Jefferson National Expansion Administrative History

¹St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 26 March 1968.

²St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 4 April 1968; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 17 May 1968; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 22 May 1968; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 13 December 1968.

³Statement, Cutback in National Park Service Operations, United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, n.d., Frank M. Karsten Papers, file No. 168, WHMC; St Louis Globe-Democrat, 20 September 1968.

⁴Colonel R.E. Smyser, Jr. to Frank M. Karsten, 4 October 1968, Frank Karsten Papers, file No. 168, WHMC; telegram, Robert S. Knapp to Frank Karsten, 20 November 1968, Frank M. Karsten Papers, file No. 168, WHMC; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 1 April 1969.

⁵St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 15 January 1969.

⁶St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1 April 1969; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 6 June 1969.

⁷St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 26 September 1969.

⁸St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 26 February 1968.

⁹LeRoy Brown to Joseph Pulitzer, 29 February 1968, JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 7 March 1968.

¹⁰St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 8 November 1968; Dr. Harry Pfanz earned his Ph.D. in history at Ohio State University. He joined the National Park Service in 1956 as a historian, serving for ten years at Gettysburg before coming to St. Louis.

¹¹St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 23 February 1969.

¹²Cooperative Agreement between the City of St. Louis and the United States of America through Secretary of the Interior, 3 February 1961, JEFF.

¹³Harry Pfanz to A.J. Cervantes, 14 May 1969, JEFF; Kenneth D. McCall to Colonel Edwin R. Decker, 26 June 1969, JEFF.

¹⁴St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 12 June 1969; Pfanz to Cervantes, 12 June 1969, JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 19 June 1969. In 1972 the St. Louis Board of Public Service approved five twenty-five year leases for the use of city-owned wharf space. The leases went to the James B. Eads Corporation, Santa Maria Historical Center, Streckfus Steamers, Fighting Ships, Inc., and Specialty Restaurant Corp.; St. Louis Globe Democrat, 24 May 1972.

¹⁵St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 10 September 1969.

¹⁶Memorandum, LeRoy Scharon to C.E. Rennison, 14 November 1969, JEFF.

¹⁷Minutes of Pre-Construction Conference, Exterior Lighting Old Courthouse, 8 December 1969, JEFF. Belt and Given held general supervision of the work; Hannenkamp Electric Company was the contractor.

¹⁸Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 12 February 1969, JEFF; memorandum, Assistant to Regional Director, Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 27 October 1969, JEFF.

¹⁹Metro East Journal, 24 May 1970; News Release, National Park Service, 23 October 1970, JEFF; Metro East Journal, 11 December 1970; East St. Louis Riverfront Suitability, Feasibility Alternatives (preliminary draft) U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Western Service Center, n.d., JEFF.

²⁰St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 3 February 1970; William L. Bowen to Leonor K. Sullivan, 5 March 1970, JEFF.

²¹St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 9 December 1969; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 5 February 1970; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 27 February 1970.

²²St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 3 April 1970; Harthon L. Bill to James W. Symington, 22 April 1970, JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 21 May 1970.

²³St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 27 February 1970.

²⁴Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director, Midwest Region, 28 May 1970, JEFF.

²⁵St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 20-21 June 1970; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 September 1970; Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Development Status Report [1971], JEFF.

²⁶Paul McG. Miller to Leonor Sullivan, 16 February 1962, JEFF; Conrad Wirth to Leonor Sullivan, 13 March 1962, JEFF.

²⁷Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, 15 March 1968, JEFF; memorandum, Chief Staff Architect to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 29 March 1968, JEFF.

²⁸Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director, Midwest Region, 22 May 1970, JEFF; Cervantes to Pfanz, 12 June 1970, JEFF.

²⁹St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 10 November 1970.

³⁰LeRoy Brown to Donald Fraser, 12 September 1967, JEFF; Superintendent JEFF to Members of U.S. Territorial Expansion Memorial Commission and the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 25 June 1971, JEFF; memorandum, Director NPS to Directorate and AR Field Directors, 17 November 1970, JEFF.

³¹Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Director, Midwest Region, 10 September 1970, JEFF; Pfanz to Mark Paddock, 14 December 1970, JEFF; Annual Meeting Report, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 24 June 1970, JEFF.

³²St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 29 January 1971.

³³St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 13 January 1971. Ivan Parker joined the National Park Service in 1966. He had been chief of the division of personnel management in Washington, D.C. in 1970, before coming to JEFF. Parker graduated from Washington University and served with the Veterans Administration, the Atomic Energy Commission, an the Civil Service Commission before joining the Park Service.

³⁴St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 13 August 1971; Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Development Status Report [1971], JEFF; Parker to Cervantes, 23 April 1971, JEFF.

³⁵Joseph McNicholas to Parker, 8 April 1971, JEFF; Parker to McNicholas, 2 June 1971, JEFF.

³⁶McNicholas to Leonor K. Sullivan, 28 October 1971, JEFF; memorandum, Director Eastern Service Center to Director, NPS, [1971], JEFF; Sullivan to Colonel I. A. Long, 11 November 1971, JEFF; Long to Sullivan, 9 November 1971, JEFF.

³⁷Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Director, Midwest Region, 12 November 1971, JEFF; Special Meeting Executive Committee, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 5 June 1972, JEFF.

³⁸Parker to Colonel I.A. Long, 26 June 1972, JEFF.

³⁹McNicholas to Parker, 14 July 1972, JEFF.

⁴⁰Leonard Volz to McNicholas, 25 August 1972, JEFF; McNicholas to Parker, 23 March 1973, JEFF; Parker to McNicholas, 29 March 1973, JEFF.

⁴¹Memorandum, Director, Midwest Region to Director NPS, 12 March 1971, JEFF.

⁴²Memorandum, Deputy Director to Director, Midwest Region, 23 April 1971, JEFF.

⁴³St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 15 September 1971.

⁴⁴Harris Loesch to Wayne L. Hays, 24 September 1971, JEFF.

⁴⁵Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Director, Midwest Region, 6 October 1971, JEFF.

⁴⁶Memorandum, Director, Midwest Region to Director NPS, 4 November 1971, JEFF.

⁴⁷Charles H. Percy to Harris Loesch, 27 October 1971, JEFF; Melvin Price to Rogers C.B. Morton, 27 October 1971, JEFF.

⁴⁸Parker to Robert Mays, 15 December 1971, JEFF.

⁴⁹Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Director NPS, 6 May 1971, JEFF; Parker to Members of U.S. Territorial Expansion Memorial Commission and the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 25 June 1971, JEFF. The National Park Service originally hoped that Charles Eames, a close associate of Eero Saarinen, would undertake the project, but his workload would not permit it. Park Service officials also considered Kevin Roche, who was Saarinen's chief of design on the memorial and now a member of the successor firm to Saarinen, Saarinen, and Associates, but he also could not accept the commission. The Potomac Group then came under consideration; Aram Mardirosian had previously worked with Kevin Roche. Memorandum, Assistant Director, Administration NPS to Assistant Secretary for Administration. 12 June 1971, JEFF.

The Potomac Group, JNEM Museum: Design Directive [1971], JEFF.

⁵¹Ibid.

⁵²Parker to Members of U. S. Territorial Expansion Memorial Commission, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, Jefferson National Expansion Historical Association, 7 September 1972, JEFF; Meeting Minutes of Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 20 July 1972, JEFF; Ivan Parker, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Activities, 1972, 13 February 1973, JEFF.

⁵³Metro East Journal, 8 February 1972; Ivan Parker, Jefferson ... JEFF.

⁵⁴Parker to Members of U.S. ... JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 13 June 1972; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 22 June 1972.

⁵⁵St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 January 1972; Parker to Crowdus, 22 March 1972, JEFF; Parker to Crowdus, 23 June 1972, JEFF; Sullivan to Julia Butler Hansen, 7 July 1972, JEFF; Hansen to Sullivan, 24 July 1972, JEFF.

⁵⁶Statement For Management and Planning Management Objectives, East St. Louis, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, 10 February 1972, JEFF.

⁵⁷Resolution Authorizing Agreement for Technical Services with the U.S. National Park Service, 24 May 1972, JEFF.

⁵⁸Memorandum Ivan Parker to Director, Midwest Region, 20 July 1972, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Director, Midwest Region, 3 August 1972, JEFF; memorandum, Administrative Officer JEFF to Superintendent Parker, 25 September 1972, JEFF.

⁵⁹Metro East Journal, 10 September 1972; Bill, H.R. 2379, U.S. House of Representatives, 93rd Congress, 1st session, 18 January 1973.

⁶⁰Memorandum, Assistant Chief of Maintenance JEFF to Superintendent JEFF, 1 October 1973, JEFF.

⁶¹St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 29 January 1973.

⁶²St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 31 May 1973; memorandum, Missouri State Director to Director, Midwest Region, 11 June 1973, JEFF.

⁶³Memorandum, Director, Denver Service Center to Director, Midwest Region, 29 June 1973, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Director, Midwest Region, 3 July 1973, JEFF.

⁶⁴Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Director, Midwest Region, 3 July 1973, JEFF.

⁶⁵Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 1 August 1973, JEFF.

⁶⁶Memorandum, Regional Director, Midwest Region to Superintendent JEFF, 17 August 1973, JEFF; J. Leonard Volz to John H. Poelker, 17 August 1973, JEFF.

⁶⁷John Poelker to J. Leonard Volz, 22 August 1973, JEFF.

⁶⁸Volz to Poelker, 7 September 1973, JEFF.

⁶⁹Volz to Poelker, 20 September 1973, JEFF.

⁷⁰Resolution of United States Territorial Expansion Memorial Commission Adopted at a Meeting of the Commission on September 21, 1973 in St. Louis, Missouri, JEFF; Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association Report of Nominating Committee, 27 June 1973, JEFF.

⁷¹Memorandum, Acting Regional Director, Midwest Region to Associate Director, Administration, WASO, 8 November 1973, JEFF.

⁷²Meeting Minutes, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, 17 July 1973, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 28 November 1973, JEFF.

⁷³Memorandum, Acting Regional Director, Midwest Region to Manager, Denver Service Center, 13 December 1973, JEFF; memorandum, Manager, Denver Service Center to Regional Director, 27 December 1973, JEFF.

⁷⁴Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 3 January 1974, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Regional Director, Midwest Region to Manager, Denver Service Center, 18 January 1974, JEFF.

⁷⁵St. Louis Globe Democrat, 20 December 1973; Rogers C.B. Morton to Leonor Sullivan, 17 January 1974, JEFF.

⁷⁶Notification of Personnel Action SF-50, 14 February 1974, JEFF; News Release, National Park Service, 25 January 1974, JEFF. Ivan Parker was placed on leave and thereafter offered the transfer to the Washington post after allegedly being involved in a shooting incident at his home the morning of February 3, 1974. St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 4 February 1974; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 5 February 1974.

⁷⁷Meeting Minutes, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 31 July 1974, JEFF; News Release, National Park Service, 21 November 1974, JEFF.

⁷⁸Glenn Hendrix to Melvin Price, 31 July 1974, JEFF.

⁷⁹Memorandum, Manager, Denver Service Center to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 23 September, 1974, JEFF.

⁸⁰Bill, H.R. 871, U.S. House of Representatives, 94th Congress, 1st session, 14 January 1975; News Release, National Park Service, 17 January 1975, JEFF.

⁸¹Metro East Journal, 20 January 1975; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 20 January 1975.

⁸²Memorandum, Regional Director, Midwest Region to Associate Director, Legislation, WASO, 10 November 1975, JEFF.

⁸³St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 23 March 1975; Robert Chandler's National Park Service career began in 1958 when he served as supervisory horticulturist in Washington, D.C.. He served as assistant superintendent at Mount Rainier National Park for three years, and before coming to St. Louis was associate director of the Chicago field office.

⁸⁴St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 6 February 1975; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 13 March 1975; interview, Robert Chandler, 29 December 1978.

⁸⁵St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 25 July 1975.

⁸⁶St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 8 May 1975; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 18 June 1975; "Meeting Minutes," Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 31 July 1975, JEFF; News Release, National Park Service, 31 January 1975, JEFF.

⁸⁷St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 24 June 1975; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 8 July 1975.

⁸⁸Robert S. Chandler to Harry S. Havens, 12 December 1977, JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 27 October 1975.

⁸⁹St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 22 January 1976; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 9 June 1976.

⁹⁰"Meeting Minutes," Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 8 September 1976, JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 25 October 1976.

⁹¹"Meeting Minutes" JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 9 June 1976.

⁹²Midwest Region Bicentennial Activities, National Park Service, 3 October 1976, JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 26-27 June 1976; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 1 July 1976. Famous-Barr sponsored Water and Sky Spectacles on the waterfront beginning in 1964 to celebrate the city's centennial. The activity continued for five years until halted in 1970 because of landscaping. The Bicentennial started the practice again until halted in 1979, once again because of landscaping.

⁹³Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 1 July 1976, JEFF; Interview, Robert Chandler, 29 December 1978.

⁹⁴St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 10 August 1976; News Release, Office of the Secretary of the Department of the Interior, 23 August 1976, JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 24 August 1976. The museum cost $3,178,000 with $1,910,000 for construction and $1,268,000 for exhibits. The city provided $985,000, Bi-State donated $550,000, the parking lot supplied $150,000, and the Federal Government provided $225,000 for construction. Exhibits were purchased with $270,000 from the memorial association, parking lot funds of $100,000, and Federal funds of $898,000. The Museum of American Immigration on Ellis Island has since supplanted the Museum of Westward Expansion as the largest in the National Park System.

⁹⁵The Washington Post, 16 June 1976; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 12 December 1976; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 14 March 1978.

⁹⁶St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 12 January 1977; Thomas Eagleton, John C. Danforth, William L. Clay, Robert Young, Richard Gephardt, Bill Burlison to Sidney Yates, 3 May 1977, JEFF.

⁹⁷St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 25 May 1977; record of phone call between Robert S. Chandler and Vickie Kessler, 16 June 1977, JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 June 1977; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 June 1977.

⁹⁸"Meeting Minutes" Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 10 August 1977, JEFF.

⁹⁹Ibid.; Memorandum, Program Coordinator, Midwest Region to Associate Regional Director, Administration, Midwest Region, 8 August 1977, JEFF; memorandum, Museum Specialist, Division of Museum Services to Chief, Division of Museum Services, 6 October 1977, JEFF.

¹⁰⁰Exhibit Development Project for the Old Courthouse, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, St. Louis, Missouri, November 1977, JEFF. The four phases of the development referred to the method in which the contracted firm would be selected. Estimated cost of the project was in the range of $250,000, with 15 percent devoted to planning.

¹⁰¹Norman G. Messinger to Roger Kurtz, 12 April 1977, JEFF.

¹⁰²News Release, National Park Service, 8 July 1977, JEFF.

¹⁰³Statement For Management, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial National Historical Site, 31 March 1978, pp. 10-25, JEFF.

¹⁰⁴Robert Chandler to Richard Gephardt, 15 March 1978, JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 25 March 1978.

¹⁰⁵Memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 4 April 1978, JEFF.

¹⁰⁶St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 22 June 1978; Richard Gephardt to Chandler, 27 June 1978, JEFF; Jefferson National Expansion Memorial National Historic Site, Authorization and Funding Summary, JEFF.

¹⁰⁷St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 16 April 1978; Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum, Inc., George L. Crawford and Associates, Parking Garage and Feasibility, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, City of Saint Louis, National Park Service, 18 August 1978, JEFF.

¹⁰⁸Chandler to John C. Thompson, 20 October 1978, JEFF; interview, Robert Chandler, 29 December 1978.

¹⁰⁹St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 7 June 1978; interview, Norman Messinger, 20 May 1980.

¹¹⁰Memorandum, Regional Director, Midwest Region to Superintendent, JEFF, 22 February 1978, JEFF.

¹¹¹"Meeting Minutes" Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 1 September 1978, JEFF interview, Norman Messinger, 20 May 1980.

¹¹²"Meeting Minutes" JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 2 August 1978; North St. Louis Community News, 31 January 1979.

¹¹³Memorandum, Director NPS to Directorate, Field Directorate, WASO Division Chiefs, 25 October 1978, JEFF.

¹¹⁴Memorandum, Acting Superintendent to Regional Director, 17 November 1978, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 6 August 1979, JEFF.

¹¹⁵Memorandum, Ray Breun to Charles Ross, 12 February 1980, JEFF.

¹¹⁶News Release, National Park Service, "Arch Superintendent to Leave," 15 December 1978, JEFF. Jerry Schober, a native of Vicksburg, Mississippi, served as superintendent at Gettysburg and was superintendent for four years at Golden Gate National Recreational Area in San Francisco before coming to St. Louis.

¹¹⁷St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 7 May 1979; interview, Norman Messinger, 20 May 1980.

¹¹⁸Memorandum, Structural Engineer, Midwest/ Rocky Mountain Team, DSC to Assistant Manager, Midwest/Rocky Mountain Team DSC, 19 July 1979, JEFF.

¹¹⁹Interview, Norman Messinger, 20 May 1980; interview, Jerry Schober, 22 May 1980.

¹²⁰Interview, Jerry Schober, 22 May 1980; memorandum, Superintendent JEFF to Assistant Regional Solicitor, Denver, 8 May 1980, JEFF.

¹²¹Interview, Robert Chandler, 29 December 1978; interview, Jerry Schober, 22 May 1980.

¹²²Interview, Jerry Schober, 22 May 1980.

¹²³Randall R. Pope to Melvin Price, 26 May 1978, JEFF; Merrill D. Beal to Melvin Price, 12 July 1978, JEFF.

¹²⁴William Whalen to John Kramer, 28 August 1979 JEFF; William E. Loftus to J.L. Dunning [November 1979], JEFF.

¹²⁵Bill, H.R. 6620, U.S. House of Representatives, 96th Congress, 2nd session, 26 February 1980; William Reichert to Malcom W. Martin, 11 February 1980, JEFF; Institute For Humanistic Studies, A Proposal for the Institute for Humanistic Studies, a Cultural Arts Complex, February 1980, JEFF.

¹²⁶Interview, Robert Chandler, 29 December 1978, interview, Jerry Schober, 22 May 1980.