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Jefferson National Expansion
Administrative History |
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Administrative History Sharon A. Brown |
CHAPTER VII:
Footnotes
1Interview, George B. Hartzog, Jr., 19 November 1979. Hartzog, a South Carolinian, worked as a lawyer for the Department of the Interior before joining the National Park Service as assistant superintendent at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. He came to St. Louis in 1959.
2Eero Saarinen and Associates, Report on Conferences Held at St. Louis, Missouri in Reference to Progress Of Work on the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Project No. 5802, 28 February 1959, JEFF.
3St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 31 August 1958.
4South Side Journal, 5 August, 1959; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 20 September, 1959. The St. Louis newspapers led the campaign to save the Old Rock House. See: St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 25 May 1959, and St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 1 June 1959.
5St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1 February 1959.
6Memorandum, Chief Research Historian to Superintendent JNEM, 10 September 1964, JEFF.
9St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 4 September 1958; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 25 December 1959. The dirt came from excavations for a nearby expressway. The Missouri Highway Commission paid the expense of hauling and spreading the fill.
10St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 26 June 1959; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 26 June 1959.
11Eero Saarinen to A.F. Schwartz, 22 October 1958; Frank M. Karsten Papers, file No. 2599, WHMC.
12St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 3 July 1959; Nell Marie Geders to Board of Aldermen, 24 April 1959, JEFF.
13Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Chief EODC, 2 October 1959, JEFF; Conrad Wirth to Raymond Tucker, 20 October 1959, JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 22 October 1959.
14Roger Ernst to Stuart Symington, 11 February 1959, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. Papers, file No. 4930, WHMC.
15St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 May 1959; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 5 June 1959; telegram, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr., Stuart Symington to William Crowdus, 5 June 1959, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. Papers, file No. 4932, WHMC.
16Interview, George B. Hartzog, Jr., 19 November 1979; Master Plan, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, March 1959, JEFF; Guidelines for the Master Plan, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, 10 March 1959, JEFF.
17Master Plan ... JEFF; Guidelines ... JEFF.
19For more information on Mission 66 see John Ise, Our National Park Policy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1961), pp. 546-50.
20St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 10 March, 1959; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director, NPS, 13 April 1959, JEFF.
21Hartzog to J.W. Thompson, 17 April 1959, JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 22 April 1959; Pre-Advertising Notice of Construction Contract at Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, National Park Service, 29 April 1959, JEFF; Before the Public Service Commission of the State of Missouri, City of St. Louis v Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis, et al. 6 May 1959, JEFF.
22Hartzog to Thomas C. Hennings, Jr., 8 June 1959, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. Papers, file No. 4932, WHMC; St Louis Globe-Democrat, 9 June 1959.
23News release from National Park Service, 12 June 1959, JNEMA; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 26 June 1959.
24St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 July 1959; Walter Morehead, Narrative Report for the Month of August 1959, JEFF; newsletter, Morton May to Membership of Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 19 November 1959, JNEMA; interview, George B. Hartzog, Jr., 19 November 1979.
25Summary of Remaining Items For Development Program and Estimates of Cost, National Park Service, 5 January 1960, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. Papers, file No. 4934, WHMC.
26Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 April 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 May 1960, JEFF.
27St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 25 May 1960.
28Memorandum, Regional Director, Region Two to Director NPS, 15 April 1959, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 June 1960, JEFF; Merrill J. Mattes, Preliminary Museum Prospectus, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, April 1959, JEFF; William C. Everhart, Report of Museum Tour, 6-11 June 1960, JEFF.
29Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 3 August 1959, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Regional Director to Superintendent JNEM, 4 March 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 7 September 1960, JEFF. The assistant secretary of the interior approved the Old Cathedral cooperative agreement on February 23, 1961. Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 May 1961, JEFF.
30Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 June 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 September 1960, JEFF.
31Staffing Study, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, 18-22 April 1960, JEFF.
32Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, Region Two, 29 January 1960, JEFF.
34Statement of Justification of Project Fund Requirements, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, Fiscal 1960 through 1963, JEFF.
35Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 July 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 September 1960, JEFF.
36Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 November 1960, JEFF.
37Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 January 1961, JEFF. The museum unit names were: Miner's Frontier, Title to the West, Explorers of a Wilderness, Cattleman's Frontier, The Overland Experience, Trapper's and Trader's Frontier, Indian's Frontier, Soldier's Frontier, Face of the West, Impact of the West, Sodbuster's Frontier, Settlers to the Far West. For more information on the museum exhibit topics and on-going National Park Service research, see John Jenkins, "Gateway to the West," The American West, 1, 1, Winter, 1964, pp. 52-58.
38Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Chief EODC, 12 July 1960, JEFF.
39Ibid.; Hartzog to Tucker, 22 July 1960, JEFF.
40Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Chief EODC, 22 July 1960, JEFF.
42Memorandum, Chief EODC to Superintendent JNEM, 1 August 1960, JEFF.
43Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Chief EODC, 3 August 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Regional Director to Superintendent JNEM, 12 August 1960, JEFF.
44Memorandum, Director NPS to Superintendent JNEM, 22 August 1960, JEFF.
45Memorandum, Regional Director to Regional Chief of Operations, 9 September 1960, JEFF.
46Memorandum, Regional Director, Region Two to Director NPS, 16 September 1960, JEFF.
47Saarinen to Wirth, 23 December 1958, JEFF; memorandum, Supervisory Park Engineer to Superintendent JNEM, 23 September 1960, JEFF.
48Memorandum, Supervisory Park Engineer to Superintendent JNEM, 23 September 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 December 1960, JEFF.
49Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 December 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Chief EODC, 18 January 1960, JEFF. The railroad relocation involved the largest building and utilities contract ever awarded by the Park Service. The change order, approximately $2,500,000, was larger than the original contract in addition to being the largest change order ever issued. Staffing Study ... JEFF.
50Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Chief EODC, 18 January 1960, JEFF.
51Hartzog to Robert Blackburn, 13 October 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Files, 1 November 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 December 1960, JEFF.
52Thomas Hennings, Jr., Stuart Symington, Frank Karsten, Thomas Curtis, Leonor Sullivan to Maurice Stans, 12 January 1960, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr., Papers, file No. 4934, WHMC; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 19 January 1960.
53St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 26 January 1960; Rolla News, Rolla, Missouri, 26 January 1960; Newsletter to Membership, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 11 February 1960, JNEMA.
54St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 12 February 1960; Maurice Stans to Thomas C. Hennings, Jr., 17 February 1960, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. Papers, file No. 4935, WHMC.
55St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 19 February 1960.
56St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1 March 1960.
57St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 29 March 1960; telegram, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr., to Raymond Tucker, 29 March 1960, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. Papers, file No. 4936, WHMC; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 6 May 1960; Hennings to Harry F. Byrd, 27 May 1960, Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. Papers, file No. 4937, WHMC.
58St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 May 1960.
59St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 June 1960.
60 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 2 July 1960; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 19 July 1960; Raymond Tucker to Wirth, 23 November 1960, JEFF.
61St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 16 December 1960.
62St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 16 January 1961; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 15 April 1961; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 19 April 1961; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1 May 1961; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 8 June 1961; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 5 August 1961; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 28 September 1961.
63Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 December 1960, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 February 1961, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Superintendent to Director NPS, 13 June 1961, JEFF; interview, George B. Hartzog, Jr., 19 November 1979.
64St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 13 February 1961; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 February 1961, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 March 1961, JEFF.
65Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Chief EODC, 30 January 1961, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Chief EODC, 2 February 1961, JEFF.
66Memorandum, Superintendent, JNEM to Chief EODC, 2 February 1961, JEFF; newsletter, Morton May to Membership, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 18 May 1961, JNEMA.
67Saarinen to Wirth, 22 May 1961, JEFF; Tucker to Wirth, 10 June 1961, JEFF.
68Memorandum, Director NPS to Chief EODC, 15 June 1961, JEFF.
69Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, Region Two, 20 June 1961, JEFF.
70Memorandum, Bill Everhart to John Jenkins, 2 July 1961, JEFF.
71Memorandum, Chief EODC to Superintendent JNEM, 18 October 1961, JEFF.
72Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 December 1961, JEFF.
73Hartzog to Tucker, 9 December 1961, JEFF.
74Telegram, Hartzog to Frank Karsten, 20 December 1961, Frank Karsten Papers, file No. 2591, WHMC.
75Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 February 1961, JEFF.
76Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 March 1961, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 April 1961, JEFF. Staff members on the review committee were: Merrill Mattes, Ralph Lewis, Herb Kahler.
77Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 May 1961, JEFF.
78Memorandum, Bill Everhart to John Jenkins, 2 July 1961, JEFF; Hartzog to Jenkins, 5 July 1961, JEFF.
79Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director, NPS, 11 September 1961, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 November 1961, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 December 1961, JEFF.
80Memorandum, Assistant Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 January 1962, JEFF.
81Eero Saarinen, Saarinen on His Work, ed. Aline B. Saarinen (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962), p. 104; interview, George B. Hartzog, Jr., 19 November 1979. Saarinen's contract with the National Park Service, dated 8 January 1959, was assumed five years after his death by the successor firm of Kevin Roche, John Dinkeloo and Associates. All services provided by the contract were finished to the Park Service's satisfaction in July 1969. The last invoice was for $7,500. Memorandum, Chief Staff Architect and Contracting Officer to Regional Finance Officer, Northeast Region, 10 July 1969, JEFF.
86Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 February 1962, JEFF; News Release, National Park Service, 14 February 1962, Frank Karsten Papers, file No. 2592, WHMC.
83News Release ... WHMC; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 3-4 March, 1962.
88Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 15 March 1962, JEFF; Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Project, National Park Service, United States Department of Interior, 3 April 1962, JEFF; Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, National Park Service, United States Department of Interior [1964], JEFF.
85Jefferson ... Project JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 5 April, 1962; Annual Report of Morton D. May, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 13 June 1962, JNEMA.
86Annual Report ... JNEMA; Wirth to Karsten, 8 May 1962, Frank Karsten Papers, file No. 2592, WHMC; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 7 June 1962, JEFF.
87St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 17 March 1962; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 20 March 1962; Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. . . JEFF.
88St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 12 July 1962.
89Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 August 1962.
90Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 5 March 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 May 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 August 1962, JEFF.
91Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 May 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 July 1962, JEFF.
92Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 September 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM for Director NPS, 12 October 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 November 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 December 1962, JEFF.
93Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 July 1962, JEFF; Thematic Synopsis Museum of Westward Expansion, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, June 1962, JEFF.
94Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 July 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 September 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 December 1962, JEFF.
95Hartzog to H. Raymond Gregg, 16 October 1962, JEFF.
96Hartzog to H. Raymond Gregg, 16 October 1962, JEFF.
97Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 1 November 1962, JEFF.
99Ibid. Earlier in the year George Hartzog considered various plans to reduce costs on the Arch construction through redesign. One consideration was to construct the Arch as a welded steel frame and hang the stainless steel skin on the frame. This would require a redesign of the conveyance system also, so the estimated savings amounted to less than $1,000,000. Hartzog considered reducing the Arch's height from 630 to 590 feet, which would save $500,000. Thirdly, he considered bolting the structure rather than welding it. The cost of redesign alone was $100,000 with re-bidding costs running the same. Fortunately, Hartzog did not have to resort to any of these moves. Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 26 January 1962, JEFF.
100Telegram, Regional Programs Coordinator to Superintendent JNEM, 2 November 1962, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Regional Director, Midwest Region to Director NPS, 7 November 1962, JEFF.
101Memorandum, Regional Director to Regional Program Coordinator, 21 November 1962, JEFF.
102Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 1 February 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 February 1963, JEFF.
103Estimates of Eero Saarinen and Associates for Completion of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, 15 February 1963, JEFF.
104St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 12 September 1963.
105Ibid.; Edward Greensfelder to Wirth, 4 September 1963, JEFF.
106Memorandum, Chief EODC to Superintendent JNEM, 19 June 1962, JEFF.
107Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 1 February 1963, JEFF.
108Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 March 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, 17 May 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 6 September 1963, JEFF.
109Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 February 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 September 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 November 1963, JEFF.
110Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 February 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 May 1963, JEFF.
111Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 May 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 June 1963, JEFF.
112Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 July 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 August 1963, JEFF.
113Ibid.; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 September 1963, JEFF.
114Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 September 1963, JEFF; Status of Development of Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, 1 September 1963, JEFF.
116Ibid.; memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 October 1963, JEFF.
117Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 November 1963, JEFF.
118Ibid.; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 December 1963, JEFF; Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 January 1964, JEFF.
119Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 January 1964, JEFF.
120Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 February 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 March 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 April 1963, JEFF.
121Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 May 1963, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 June 1963, JEFF; Status ... JEFF.
122Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 December 1963, JEFF.
123Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 February 1964, JEFF.
124Ibid.; Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 18 March 1964, JEFF; Gregg to Dickmann, 31 March 1964, Bernard F. Dickmann Papers, file No. 8 (3403) WHMC.
125Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 18 March 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 April 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 May 1964, JEFF.
126St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 April 1964.
127St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 16 May 1964.
128Ibid.; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 July 1964, JEFF. In July CORE members drew even more attention to their allegations of racial discrimination. Two members, Richard Daly and Percy Green, staged a "climb-in" on the Arch's north leg for several hours before they were arrested. St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 15 July 1964.
129Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 January 1965, JEFF.
130Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 July 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 August 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Assistant Director, Design and Construction to Assistant Secretary, Public Land Management, 19 June 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Assistant Director, Design and Construction to Assistant Secretary, Public Land Management, 29 June 1964, JEFF; Conversation Between Ted Rennison, JNEM, and George Lucko, MWRO, Concerning Construction of the Arch, October 1970, (oral history interview) p. 13, JEFF.
131Memorandum, Assistant Director, Design and Construction to Assistant Secretary Public Land Management, 2 July 1964, JEFF. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported there was no question of the Arch's structural stability and that only its soundness and safety was being reviewed. According to the paper, the review dealt with the question of concrete shrinkage resulting from the earlier problems with the south leg's tensioning rods. The Park Service wanted to be sure that the concrete shrinkage was the same in both legs so their length would remain identical. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 3 July 1964.
132Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 October 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 November 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 December 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 January 1965, JEFF; Conversation Between ... p. 13, JEFF.
133Annual Report of Rolla W. Streett, President, Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, 4 June 1964, JNEMA; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 May 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 September 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 October 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 15 December 1964, JEFF.
134Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 July 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 November 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 December 1964, JEFF.
135Minutes of the Meeting of the United States Territorial Expansion Memorial Commission in St. Louis (draft), 24 November 1964, JEFF. National Park Service Director George Hartzog detailed the donations made to the memorial other than those made by the city and the Terminal Railroad Association: 1958-1961 - fill dirt contributed by general contractors (1,002,100 cubic yards = $2,304,830); 1959 - top soil contributed by the State of Missouri (2,000 cubic yards = $10,000); 1961 - Missouri Pacific Railroad for development ($3,150); 1963 - Laclede Gas Company for orientation film ($25,000); 1964 - Union Electric Company for development ($5,000); 1964 - Seedlings Garden Club for landscaping ($50,000); 1965 - city of Clayton, Missouri for acquisition and renovation of covered wagon ($1,600). Additionally, the Rabbinical Association of St. Louis indicated to Hartzog that it would contribute $25,000 for a fountain in the visitor center. The American Iron and Steel Institute and Laclede Gas Company together donated $100,000 for the film "Monument to the Dream." Much of the utility work was also donated. Union Electric extended a steam line ($75,000), the Metropolitan Sewer District performed sewer work ($22,000), and the City Water Division donated work on water mains ($25,000).
136Hartzog to Luther Ely Smith, Jr., (December 1964), JEFF; memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 January 1965, JEFF.
137St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 19 March 1965; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 19 March 1965; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 9 April 1965. Those testifying, in addition to the congressional delegation, were George Hartzog, Jr., LeRoy Brown, Raymond Tucker, William Crowdus, Morton May, Ronald Foulis and Charles Nagle. Annual Report of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 15 June 1965, JEFF.
138St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 11 April 1965.
139St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 18 June 1965; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 9 September 1965; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 2 October 1965. Some unusual comments were made about the project prior to the House vote. Pennsylvania's Joseph Vigorito stated, "I've seen the Eiffel Tower and I've seen this steel monstrosity in St. Louis. I was appalled. Why don't we just take an old battleship and give it to them to stand on end out there?" St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 2 October 1965.
140Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 February 1965, JEFF.
141Ibid., St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 19 March 1965, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 April 1965, JEFF.
142Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director, 14 April 1965, JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 28 April 1965.
143Memorandum, Acting Superintendent to Director NPS, 12 May 1965, JEFF.
144Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 June 1965, JEFF.
145News Release, National Park Service, 22 June 1965, Frank M. Karsten Papers, file No. J 2596, WHMC, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 29 July 1965.
146Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 July 1965, JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 30 June 1965.
147St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 14 July 1965; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 11 August 1965.
148St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 25 August 1965.
149Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 July 1965, JEFF; St. Louis Post Dispatch, 2 August 1965. LeRoy Brown joined the National Park Service in 1942 and held programming and administration posts in Washington, D.C., Chicago, and Omaha. He came to St. Louis in June 1963 as assistant Superintendent of the memorial.
150Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 August 1965, JEFF.
151St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 25 August 1965; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 7 November 1965.
152St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 7 November 1965.
153St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 21 November 1965.
154Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 September 1965, JEFF; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 17 September 1965.
155St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 21 September 1965.
156St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 3 October 1965.
157Brown to R.K. MacDonald, 24 September 1965, JEFF.
159St. Louis Bicentennial Corporation, Decisions Reached at Meeting of Board of Directors, October 5, 1965 with Mayor Cervantes and the Dedication and Parade Committees, 8 October 1965, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 October 1965, JEFF.
160St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 5 October 1965; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 October 1965.
161St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 25 October 1965; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 November 1965, JEFF.
162St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 26 October 1965; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 November 1965, JEFF.
163St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 29 October 1965.
164Ibid.; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 November 1965, JEFF. For information on the technical engineering aspects of the arch's construction, see: J.E.N. Jensen "A Steel Arch ... Symbol of the Spirit of the Pioneers," Civil Engineering, October 1965, pp. 64-69.
165Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 5 October 1965, JEFF.
167Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 14 January 1964, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 November 1965, JEFF; Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association to W.A. Johnston, November 1965, JEFF.
168Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 December 1965, JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 14 November 1965; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 17 November 1965.
169Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 December 1965, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 January 1966, JEFF.
170Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 March 1965, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 May 1965, JEFF; memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 June 1965, JEFF.
171Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 June 1965, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 October 1965, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 January 1966, JEFF.
172St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 7 September 1965.
173St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 15 July 1965.
174St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 January 1966.
175St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 28 January 1966; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 February 1966.
176Memorandum, Acting Director NPS to Secretary of the Interior, 17 February 1966.
177St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 24 March 1966.
178St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 18 October 1966; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 14 November 1966.
179Thomas B. Curtis, Stuart Symington to Charles Schultze, 16 November 1966, Frank M. Karsten Papers, file No. 2598, WHMC; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 22 November 1966; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 21 December 1966.
180St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 11 January 1966.
181St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 20 January 1966.
182St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 22 January 1966.
183St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 5 February 1966. The unions involved were: Pipefitters Local 562, Sheet Metal Workers Local 36, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 1, Laborers Union Local 42, and Plumbers Local 35.
184A secondary boycott is organized by one group against a party to force an action by a third party. The unions were trying to force Hoel-Steffen to stop doing business with E. Smith Plumbing.
185St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 8 February 1966. The fifth union, Plumbers Local 35, was not named in this action.
186St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 9 February 1966; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 10 February 1966; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 12 February 1966.
187Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 March 1966, JEFF.
188St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 9 March 1966.
189St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 15 March 1966.
190Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 March 1966, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 April 1966, JEFF.
191Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS 8 April 1966; St Louis Post-Dispatch, 8 April 1966.
192Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 April 1966, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 10 May 1966, JEFF.
193Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 April 1966, JEFF.
194Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 August 1966, JEFF. Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 October 1966, JEFF.
195Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director, 10 June 1966, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director, 21 July 1966, JEFF.
196St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 23 June 1966.
197Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 21 July 1966, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 August 1966, JEFF.
199Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 October 1966, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 September 1966, JEFF.
200Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 9 November 1966, JEFF.
202Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 December 1966, JEFF.
203Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 January 1967, JEFF.
204Ibid.; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 December 1966, JEFF; LeRoy Brown to George Gray, 11 July 1974, JEFF.
205Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 February 1966, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 8 April 1966, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director, 21 July 1966, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 October 1966, JEFF.
206St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 12 December 1966.
207St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 January 1967.
208St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 April 1967.
209St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 May 1967; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 18 May 1967.
210St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 8 June 1967.
211William Crowdus to Friends and Members of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association, 19 January 1967, JEFF; South Side Journal, 1 March 1967; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 20 February 1967; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 6 March 1967; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 3 March 1967; Mrs. Aloys P. Kaufmann, Mrs. Fred Porterfield to Mr. and Mrs. Dickmann, 21 February, 1967, Bernard F. Dickmann Papers, file No. 13, WHMC; Ronald Foulis to Frank M. Karsten, 20 January 1967, Frank M. Karsten Papers, file No. 2599, WHMC.
212St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 27 February 1967.
213St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 2 March 1967; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 2 March 1967.
214St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 2 March 1967.
215St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 8 March 1967; Leonor Sullivan to Charles Schultze, 4 December 1967, JEFF; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 6 December 1967.
216St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 18 July 1967.
217St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 17 January 1967.
218St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 20 January 1967.
219George B. Hartzog, Jr., to William Crowdus, 30 January 1967, JEFF.
220Ibid.; "Minutes of the Meeting of the United States Territorial Expansion Memorial Commission," 3 February 1967, Frank M. Karsten Papers, file No. 2600, WHMC.
221Press Release from Mayor Alfonso Cervantes, 21 March 1967, JEFF.
222Alfonso Cervantes to Kenneth Hyatt, 19 May 1967, JEFF; interview, LeRoy Brown, 17 March 1980.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 11 July 1967.
224St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 29 September 1967; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 6 December 1967, JEFF.
225St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 6 December 1967; William Crowdus to Clinton Anderson, 28 December 17, JNEMA.
226St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 31 January 1967; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 February 1967.
227Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 February 1967, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 March 1967, JEFF.
228LeRoy Brown, Conference Summary, 13 March 1967, JEFF.
230Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 February 1967, JEFF; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 March 1967, JEFF.
231Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 March 1967, JEFF; Hartzog to Cervantes, 20 February 1967, JEFF; W. Marvin Watson to Cervantes, 28 February 1967, JEFF.
232St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 9 March 1968; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 15 March 1968.
233Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 13 April 1967, JEFF.
236St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 21 April 1967.
237Ibid.; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 May 1967, JEFF.
238Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 May 1967, JEFF.
239Memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 12 June 1967, JEFF.
240Ibid.; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 10 June 1967; memorandum, Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 11 May 1967, JEFF.
241St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 21 June 1967.
242Memorandum, Acting Superintendent JNEM to Director NPS, 14 July 1967, JEFF; St Louis Globe-Democrat, 27 June 1967; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 28 June 1967.
243Memorandum, W.T. Corbett to Associate Solicitor, 17 July 1967, JEFF.
244St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 July 1967.
245St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 12 March 1968; St. Louis Globe-Democrat; 13 March 1968; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 March 1968. The 17 March Post-Dispatch article gives detailed explanations of the transportation system's functions and safety features.
246St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 15 January 1968.
247St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 15 January 1968; interview, Richard Bowser, 20 November 1979.
249St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 16 January 1968; MacDonald Construction Company's largest single appeal dealt with the alleged damage to the Arch's stainless steel sections. Other appeals involved alleged defective workmanship on the concrete steps near the Arch legs, the National Park Service ten-day stop order, and problems concerning the capsule doors on the transportation system. Both the Planet Corporation and Pittsburgh Des-Moines Steel Company filed complaints against MacDonald seeking reimbursement for extra work and delays. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 January 1968.
250St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 18 January 1968; interview, Richard Bowser, 20 November 1979.
251Interview, LeRoy Brown, 17 March 1980; interview, Kramer Chapman, 14 March 1980.
252Interview, LeRoy Brown, 17 March 1980; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 19 May 1968. Dr. Harry Pfanz believes that the whole controversy "got a little vicious" and that it is a "story that maybe never will come out." Interview, Dr. Harry Pfanz, 20 November 1979.
253St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 27 March 1968; Cervantes to Dickmann, 30 April 1968, Bernard F. Dickmann Papers, file No. 14, WHMC.
??? is this a new footnote in the revised edition ??? ??? if so, the last footnote is 256 and not 255 ???254Plagued with the Vietnam War, Johnson had declined to run for a second full term; Robert F. Kennedy and Vice President Hubert Humphrey tightly contested the Democratic Presidential campaign.
255St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 19 May 1968; St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 23 May 1968.
256Interview, Dr. Harry Pfanz, 20 November 1979.
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