street
Cambridge, MA 02138-3407
617-876-4491

The Vassall-Craigie-Longfellow House, George Washington’s headquarters during the siege of Boston (1775–1776) was later home to poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and family (1837–1950). Longfellow hosted writers, artists, and statesmen who helped kindle the American Renaissance. There are decorative and fine arts, a library, and a research archive.

Lowell
National Historical Park
67 Kirk Street
Lowell, MA 01852-1029
978-970-5000

The history of America’s Industrial Revolution is commemorated in downtown Lowell. The Boott Cotton Mills Museum with its weave room of 88 operating looms, “mill girl” boarding houses, the Suffolk Mill turbine, and guided tours tell the story of the transition from farm to factory, chronicle immigrant and labor history, and trace industrial technology.

Minute Man
National Historical Park
174 Liberty Street
Concord, MA 01742
978-369-6993

Scene of the “shot heard round the world” that began the Revolutionary War on April 19, 1775, the park includes restored sections of Battle Road between Lexington and Concord; North Bridge; Minute Man Statue; historic monuments and structures; and the Wayside, home of American authors.

New Bedford Whaling
National Historical Park
33 William Street
New Bedford, MA 02740
508-996-4095

This is the only National Park Service site to commemorate whaling and its contribution to American history. The park includes a 34-acre National Historic Landmark District, the schooner Ernestina, and many cultural institutions, including the New Bedford Whaling Museum.

Salem Maritime
National Historic Site
Custom House
174 Derby Street
Salem, MA 01970-5186
978-740-1660

Recalling the time when Salem traded in the East Indies and throughout the world, the site includes wharves from the 1700s and 1800s, the Custom House, the bonded warehouse, the West India Goods Store, the Narbonne house from the 1600s, and the home of merchant E.H. Derby of the 1700s.

Saugus Iron Works
National Historic Site
244 Central Street
Saugus, MA 01906-2107
781-233-0050

The site of the first integrated ironworks in North America (1646–68) includes the reconstructed blast furnace, forge, and rolling and slitting mill, and a restored house from the 1600s.

Springfield Armory
National Historic Site
1 Armory Square
Springfield, MA 01105-1299
413-734-8551

From 1794 to 1968 Springfield Armory was a center for the manufacture of U.S. military small arms and the scene of important technological advances. The Armory Museum protects one of the world’s most extensive firearms collections.

Isle Royale National Park
800 East Lakeshore Drive
Houghton, MI 49931-1895
906-482-0984

This forested island, the largest in Lake Superior, is distinguished by its wilderness character, timber wolves, moose herd, and pre-Columbian copper mines.

Keweenaw
National Historical Park
25970 Red Jacket Road
Calumet, MI 49913-0471
906-337-3168

The park preserves and interprets the history of the Keweenaw Peninsula beginning with prehistoric activity nearly 7,000 years ago through large-scale industrial mining in the 1800s and 1900s. The park’s Keweenaw Heritage Sites partners operate most visitor facilities, providing diverse experiences and views of the industry and its participants. LIMITED FEDERAL FACILITIES.

Pictured Rocks
National Lakeshore
PO Box 40
Munising, MI 49862-0040
906-387-3700

Multicolored sandstone cliffs, long beach strands, towering sand dunes, waterfalls, inland lakes, wetlands, hardwood and coniferous forests, and a variety of wildlife compose this scenic area on Lake Superior.

Sleeping Bear Dunes
National Lakeshore
9922 Front Street
Empire, MI 49630-9797
231-326-5134

This is a diverse landscape with quiet rivers, sandy beaches, beech-maple forests, clear lakes, and massive “perched” sand dunes towering up to 460 feet above Lake Michigan. Two offshore wilderness islands offer tranquility and seclusion. The many historic sites include a lighthouse, life-saving service stations, and agricultural landscapes.

Grand Portage
National Monument
PO Box 426
170 Mile Creek Road
Portage, MN 55605
218-475-0123

This nine-mile portage was a vital link on one of the principal routes for Indians, explorers, missionaries, and fur traders heading for the Northwest. The Grand Portage post of the North West Company has been reconstructed at the eastern terminus of the Grand Portage on Lake Superior.

Mississippi National River
and Recreation Area
111 E. Kellogg Boulevard
Suite 105
St. Paul, MN 55101-1256
651-290-4160

Encompassing 72 miles of the Mississippi River corridor through the Twin Cities metropolitan region, the area features a wealth of nationally significant natural, cultural, historic, scenic, economic, and scientific resources, complemented by diverse recreational activities.

Pipestone
National Monument
36 Reservation Avenue
Pipestone, MN 56164-1269
507-825-5464

For centuries American Indians have quarried pipestone from these ancient quarries. Pipes made from this stone are considered sacred and are important spiritual objects for American Indians. Recognizing this cultural activity, the monument’s enabling legislation allows quarrying to continue today.

Saint Croix
National Scenic Riverway
(See Wisconsin)

Voyageurs National Park
3131 Highway 53
International Falls, MN
56649-8904
218-283-6600

This waterway of four large lakes connected by narrows was once the route of the French-Canadian voyageurs. With over 500 islands, the lakes surround a peninsula of boreal forest.

Brices Cross Roads
National Battlefield Site
c/o Natchez Trace Parkway
2680 Natchez Trace Parkway
Tupelo, MS 38804-9718
662-680-4025

The Confederate army opposed Union forces here on June 10, 1864, to ultimately secure supply lines between Nashville and Chattanooga, Tenn.

Gulf Islands
National Seashore
3500 Park Road
Ocean Springs, MS 39564-9709
228-875-9057
(See also Florida)

Sparkling beaches, historic sites, wildlife sanctuaries, islands accessible only by boat, bayous, nature trails, picnic areas, and campgrounds make up this park.

Natchez
National Historical Park
PO Box 1208
Natchez, MS 39121-1208
601-446-5790

Before the Civil War, Natchez became a commercial, cultural, and social center of the South’s cotton belt. The city today represents one of the best preserved concentrations of significant antebellum properties in the United States. Within the park are Melrose, an excellent example of a planter’s home, and the home of William Johnson, a prominent free black.

Natchez Trace
National Scenic Trail
c/o Natchez Trace Parkway
2680 Natchez Trace Parkway
Tupelo, MS 38804-9718
662-680-4025
(Also in Alabama and
Tennessee)

Completed sections of this trail are found alongside the Natchez Trace Parkway near Rocky Springs, Jackson, and Tupelo, Miss., and Leipers Fork, Tenn.

Natchez Trace Parkway
2680 Natchez Trace Parkway
Tupelo, MS 38804-9718
662-680-4025
(Also in Alabama and
Tennessee)

The 444-mile parkway generally follows the Old Trace, or trail, used by American Indians and early settlers between Nashville, Tenn., and Natchez, Miss., from about 1790 to 1830.

Shiloh
National Military Park
(See Tennessee)

Tupelo
National Battlefield
c/o Natchez Trace Parkway
2680 Natchez Trace Parkway
Tupelo, MS 38804-9718
662-680-4025

Here, July 13–14, 1864, Lt. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest tried to cut the railroad supplying the Union’s march on Atlanta.

Vicksburg
National Military Park
3201 Clay Street
Vicksburg, MS 39183
601-636-0583
(Also in Louisiana)

Reconstructed forts and trenches evoke memories of the 47-day siege that ended in the surrender of the city on July 4, 1863. Victory gave the North control of the Mississippi River. The Civil War ironclad gunboat USS Cairo is on display. Vicksburg National Cemetery—18,244 interments, 12,954 unidentified—is within the park; grave space is not available.

George Washington Carver
National Monument
5646 Carver Road
Diamond, MO 64840
417-325-4151

Birthplace and childhood home of George Washington Carver, African American agronomist, educator, and humanitarian. The visitor center has a museum, interactive exhibits, theater, and store. A 3⁄4-mile trail passes the birthplace site, Boy Carver statue, restored 1881 Moses Carver House, and cemetery.

Harry S Truman
National Historic Site
223 North Main Street
Independence, MO 64050-2804
816-254-9929

The site preserves the homes of Harry S Truman, 33rd president. The Truman Home, his residence from 1919 to 1972, was called the Summer White House during his administration. The site has four other homes that were part of the family compound: his Uncle and Aunt Noland’s home, the Wallace homes owned by Bess Truman’s brothers, and the Truman Farm Home in Grandview, Mo., at one time a 600-acre farm.

Jefferson
National Expansion
Memorial
11 North 4th Street
St. Louis, MO 63102-1882
314-655-1600

Eero Saarinen’s soaring stainless steel Gateway Arch on St. Louis’ riverfront memorializes the city’s role in westward expansion. Visitors can ascend the 630-foot arch and see exhibits on American Indians, Thomas Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, and others in the underground Museum of Westward Expansion. In the nearby Old Courthouse enslaved Dred Scott sued for his freedom in 1846.

Ozark
National Scenic
Riverways
404 Watercress Drive
Van Buren, MO 63965-0490
573-323-4236

The 134 miles of the Current and Jacks Fork rivers provide canoeing, tubing, fishing, and swimming opportunities. Over 300 springs pour thousands of gallons of clear, cold water into the streams. Ozark culture is preserved throughout the area. This is the first national scenic river.

Ulysses S. Grant
National Historic Site
7400 Grant Road
St. Louis, MO 63123-1801
314-842-1867

Ulysses S. Grant’s association with historic White Haven farm spanned the decades from his graduation from West Point in 1843 to his death in 1885. Throughout the turbulence of the Civil War and Grant’s presidency, White Haven was home.

Wilson’s Creek
National Battlefield
6424 W. Farm Road 182
Republic, MO 65738-9514
417-732-2662

The battle here on Aug. 10, 1861, was the first major engagement west of the Mississippi. The Confederate failure here resulted in keeping Missouri in the Union. Major features include a five-mile automobile tour loop, the restored 1852 Ray House, and Bloody Hill, the scene of the major battle.

Big Hole
National Battlefield
PO Box 273
Wisdom, MT 59761
406-689-3155

The site pays tribute to the battle between the Nez Perce Indians and the 7th U.S. Infantry forces with civilian volunteers on August 9–10, 1877. Ninety Nez Perce men, women, and children and 31 soldiers lost their lives.

Bighorn Canyon
National Recreation Area
PO Box 7458
Fort Smith, MT 59035-7458
406-666-2412
(Also in Wyoming)

Bighorn Lake extends 71 miles behind Yellowtail Dam on the Bighorn River. Archeological and historical resources complement the natural scene. About one third of the area is within the Crow Indian Reservation.

Fort Union Trading Post
National Historic Site
(See North Dakota)

Glacier National Park
PO Box 128
West Glacier, MT 59936-0128
406-888-7800

Known as the Backbone of the World to the Blackfeet Nation, Glacier is known for its precipitous, jagged peaks ranging above 10,000 feet. This ruggedly beautiful land includes 25 remaining glaciers, hundreds of glacier-fed lakes and streams, an unparalleled variety of wildflowers, and abundant wildlife including grizzly bears, wolverines, and gray wolves.

Grant-Kohrs Ranch
National Historic Site
266 Warren Lane
Deer Lodge, MT 59722-0790
406-846-2070

This is the headquarters of a once wide-ranging cattle empire of the 1800s. The site preserves the structures and artifacts associated with its operation and represents over 125 years of ranching heritage. It is still a working cattle ranch.

Little Bighorn Battlefield
National Monument
PO Box 39
Crow Agency, MT 59022-0039
406-638-2621

This area memorializes one of the last armed efforts of the Northern Plains Indians to preserve their way of life. Here in 1876, 263 soldiers and attached personnel of the U.S. Army, including Lt. Col. George A. Custer, met death at the hands of several thousand Lakota, Arapaho, and Cheyenne warriors.

Nez Perce
National Historical Park
(See Idaho)

Yellowstone National Park
(See Wyoming)

Agate Fossil Beds
National Monument
301 River Road
PO Box 27
Harrison, NE 69346-2734
308-668-2211

This park was originally a working cattle ranch owned by Capt. James Cook and known as Agate Springs Ranch. The park features renowned quarries that contain many well-preserved mammal fossils from the Miocene Epoch; these represent an important chapter in the evolution of mammals. The park’s museum collection also contains over 500 artifacts from the Cook Collection of Plains Indian artifacts.

Homestead
National Monument of
America
8523 West State Highway 4
Beatrice, NE 68310
402-223-3514

This park, which includes the 160-acre claim filed by Daniel Freeman under The Homestead Act of 1862, is a memorial to the pioneers who settled the west. Among the features are the National Museum on Homesteading, historic buildings, hiking trails through 100 acres of restored tallgrass prairie, and a bur oak forest.

Missouri
National Recreational River
508 East Second Street
Yankton, SD 57078
402-336-3970

Two reaches of the Missouri River are protected here. The portion originally set aside, from Gavins Point Dam near Yankton, S.D., to Ponca, Neb., still exhibits the river’s dynamic character in its islands, bars, chutes, and snags. An upper reach between Lewis and Clark Lake and Fort Randall Dam has native floodplain forest, tallgrass and mixed-grass prairies, and habitats for several endangered species.

Niobrara
National Scenic River
146 S. Hall Street
PO Box 319
Valentine, NE 69201-2104
402-376-1901

This segment of the Niobrara River preserves a unique mix of boreal, eastern woodland, and Rocky Mountain forest types, and tallgrass, Sandhills, and mixed-grass prairie. This Great Plains river is rated as one of America’s top canoeing adventures. Public and private facilities are available.

Scotts Bluff
National Monument
190276 Old Oregon Trail
PO Box 27
Gering, NE 69341-9700
308-436-4340

Rising 800 feet above the valley floor, this massive promontory was a landmark on the Oregon and California trails, associated with overland migration across the Great Plains between 1843 and 1869.

Death Valley
National Park
(See California)

Great Basin
National Park
100 Great Basin
National Park
Baker, NV 89311-9700
775-234-7331

A remnant icefield on 13,063-foot Wheeler Peak, an ancient bristlecone pine forest, 75-foot limestone Lexington Arch, and the tunnels and decorated galleries of Lehman Caves are major features.

Lake Mead
National Recreation Area
601 Nevada Highway
Boulder City, NV 89005-2426
702-293-8920
(Also in Arizona)

Lake Mead, formed by Hoover Dam, and Lake Mohave, by Davis Dam on the Colorado River, and over one million acres of surrounding desert and mountains compose this first national recreation area established by an act of Congress.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Saint-Gaudens
National Historic Site
139 Saint-Gaudens Road
Cornish, NH 03745-9704
603-675-2175

The park includes the home, studios, and gardens of Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848–1907), America’s foremost sculptor of the late 1800s and early 1900s. Six historic buildings are open to the public with over 120 original sculptures on exhibit.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Middle Delaware
National Scenic River
(See Pennsylvania)

Delaware Water Gap
National Recreation Area
(See Pennsylvania)

Gateway
National Recreation Area
(See New York)

Great Egg Harbor
Scenic and
Recreational River
c/o National Park Service
Northeast Region
200 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106-2818
215-597-1581

Running through or along the famous Pinelands National Reserve (Pine Barrens) of southern New Jersey, this river includes many of the Great Egg Harbor River’s tributaries. The river is the largest canoeing river in the Pinelands and is near Philadelphia, Trenton, Camden, and Wilmington.

Morristown
National Historical Park
30 Washington Place
Morristown, NJ 07960-4242
973-539-2016

Morristown was quarters for the Continental Army during two critical winters—January 1777 and 1779–80. The park includes the Ford Mansion, Jockey Hollow, and Fort Nonsense.

Thomas Edison
National Historical Park
Main Street and
Lakeside Avenue
West Orange, NJ 07052-5515
973-736-0550

Thomas Edison’s laboratory and his residence were home to the inventor from 1887 until 1931. At his Invention Factory he developed the phonograph and invented the movie camera and nickel-iron-alkaline storage battery. He was awarded 1,093 patents. The site includes his chemistry lab, machine shop, library, and the world’s first motion picture studio.

Statue of Liberty
National Monument
(See New York)

Aztec Ruins
National Monument
84 County Road 2900
Aztec, NM 87410-9715
505-334-6174

Building remains of this large Pueblo Indian community from the 1100s have been partially excavated and stabilized.

Bandelier
National Monument
HCR 1, Box 1
Suite 15
Los Alamos, NM 87544-9701
505-672-3861

On the mesa tops and canyon walls of the Pajarito Plateau are the remains of Pueblo Indians’ cliff houses and villages dating from the 1200s.

Capulin Volcano
National Monument
PO Box 40
Capulin, NM 88414-0040
505-278-2201

This symmetrical cinder cone is an example of a geologically recent, inactive volcano.

Carlsbad Caverns
National Park
3225 National Parks Highway
Carlsbad, NM 88220-5354
505-785-2232

Proclaimed Carlsbad Cave National Monument Oct. 25, 1923; established as Carlsbad Caverns National Park May 14, 1930. Boundary changes: Feb. 21, 1933; May 4, 1934; Feb. 3, 1939; Dec. 30, 1963. Wilderness designated Nov. 10, 1978. Designated a World Heritage Site Dec. 9, 1995.

Chaco Culture
National Historical Park
PO Box 220
Nageezi, NM 87037
505-786-7014

The canyon contains 13 major prehistoric sites and hundreds of smaller ones, built by the Ancestral Puebloan people.

El Malpais
National Monument
123 East Roosevelt Avenue
Grants, NM 87020
505-285-4641

El Malpais is a spectacular volcanic area, featuring cinder cones, a 17-mile-long lava tube system, and ice caves. The area is rich in ancient Pueblo and Navajo history.

El Morro
National Monument
Route 2, Box 43
Ramah, NM 87321-9603
505-783-4226

Inscription Rock is a 200-foot sandstone monolith on which are carved thousands of inscriptions from early travelers. The monument includes pre-Columbian petroglyphs and the remains of Pueblo Indian dwellings.

Fort Union
National Monument
PO Box 127
Watrous, NM 87753-0127
505-425-8025

Remnants of the Southwest’s largest frontier fort, which played a key role in the Indian Wars and the Confederate defeat at Glorieta Pass, are preserved here. A large network of Santa Fe Trail ruts is still visible on the prairie.

Gila Cliff Dwellings
National Monument
HC 68, Box 100
Silver City, NM 88061-9352
575-536-9461

These well-preserved cliff dwellings were inhabited from about 1280 to the early 1300s.

Pecos
National Historical Park
PO Box 418
Pecos, NM 87552-0418
505-757-7200

The park preserves 12,000 years of human history, including the remains of Pecos Pueblo and many other American Indian structures, Spanish colonial missions, homesteads of the Mexican era, a section of the Santa Fe Trail, sites related to the Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass, and a 1900s ranch.

Petroglyph
National Monument
6001 Unser Blvd., NW
Albuquerque, NM 87120-2033
505-899-0205

Over 15,000 prehistoric and historic American Indian and Hispanic petroglyphs (images carved into rock) stretch 17 miles along Albuquerque’s West Mesa escarpment.

Salinas Pueblo Missions
National Monument
PO Box 517
Mountainair, NM 87036-0496
505-847-2585

This park preserves and interprets the best examples of Spanish Franciscan mission churches and conventos of the 1600s remaining in the United States and three large Pueblo Indian villages.

White Sands
National Monument
PO Box 1086
Holloman AFB, NM 88330-1086
505-679-2599

The park contains a significant portion of the world’s largest gypsum dunefield. Glistening white dunes rise 60 feet and cover 275 square miles. Small animals and plants have adapted to this harsh environment.

African Burial Ground
National Monument
290 Broadway, First Floor
New York, NY 10007-1823
212-637-2019

From the 1690s until the 1790s, both free and enslaved Africans were buried in 6.6 acres in Lower Manhattan. Lost to history due to landfill and development, the grounds were rediscovered in 1991 because of the planned construction of a federal office building. An outdoor memorial in the form of an Ancestral Libation Chamber provides a place to honor this sacred area.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Castle Clinton
National Monument
c/o Federal Hall National
Memorial
26 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005-1907
212-344-7220

Built 1808–11, this structure served as a defense for New York harbor, an entertainment center, and an immigration depot through which over 8 million people entered the United States from 1855 to 1890. It is located in Battery Park.

Eleanor Roosevelt
National Historic Site
4097 Albany Post Road
Hyde Park, NY 12538-1997
845-229-9115

Eleanor Roosevelt used Val-Kill as a personal retreat from her busy life. Val-Kill Cottage is the focal point of the historic site. It was originally built as a factory building for Val-Kill Industries and was converted to a home in 1937.

Federal Hall
National Memorial
26 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005-1907
212-825-6888

This building is on the site of the original Federal Hall where the 1735 trial of John Peter Zenger, involving freedom of the press, was held. Here the Stamp Act Congress convened, 1765; Congress under the Articles of Confederation met, 1785–1789; the first U.S. Congress met, 1789; Washington took the oath as first U.S. president and the Bill of Rights was adopted, 1789. Present building was completed in 1842.

Fire Island
National Seashore
120 Laurel Street
Patchogue, NY 11772-3596
516-289-4810

Ocean beaches, dunes, Fire Island Light, and the nearby estate of William Floyd, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, make this park a blend of recreation, preservation, and conservation.

Fort Stanwix
National Monument
112 E. Park Street
Rome, NY 13440-5816
315-338-7730

The American stand here in August 1777 was a major factor in repulsing the British invasion from Canada. The fort was also the site of the treaties with the Iroquois, Nov. 5, 1768. The current fort is a reconstruction.

Gateway
National Recreation Area
Public Affairs Office
210 New York Avenue
Staten Island, NY 10305
718-354-4606
(Also in New Jersey)

With over 26,000 acres of marshes, wildlife sanctuaries, and recreational and athletic facilities; miles of sandy beaches; indoor and outdoor classrooms; picnicking and camping; historic structures, old military installations, airfields, a lighthouse, and waters around New York Harbor, this park offers urban residents in two states a wide range of recreational opportunities and educational perspectives year-round.

General Grant
National Memorial
122nd Street and
Riverside Drive
New York, NY 10027-3703
212-666-1640

This memorial to Ulysses S. Grant, the Union commander who brought the Civil War to an end, includes the tombs of General and Mrs. Grant. As President of the United States (1869–77), Grant signed the act establishing the first national park, Yellowstone, March 1, 1872.

Governors Island
National Monument
Battery Maritime Building,
Slip 7
10 South Street
New York, NY 10004-1900
212-825-3045

Governors Island is one-half mile off the southern tip of Manhattan, between the confluence of the Hudson and East rivers. The national monument is within a National Historic Landmark District and includes two early 1800s fortifications—Fort Jay and Castle Williams—which played strategic roles in defending New York City and were key parts of a larger harbor defense system. OPEN SEASONALLY.

Hamilton Grange
National Memorial
414 West 141st Street
New York, NY 10031
212-825-6990

The Grange, named after his grandfather’s estate in Scotland, was the home of Alexander Hamilton, American statesman and first Secretary of the Treasury.

Home of Franklin D.
Roosevelt
National Historic Site
4097 Albany Post Road
Hyde Park, NY 12538-1997
845-229-9115

Springwood was the birthplace and lifetime residence of the 32nd president. Gravesites of President and Mrs. Roosevelt are in the Rose Garden.

Martin Van Buren
National Historic Site
1013 Old Post Road
Kinderhook, NY 12106-3605
518-758-9689

Lindenwald was the home and farm of the eighth U.S. president, Martin Van Buren (1837–1841), from 1841 until his death in 1862. As president he faced the nation’s worst economic depression to date (Panic of 1837) and opposed extending slavery into Texas. His bids for reelection in 1840 and for the presidency in 1848 were unsuccessful. The grounds and 36-room mansion allow exploration of the nation’s turbulent antebellum period.

Sagamore Hill
National Historic Site
20 Sagamore Hill Road
Oyster Bay, NY 11771-1899
516-922-4788

Sagamore Hill was Theodore Roosevelt’s home from 1886 until his death in 1919. As a boy he spent summers in Oyster Bay with his family. The shingle-style, Queen Anne home was built in 1885 from a plan he sketched. Twenty-five rooms are open to the public, and almost all the furnishings are original. Roosevelt is buried nearby.

Saint Paul’s Church
National Historic Site
897 South Columbus Avenue
Mount Vernon, NY 10550-5018
914-667-4116

This 1700s church is one of New York’s oldest parishes (1665–1980). It was used as a hospital following the Revolutionary War battle at Pell’s Point in 1776. The church stood at the edge of the Eastchester village green, the site of the Great Election (1733), which raised the issues of Freedom of Religion and Press. The adjoining cemetery contains burials dating from 1665.

Saratoga
National Historical Park
648 Route 32
Stillwater, NY 12170-1604
518-664-9821

The American victory here over the British in 1777 was a turning point of the American Revolution and one of the decisive battles in world history. Maj. Gen. Philip Schuyler’s country home and the 154-foot Saratoga monument are nearby.

Statue of Liberty
National Monument
Liberty Island
New York, NY 10004-1467
212-363-3200
(Also in New Jersey)

The 152-foot copper statue bearing the torch of freedom was a gift of the French people in 1886 to commemorate the alliance of the two nations in the American Revolution. Designed by Frederic Bartholdi, the statue came to symbolize freedom for immigrants. Nearby Ellis Island, through which nearly 12 million immigrants passed, was reopened to the public in 1990 as the country’s main museum devoted entirely to immigration.

Theodore Roosevelt
Birthplace
National Historic Site
28 E. 20th Street
New York, NY 10003-1399
212-260-1616

The 26th president was born in a brownstone house here on Oct. 27, 1858. Demolished in 1916, it was reconstructed and rededicated in 1923 and furnished by the president’s widow and sisters.

Theodore Roosevelt
Inaugural
National Historic Site
641 Delaware Avenue
Buffalo, NY 14202-1079
716-884-0095

Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office as President of the United States on Sept. 14, 1901, here in the Ansley Wilcox House after the assassination of President William McKinley.

Upper Delaware Scenic
and Recreational River
(See Pennsylvania)

Vanderbilt Mansion
National Historic Site
4097 Albany Post Road
Hyde Park, NY 12538-1997
845-229-9115

This palatial mansion is a fine example of homes built by millionaires in the 1800s. It was constructed by Frederick W. Vanderbilt, a grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt.

Women’s Rights
National Historical Park
136 Fall Street
Seneca Falls, NY 13148-1517
315-568-2991

Located in Seneca Falls and Waterloo, this park commemorates women’s struggle for equal rights and includes the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, the site of the first Women’s Rights Convention in 1848; the Elizabeth Cady Stanton home; the M’Clintock House where the Declaration of Sentiments was written; and other sites related to notable early women’s rights activists.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Blue Ridge Parkway
199 Hemphill Knob Road
Asheville, NC 28803
828-271-4779
(Also in Virginia)

Following the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains, this scenic 470-mile parkway averages 3,000 feet above sea level and embraces large recreational and natural history areas and Appalachian cultural sites.

Cape Hatteras
National Seashore
1401 National Park Drive
Manteo, NC 27954-2708
252-473-2111

Beaches, migratory waterfowl, fishing, and points of historical interest are features of the first national seashore. Its lands include 5,915-acre Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Cape Lookout
National Seashore
131 Charles Street
Harkers Island, NC 28531-9702
252-728-2250

These undeveloped barrier islands extend 56 miles along the lower Outer Banks embracing beaches, dunes, two historic villages, and Cape Lookout Lighthouse.

Carl Sandburg Home
National Historic Site
1928 Little River Road
Flat Rock, NC 28731-9766
828-693-4178

Connemara was the farm home of the noted poet, Lincoln biographer, and social advocate for the last 22 years of his life.

Fort Raleigh
National Historic Site
c/o Cape Hatteras National
Seashore
1401 National Park Drive
Manteo, NC 27954-2708
252-473-5772

The first English settlement in North America was attempted here (1585–87). The fate of Sir Walter Raleigh’s Lost Colony remains a mystery.

Great Smoky Mountains
National Park
(See Tennessee)

Guilford Courthouse
National Military Park
2331 New Garden Road
Greensboro, NC 27410-2355
336-288-1776

The battle fought here on March 15, 1781, opened the campaign that led to American victory in the Revolutionary War. The British lost a substantial number of troops at the battle, a factor in their surrender at Yorktown seven months later.

Moores Creek
National Battlefield
40 Patriots Hall Drive
Currie, NC 28435-0069
910-283-5591

The battle on Feb. 27, 1776, between North Carolina Patriots and Loyalists is commemorated here. The patriot victory notably advanced the revolutionary cause in the South.

Wright Brothers
National Memorial
c/o Cape Hatteras National
Seashore
1401 National Park Drive
Manteo, NC 27954-2708
252-441-7430

The first sustained flight in a heavier-than-air machine was made here by Wilbur and Orville Wright on Dec. 17, 1903.

Fort Union Trading Post
National Historic Site
15550 Highway 1804
Williston, ND 58801-8680
701-572-9083
(Also in Montana)

The principal fur-trading post of the American Fur Company on the Upper Missouri River, Fort Union served the Assiniboine, Crow, Cree, Ojibway, and Blackfeet tribes.

Knife River Indian Villages
National Historic Site
PO Box 9
Stanton, ND 58571-0009
701-745-3300

The park contains archeological and historic remnants of the Plains Indian culture and agricultural way of life. The site features the remains of earthlodge villages of the Hidatsa and Mandan.

Theodore Roosevelt
National Park
PO Box 7
Medora, ND 58645-0007
701-623-4466

The park includes scenic badlands along the Little Missouri River and part of Theodore Roosevelt’s Elkhorn Ranch.

Cuyahoga Valley
National Park
15610 Vaughn Road
Brecksville, OH 44141-3018
216-524-1497

This area preserves rural landscapes along the Cuyahoga River between Cleveland and Akron, Ohio. The 20-mile Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail follows the historic route of the canal. Historic structures and natural features can be seen as the trail continues along the Ohio & Erie National Heritage Canalway.

Dayton Aviation Heritage
National Historical Park
PO Box 9280
Wright Brothers Station
Dayton, OH 45409-9280
937-225-7705

This park preserves sites associated with Wilbur and Orville Wright and the early development of aviation. It also honors the life and work of African American poet Paul Laurence Dunbar, a business associate and friend of Orville. The park includes a bicycle and printing shop, the 1905 Wright Flyer, the flying field where the brothers perfected their airplane, and the Paul Laurence Dunbar State Memorial.

First Ladies
National Historic Site
331 S. Market Avenue
Canton, OH 44702
330-452-0876

This site, which includes the former home of Ida Saxton McKinley, preserves and interprets the role, impact, and history of First Ladies and other notable women in American history. There is an electronic virtual library and a complete annotated bibliography of First Ladies—from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama—that is updated each year. Costumed docents conduct tours. The National First Ladies’ Library and the National Park Service cooperatively manage the site.

Hopewell Culture
National Historical Park
16062 State Route 104
Chillicothe, OH 45601-8694
740-774-1126

Finely crafted artifacts of the Hopewell Culture (200 B.C.E. to 500) show that skilled artisans used an extensive trade network east of the Rocky Mountains. The 23 burial mounds at Mound City Group and large geometric earthworks provide an insight into the social, ceremonial, political, and economic life of the Hopewell people.

James A. Garfield
National Historic Site
8095 Mentor Avenue
Mentor, OH 44060-5753
440-255-8722

This site preserves the family home and artifacts of the 20th president. Exhibits and tours introduce Garfield’s humble upbringing and family life. Garfield launched his “Front Porch” campaign after his selection as the 1879 Republican nominee.

Perry’s Victory
and International Peace
Memorial
PO Box 549
93 Delaware Avenue
Put-in-Bay, OH 43456-0549
419-285-2184

Commodore Oliver H. Perry won the greatest naval battle of the War of 1812 on Lake Erie. The memorial—the world’s most massive Doric column—was built in 1912–15 “to inculcate the lessons of international peace by arbitration and disarmament.”

William Howard Taft
National Historic Site
2038 Auburn Avenue
Cincinnati, OH 45219-3025
513-684-3262

Taft, the only person to serve as both president (1909–13) and Chief Justice of the United States (1921–30), was born and raised in this home. The Taft education center offers an orientation video and interactive exhibits on the Taft family.

Chickasaw
National Recreation Area
1008 West Second Street
Sulphur, OK 73086-0201
580-622-3161

The park is named to honor the Chickasaw Indian Nation, original occupants of this land. The partially forested hills of south-central Oklahoma and its springs, streams, and lakes offer swimming, boating, fishing, camping, and hiking.

Fort Smith
National Historic Site
(See Arkansas)

Washita Battlefield
National Historic Site
RR1, Box 55A
Cheyenne, OK 73628-9725
580-497-2742

The park commemorates the November 27, 1868, attack where the 7th U.S. Cavalry under Lt. Col. George A. Custer destroyed Peace Chief Black Kettle’s Cheyenne village. Black Kettle and over 100 Cheyenne were captured or killed. The controversial attack has been described as both a battle and a massacre.

Crater Lake
National Park
PO Box 7
Crater Lake, OR 97604-0007
541-594-2211

Crater Lake lies within the caldera of Mt. Mazama, a volcano of the Cascade Range that erupted about 7,700 years ago. The mountain collapsed, forming a caldera. Its greatest depth of 1,932 feet makes it the deepest lake in the United States.

John Day Fossil Beds
National Monument
32651 Highway 19
Kimberly, OR 97848-9701
541-987-2333

Within the scenic John Day River valley is a well-preserved fossil record of plants and animals. This remarkably complete record, spanning over 40 of the 65 million years of the Age of Mammals, is world-renowned.

Lewis and Clark
National Historical Park
92343 Fort Clatsop Road
Astoria, OR 97103-9803
503-861-2471

The natural setting of the lower Columbia River, with its cliffs, evergreens, beaches, and waterways, brings to life the story of the Lewis and Clark expedition’s western terminus. The park commemorates the expedition’s arrival at the Pacific Ocean, winter encampment, exploration of the area, encounters with American Indians, and preparations for the expedition’s return to the United States.

Nez Perce
National Historical Park
(See Idaho)

Oregon Caves
National Monument
19000 Caves Highway
Cave Junction, OR 97523-9716
541-592-2100

Violent geologic events spanning millions of years and the dissolving action of acidic water created a marble cave nestled within an unusually diverse array of rock types. The area preserves a remnant of old-growth Douglas fir forest and Northwest rustic architecture within a National Historic District.

Allegheny Portage Railroad
National Historic Site
110 Federal Park Road
Gallitzen, PA 16641
814-886-6100

Traces of the first railroad crossing of the Allegheny Mountains can still be seen here. An inclined-plane railroad, built between 1831 and 1834, permitted transportation of passengers and freight over the mountains, providing a critical link between the Pennsylvania Mainline Canal system and the west.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Delaware Water Gap
National Recreation Area
Bushkill, PA 18324-9410
570-588-2451
(Also in New Jersey)

This scenic and historic area preserves relatively unspoiled land on both the New Jersey and Pennsylvania sides of the Middle Delaware River. The river segment flows through the famous gap in the Appalachian Mountains.

Edgar Allan Poe
National Historic Site
532 North Seventh Street
Philadelphia, PA 19123-3502
215-597-7130

The life and work of this gifted American author are portrayed in the three-building complex at North Seventh Street where Poe lived 1843–44.

Eisenhower
National Historic Site
1195 Baltimore Pike, Suite 100
Gettysburg, PA 17325-7034
717-338-9114

This was the only home ever owned by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife, Mamie. It served as a refuge when he was president and as a retirement home after he left office.

Flight 93
National Memorial
109 West Main Street
Suite 104
Somerset, PA 15501
814-443-4557

On the morning of Sept. 11, 2001, Flight 93 departed Newark, N.J. for San Francisco, Calif. At 9:36 am the plane abruptly turned southeast towards Washington, D.C. It was seen flying low and erratically before crashing just after 10 am in Somerset County, Pa.—less than 20 minutes from Washington. All 33 passengers, seven crew members, and the four hijackers were killed. A planned memorial will honor the courageous actions of passengers and crew to thwart an attack on the nation’s capital.

Fort Necessity
National Battlefield
One Washington Parkway
Farmington, PA 15437-9514
724-329-5512

Colonial troops commanded by Col. George Washington, then 22 years old, were defeated here in the opening battle of the French and Indian War on July 3, 1754.

Friendship Hill
National Historic Site
c/o Fort Necessity
National Battlefield
One Washington Parkway
Farmington, PA 15437-9514
724-329-5512

This home on the Monongahela River near Point Marion, Pa., belonged to Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury from 1801 to 1813 under Presidents Jefferson and Madison.

Gettysburg
National Military Park
1195 Baltimore Pike, Suite 100
Gettysburg, PA 17325-1080
717-334-1124

The Civil War battle fought here July 1–3, 1863, repulsed the second Confederate invasion of the North. Soldiers’ National Cemetery—over 7,000 interments, 1,668 unidentified—adjoins the park. At the dedication of the cemetery, Nov. 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered his timeless Gettysburg Address.

Hopewell Furnace
National Historic Site
2 Mark Bird Lane
Elverson, PA 19520-9505
610-582-8773

This is one of the finest examples of a rural American iron plantation of the 1800s. The buildings include a blast furnace, the ironmaster’s mansion, and auxiliary structures. Hopewell Furnace was founded in 1771 by Mark Bird, the first ironmaster. The furnace operated until 1883.

Independence
National Historical Park
143 S. Third Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106-2778
215-597-8787

The park includes structures and sites in central Philadelphia associated with the American Revolution and the founding of the United States: Independence Hall, Congress Hall, Old City Hall, the Liberty Bell, the First and Second Banks of the United States, Franklin Court, and others.

Johnstown Flood
National Memorial
733 Lake Road
South Fork, PA 15956
814-495-4643

A total of 2,209 people died in the Johnstown Flood of 1889, caused by a break in the South Fork Dam. Clara Barton successfully led the Red Cross in its first disaster relief effort.

Middle Delaware
National Scenic River
c/o Delaware Water Gap
National Recreation Area
Bushkill, PA 18324-9410
570-588-2435
(Also in New Jersey)

This river flows 40 miles through the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Swimming, boating, and fishing opportunities are available.

Potomac Heritage
National Scenic Trail
(See Maryland)

Steamtown
National Historic Site
150 South Washington Avenue
Scranton, PA 18503-2018
570-340-5200

The former Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad yard—including remains of the roundhouse, switchyard, and other buildings—and a collection of steam locomotives and railroad cars tell the story of steam railroading in America in the 1900s.

Thaddeus Kosciuszko
National Memorial
c/o Independence
National Historical Park
143 S. Third Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106-2818
215-597-7130

The life and work of this Polish patriot and hero of the American Revolution are commemorated at 301 Pine Street, Philadelphia.

Upper Delaware Scenic
and Recreational River
274 River Road
Beach Lake, PA 18405-9737
570-729-8251
(Also in New York)

This is a 73.4-mile stretch of river between Hancock and Sparrowbush, N.Y., along the Pennsylvania-New York border. The area includes the Roebling Bridge, believed to be the oldest existing wire-cable suspension bridge, and the Zane Grey home.

Valley Forge
National Historical Park
1400 N. Outer Line Drive
King of Prussia, PA 19406-1009
610-783-1000

Site of Continental Army winter encampment, 1777–78. The park preserves historic landscapes, earthworks, archeological sites, historic structures including Washington’s Headquarters, and a collection of objects illustrating the life of the continental soldier. Park also protects significant natural resources.

San Juan
National Historic Site
Fort San Cristobal
501 Calle Norzagaray
San Juan, PR 00901
787-729-6777

These massive masonry fortifications, oldest in the territorial limits of the United States, were begun by Spaniards in the 1500s to protect a strategic harbor guarding the sea lanes to the Americas.

Roger Williams
National Memorial
282 North Main Street
Providence, RI 02903-1240
401-521-7266

This memorial is a landscaped urban park on the site of the founding of Providence by Roger Williams in 1636. Williams guaranteed religious freedom to all faiths.

Charles Pinckney
National Historic Site
c/o Fort Sumter
National Monument
1214 Middle Street
Sullivans Island, SC 29482-9748
843-881-5516

Charles Pinckney, 1757–1824, fought in the American Revolution and became one of the principal framers of the Constitution. He served as governor of South Carolina and as a member of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, and was President Thomas Jefferson’s minister to Spain. Part of his Snee Farm is preserved here. UNDERGOING RESTORATION.

Congaree
National Park
100 National Park Road
Hopkins, SC 29061-9118
803-776-4396

This park protects the last significant tract of southern bottomland hardwood forest in the United States. It is home to a rich diversity of plant and animal species associated with an alluvial floodplain. Several national and state record trees are in the park.

Cowpens
National Battlefield
PO Box 308
Chesnee, SC 29323-0308
864-461-2828

Brig. Gen. Daniel Morgan won a decisive Revolutionary War victory here over British Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton on Jan. 17, 1781.

Fort Sumter
National Monument
1214 Middle Street
Sullivans Island, SC 29482-9748
843-883-3123

The first engagement of the Civil War took place here on April 12, 1861. The park includes Fort Moultrie, scene of the patriot victory of June 28, 1776—one of the early defeats of the British in the American Revolution. Together the forts reflect 171 years of seacoast defense.

Kings Mountain
National Military Park
2625 Park Road
Blacksburg, SC 29702
864-936-7921

American frontiersmen defeated the British here on Oct. 7, 1780, at a critical point during the American Revolution.

Ninety Six
National Historic Site
PO Box 496
Ninety Six, SC 29666-0496
864-543-4068

This important colonial backcountry trading village was the scene of Nathanael Greene’s siege in 1781. The site contains earthwork embankments of a 1781 fortification, remains of two historic villages, a colonial plantation complex, and many prehistoric sites.

Badlands National Park
PO Box 6
Interior, SD 57750-0006
605-433-5361

Carved by erosion, this scenic landscape contains animal fossils from 26 to 37 million years ago. Prairie grasslands support bison, bighorn sheep, deer, pronghorn antelope, swift fox, and black-footed ferrets.

Jewel Cave
National Monument
R.R. 1, Box 60AA
Custer, SD 57730-9608
605-673-8300

Limestone caverns consist of a series of chambers connected by narrow passages, with fine calcite crystal encrustations.

Minuteman Missile
National Historic Site
21280 SD Highway 240
Philip, SD 57567
605-433-5552

Preserving one of the last remaining Minuteman II intercontinental ballistic missile systems in the upper Great Plains, the site interprets the deterrent value of the land-based portion of America’s nuclear defense during the Cold War era and commemorates the people and events during this key period of American history. Built in 1963, the launch facility, Delta 9, displays a Minuteman missile in its underground silo. Eleven miles away the launch control facility, Delta 1, appears as it did when President George H. Bush ordered the stand-down of these nuclear forces following the signing of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in the fall of 1992.

Missouri
National Recreational River
(See Nebraska)

Mount Rushmore
National Memorial
Highway 244
Bldg. 31, Suite 1
Keystone, SD 57751
605-574-2523

Colossal heads of Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt were sculpted by Gutzon Borglum on the face of a granite mountain.

Wind Cave National Park
R.R. 1, Box 190, Hwy. 385
Hot Springs, SD 57747-9430
605-745-4600

This limestone cave in the scenic Black Hills is decorated by beautiful boxwork and calcite crystal formations. The park’s mixed grass prairie displays an impressive array of wildlife.

Andrew Johnson
National Historic Site
12 Monument Avenue
Greeneville, TN 37744-1088
423-639-3711

The site includes two homes, a tailor shop, and the burial place of the 17th president.

Appalachian
National Scenic Trail
(See Maine)

Big South Fork
National River and
Recreation Area
4564 Leatherwood Road
Oneida, TN 37841-9544
423-569-9778
(Also in Kentucky)

The free-flowing Big South Fork of the Cumberland River is protected here. This was the first park designated as both a national river and a national recreation area, reflecting the decision to preserve the area and offer recreational opportunities.

Chickamauga and
Chattanooga
National Military Park
(See Georgia)

Cumberland Gap
National Historical Park
(See Kentucky)

Fort Donelson
National Battlefield
PO Box 434
Dover, TN 37058-0434
931-232-5706

General U.S. Grant captured three forts, opened two rivers, and received national recognition for victories here in February 1862.

Great Smoky Mountains
National Park
107 Park Headquarters Road
Gatlinburg, TN 37738-4102
865-436-1200
(Also in North Carolina)

The Smokies preserve exquisite plants and animals and structures representing southern Appalachian mountain culture.

Natchez Trace
National Scenic Trail
(See Mississippi)

Natchez Trace Parkway
(See Mississippi)

Obed
Wild and Scenic River
PO Box 429
Wartburg, TN 37887-0429
423-346-6294

The park preserves and protects 45 miles of free-flowing streams, the varied wildlife and plant resources, and the rugged character of this area on the Cumberland Plateau.

Shiloh
National Military Park
1055 Pittsburg Landing Road
Shiloh, TN 38376-9704
731-689-5275
(Also in Mississippi)

On April 6, 1862, the battle of Shiloh began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth, Miss. Afterwards, Union forces marched from Pittsburg Landing to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October Confederate counter-attack.

Stones River
National Battlefield
3501 Old Nashville Highway
Murfreesboro, TN 37129-3095
615-893-9501

A fierce midwinter battle took place here, Dec. 31, 1862–Jan. 2, 1863. The Confederates withdrew after the battle and allowed the Union to control middle Tennessee. Stones River National Cemetery—6,850 interments, 2,562 unidentified—is within the park; no grave space available.

Alibates Flint Quarries
National Monument
c/o Lake Meredith
National Recreation Area
PO Box 1460
Fritch, TX 79036-1460
806-857-3151

For thousands of years, people came to the red bluffs above the Canadian River to dig the colorful agatized dolomite from quarries to make projectile points, knives, and other tools.

Amistad
National Recreation Area
HCR-3, Box 5-J
Del Rio, TX 78840-9350
830-775-7491

Boating, watersports, and camping highlight activities at the Amistad Reservoir on the Rio Grande.

Big Bend
National Park
PO Box 129
Big Bend National Park, TX
79834-0129
432-477-2251

Mountains contrast with desert within the great bend of the Rio Grande, as the river waters rush through deep-cut canyons and the open desert for 118 miles.

Big Thicket
National Preserve
3785 Milam Street
Beaumont, TX 77701-4724
409-839-2689

A great variety of plant and animal species coexist in this biological crossroads of North America.

Chamizal
National Memorial
800 S. San Marcial Street
El Paso, TX 79905-4123
915-532-7273

The memorial commemorates the peaceful settlement of a century-old boundary dispute between the United States and Mexico. This commemoration and multi-cultural understanding are enhanced through the arts in the memorial’s 500-seat theater, outdoor stage, and three art galleries.

Fort Davis
National Historic Site
PO Box 1379
101 Lt. Henry Flipper Drive
Fort Davis, TX 79734-1456
432-426-3225

Soldiers from Fort Davis, a key West Texas post, helped open the area to settlement and protected travelers along the San Antonio-El Paso Road from 1854 to 1891.

Guadalupe Mountains
National Park
HC 60, Box 400
Salt Flat, TX 79847-9400
915-828-3251

This lofty mountain mass rising out of the Chihuahuan desert is part of the world’s most significant Permian limestone fossil reef. The park includes spectacular canyons and unusual plants and animals.

Lake Meredith
National Recreation Area
PO Box 1460
Fritch, TX 79036-1460
806-857-3151

Lake Meredith, created by Sanford Dam on the Canadian River in the Texas Panhandle, is the setting for boating, fishing, and watersports. The area’s canyons, foothills, and meadows provide opportunities for hiking and other activities.

Lyndon B. Johnson
National Historical Park
PO Box 329
Johnson City, TX 78636-0329
830-868-7128

The park contains the reconstructed birthplace, boyhood home, and ranch of the 36th president; his grandparents’ log cabin; and the Johnson family cemetery.

Padre Island
National Seashore
PO Box 181300
Corpus Christi, TX
78480-1300
361-949-8173

Noted for its wide sand beaches, excellent fishing, and abundant bird and marine life, the park stretches along the Gulf Coast for 70 miles.

Palo Alto Battlefield
National Historical Park
1623 Central Blvd. #213
Brownsville, TX 78520-8326
956-541-2785

The park preserves the large battlefield on which the first battle of the U.S.-Mexican War (1846–48) took place. It portrays the battle and the war, and its causes and consequences, from the perspectives of both the U.S. and Mexico.

Rio Grande
Wild and Scenic River
c/o Big Bend National Park
PO Box 129
Big Bend National Park, TX
79834-0129
432-477-2251

A 196-mile strip on the American shore of the Rio Grande in the Chihuahuan Desert protects the river. It begins in Big Bend National Park and continues downstream to the Terrell-Val Verde county line. NO FEDERAL FACILITIES outside Big Bend National Park.

San Antonio Missions
National Historical Park
2202 Roosevelt Avenue
San Antonio, TX 78210-4919
210-534-8833

Four Spanish frontier missions, part of a colonization system that stretched across the Spanish Southwest in the 1600s, 1700s, and 1800s, are preserved here.

Arches National Park
PO Box 907
Moab, UT 84532-0907
435-719-2100

The park has extraordinary products of erosion in the form of some 2,000 arches, windows, pinnacles, and pedestals.

Bryce Canyon
National Park
PO Box 170001
Bryce Canyon, UT 84717-0001
435-834-5322

Highly colored and picturesque pinnacles, walls, and spires stand in horseshoe-shaped amphitheaters along the edge of the high plateau country in southern Utah.

Canyonlands
National Park
2282 S. West Resource Blvd.
Moab, UT 84532
435-719-2100

In this geological wonderland, rocks, spires, and mesas dominate the heart of the Colorado Plateau, cut by canyons of the Green and Colorado rivers. Prehistoric American Indian rock art and structures dot the redrock landscape.

Capitol Reef
National Park
HC 70, Box 15
Torrey, UT 84775-9602
435-425-3791

Capitol Reef preserves the 100-mile-long Waterpocket Fold, an uplift of sandstone cliffs with highly colored sedimentary layers. Dome-shaped white-cap rock accounts for the name. Preserved is rock art of the Fremont Culture and a historic Mormon settlement.