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GEORGE ROGERS CLARK
Maintaining A Legacy An Administrative History of George Rogers Clark National Historical Park |
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ENDNOTES
George Rogers Clark and the Taking of Fort Sackville
1James Alton James, The Life of George Rogers Clark (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1928), 1-27; Frederick Austin Ogg, The Old Northwest: A Chronicle of the Ohio Valley and Beyond (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1919), 48-49.
2Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 371-74; John D. Barnhart and Dorothy L. Riker, Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau and Indiana Historical Society, 1971), 191-94; John Mack Faragher, Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer (New York: Henry Holt, 1992), 145.
3White, The Middle Ground, 366-69.
4Robert C. Alberts, George Rogers Clark and the Winning of the Old Northwest (Washington, D. C.: National Park Service, Office of Publications, 1975), 1-19.
8White, The Middle Ground, 371; Alberts, George Rogers Clark, 44-45.
9Alberts, George Rogers Clark, 48-49.
11Ibid., 49; for the best explanation of the meaning of the killings, see White, The Middle Ground, 375-78.
12Alberts, George Rogers Clark, 50.
13Ogg, The Old Northwest, 81-89; Allan W. Eckert, A Sorrow in Our Heart: The Life of Tecumseh (New York: Bantam Books, 1992), 329-36, 356-62; White, The Middle Ground, 454-55; Eckert, The Frontiersmen: A Narrative (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1967), 339-44, 368-80.
14Eckert, A Sorrow in Our Heart, 627-78; White, The Middle Ground, 516-57; Ogg, The Old Northwest, 148-54.
15Alberts, George Rogers Clark, 62; James, The Life of George Rogers Clark, 322-473.
"Second to None in America, Even East of the Alleghenies": Inventing the George Rogers Clark Memorial
16Ellis W. Hawley The Great War and the Search for a Modern Order: A History of the American People and their Institutions, 1917-1933 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1979); William E. Leuchrenberg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914-1932, 2d ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).
17Kenneth T. Jackson, The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915-1930 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967).
18Foresta, America's National Parks), 38; Kammen, The Mystic Chords of Memory; Robert Rydell, All the World's A Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876-1916 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 1-8; Curtis M. Hinsley, Jr., Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981); Stuart McConnell, Glorious Contentment: The Grand Army of the Republic, 1865-1900, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
19Edwin C. Bearss, George Rogers Clark Memorial, Historic Structures Report, Historical Data (Washington, D. C.: National Park Service, Office of History and Historic Architecture, 1970), 5-6.
20Hinsley, Jr., Savages and Scientists, 21-122.
21Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 6.
23Ibid., 7-8; Vincennes Commercial, May 25, 1926; Vincennes Sun, May 26, 1926.
24Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 8.
25Charles B. Hosmer, Jr., Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1981), PP; Horace M. Albright as told to Robert Cahn, The Birth of the National Park Service: The Founding Years, 1913-1933 (Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers Press, 1985), 243-47, 293-97; Hal Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts: The American National Monuments (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 187-99.
26Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 9.
27Ibid., 9; Vincennes Commercial, January 28, 1927.
28Vincennes Commercial, February 20, 1927.
29Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 11.
30Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 10-11; Vincennes Commercial, February 20, 1927.
31Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 11.
32Alfred Runte, National Parks: The American Experience (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987), 2nd. ed., 114-18; Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 173, 189, 199.
33Albright as told to Cahn, The Birth of the National Park Service, 243-47; Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 193-201; John Ise, Our National Park Policy: A Critical History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1961), 271-300. Meriwether Lewis National Monument was incorporated into Natchez Trace Parkway in 1961.
34Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, July 13, 1931, Record Group 148, Records of Minor Congressional Committees.
35Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 13-14.
39History Bulletin V. 5, no. 3, December 1927, 47.
40Vincennes Commercial, February 22, 1928; Vincennes Commercial, February 25, 1928.
41Vincennes Commercial, February 24, 1928.
42Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 19-20.
43Vincennes Commercial, June 10, 1928.
44Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, April 18, 1929, NA, RG 148; Vincennes Commercial, April 19, 1929.
45Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, June 20, 1929, NA, RG 148.
46Ibid.; The George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, Program of a Competition for the Selection of an Architect for Designing and Constructing in Vincennes, Indiana, a Permanent Memorial Commemorating the Winning of the Old Northwest and the Achievements of George Rogers Clark and his Associates in the War of the American Revolution; Wm. E. Parsons, Architectural Adviser [sic]; (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1929), 1-29.
47Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, February 14, 1930, NA, RG 148.
48Ibid.; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 56-58; for information about the Crash of 1929 and the economic calamities that followed, see William L. Leuchrenberg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1940 (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1963).
49Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 21-29.
50Vincennes Commercial, January 28, 1930.
52Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 26-28.
54Ibid., 28-29; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, March 2, 1931.
55Leuchrenberg, The New Deal, 11-17.
56Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, August 22, 1930; Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, September 17, 1930; Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, October 2, 1930, NA, RG 148.
57Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, November 18-19, 1930, NA, RG 148.
58Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 87-88; Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, December 1, 1930, NA, RG 148.
59Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 59-64.
60Vincennes Sun-Commercial, September 3, 1931.
61James C. Ford, Inspector in Charge, District Headquarters, U.S. Commissioner of Immigration, Montreal, Canada, Subdistrict: Newport, Vermont, to Honorable Walter W. Husband, 2nd. Assistant Secretary of Labor, August 29, 1931; Luther E. Smith and Clem J. Richards, to the Executive Committee of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, September 26, 1931, NA, RG 148, Records of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission.
62Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, September 28, 1931, NA, RG 148, Records of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission.
64Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 90-93.
65Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, March 14, 1934, NA, RG 148; Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, June 15, 1934, NA, RG 148, Records of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission.
63Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 67-78, 83-86; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, December 9, 1934.
66Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 92-93.
"A Sort of Orphan": The Consequences of Independent Status
1"Of National Concern," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 7, 1965.
2Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 51-59; Ise, Our National Park Policy, 517-72.
3Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 34-35.
5Christopher Coleman to Harold L. Ickes, July 11, 1933; Christopher Coleman to D. Frank Culbertson, November 2, 1934, National Archives, Record Group 148; Donald Swain, "Harold Ickes, Horace Albright and the Hundred Days: A Study in Conservation Administration," Pacific Historical Review, 34 (November 1965): 455-65; Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 162-65.
6Christopher Coleman to D. Frank Culbertson, November 2, 1934, NA, RG 148; Christopher Coleman to D. Frank Culbertson, August 23, 1938, NA, RG 148.
8Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 41-42.
9Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, August 20, 1939.
10?Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 27, 1940.
11Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 44.
12Indianapolis Star, May 30, 1940.
13Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 43.
14Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 173-78; Barry Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service: A Historical Perspective (Washington, D.C.: Division of History, National Park Service, 1986), 12-25.
15Frank Wallace to Austin Snyder, May 22, 1941; E. Dean Miller, Attorney-at-Law, to Governor, State of Indiana, July 25, 1941; Hugh Barnhart, Director, Indiana Department of Conservation, Floyd Stoelting, Secretary-Manager, Vincennes Chamber of Commerce, September 8, 1941, Indiana Department of Conservation, George Rogers Clark Memorial, 1941, 44F, 63, R2007, Indiana State Archives.
16Warren J. Belasco, Americans on the Road: From Autocamp to Motel, 1910-1945 (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1979), 129-73; John Jakie, The Tourist in Twentieth Century America (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986).
17Marc G. Waggener to Hugh A. Barnhart, October 10, 1941, Indiana Department of Conservation, George Rogers Clark Memorial, 1941, 44F, 63, R2007, Indiana State Archives.
18Robert Lagemann, interview with Robert Holden, ca. January 1989, tape 1, 15-18, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
19Runte, National Parks, 171-79; Ise, Our National Park Policy, 443-466.
20Ise, Our National Park Policy, 534-72; Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 52-56.
21Barry Mackintosh, The National Parks: Shaping the System (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service Division of Publications, 1985), 62-63.
23Mackintosh, Shaping the System, 62-68, 76-77.
24Ron Cockrell, A Signature of Time and Eternity: The Administrative History of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (Omaha, Nebr.: National Park Service, 1988), 81-89; Jill York O'Bright, There I Grew Up: A History of the Administration of Abraham Lincoln's Boyhood Home (Omaha, Nebr.: National Park Service, 1987), 124-27.
25"Interior Secretary Udall Declares Clark Memorial Plan Under Study," The Vincennes Sun-Commercial, August 22, 1965, 2.
26Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 46.
27"Of National Concern," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 7, 1965.
29Notes by C. DeMarco, "Special Meeting, August 17, 1965, GERO, Legislation (89th Congress P.L. 517), George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 47-48.
30Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 48.
31Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 49.
32"Udall Urges Memorial be National," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, February 2, 1966; U.S. Department of the Interior News Release, February 4, 1966.
33"Hold Hearing on Clark Memorial," Evansville Sunday Courier and Press, April 24, 1966; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 50-51.
34Ross Garrigus, "LBJ Visit Recalls FDR Speech in '36," Valley Advance, July 28, 1966; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 51.
35"Of National Concern," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 6, 1965.
Depending on Another Park: The Early Years
1Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 53-54, 70-71, 100-107; Ise, Our National Park Policy, 534-66.
2Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 200-09.
3"U.S. To Take Over Memorial Next Summer," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, November 18, 1966.
4"U.S. To Take Over Memorial Next Summer," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, November 18, 1966; "Park Service Experts Survey Local Shrines," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, November 30, 1966.
5"Park Service Experts Survey Local Shrines," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, November 30, 1966; "National Park Team Says Clark Shrine Being Studied," Valley Advance, December 1, 1966; "U.S. Studies Historic Park, Preparing for Take-Over," Evansville Press, December 16, 1966.
6"A Master Plan: George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, Knox County, Indiana," National Park Service, January 1967.
10For examples, see Hal K. Rothman, Navajo National Monument: A Place and Its People (Santa Fe: National Park Service, 1991) Southwest Cultural Resources Papers # 38, 91-96; for a different view see, Durwood Dunn, Cades Cove: The Life and Death of a Southern Appalachian Community 1818-1937 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988).
11Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 190-209.
12"Master Plan," January 1967, 33.
13"U.S. Takes Control of Clark Memorial," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 2, 1967.
14O'Bright, There I Grew Up: A History of the Administration of Abraham Lincoln's Boyhood Home, 126-27; National Park Service Officials (Centennial Edition) (Washington, D. C.: National Park Service, 1972), 64.
15Rothman, Navajo National Monument, 65-67; National Park Service Officials, 114.
16Robert Lagemann, interview by Robert J. Holden, no date, circa January 1989, tape 1, 2, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
17Ibid., 17-22; Robert Lagemann, interview by Robert J. Holden, January 23, 1989, tape 2, 13, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
18Lagemann interview, tape 1, 7-10.
19Lagemann interview, tape 4, 17-21.
21Lagemann interview, tape 4, 21-22.
22Memorandum, Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park to Assistant to the Regional Director for Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, February 25, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial; Memorandum, Coordinating Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park to Regional Director, Northeast Region, February 28, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial.
23Memorandum, Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park to Regional Director, Northeast Region, February 28, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial.
25Memorandum, Acting Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park to Assistant to the Regional Director for Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, February 14, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial.
26Lagemann interview, tape 4, 14-15.
27Memorandum, Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park to Assistant to the Regional Director for Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, February 25, 1969, A3623.
29Memorandum, Superintendent, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Director, Northeast Region, November 20, 1970, F62, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Lagemann interview, tape 4, 15-16. Only many years later did Lagemann uncover the identity of the person, but because he was sworn to secrecy, he refused to disclose the name. He did remark that "persons acquainted with Vincennes public affairs during the period would be very much surprised if not shocked. I was when I learned."
30Lagemann interview, tape 4, 16-17.
31Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 192-209; "Master Plan," January 1967, 43.
32Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Assistant to the Regional Director for Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, March 12, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial; Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Assistant to the Regional Director for Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, March 26, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial; Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Assistant to the Regional Director for Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, May 14, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial; Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Assistant to the Regional Director for Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, July 2, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial.
33Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Assistant to the Regional Director for Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, April 23, 1969, A3623, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial; Lagemann interview, tape 1, 24-25.
34O'Bright, There I Grew Up, 127; Rothman, Navajo National Monument, 80-82.
35O'Bright, There I Grew Up, 127; Lagemann interview, tape 3, 4.
36O'Bright, There I Grew Up, 127; National Park Service Officials, 1972, 74, 86; Acting Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial to Assistant Director, Cooperative Programs, January 19, 1973, A2621, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial.
37Memorandum, Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial to Assistant Director, Cooperative Programs, MAR, February 8, 1974, A2621, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial.
38Memorandum, Park Manager, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to General Superintendent, Southern Indiana Group, February 8, 1974, Annual Narrative Report, A2621, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
The Modern Era
1Mackintosh, The National Parks: Shaping the System, 62-63.
3Lagemann interview, tape 5, 7-9; Lagemann interview, tape 1, 4.
4Lagemann interview, tape 5, 13-14; "Master Plan," 1967, 42.
5Lagemann interview, tape 5, 15.
6Lagemann interview, tape 5, 15-16.
7Ibid., 16; "Ford Assures Clark Grant of $535,000," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, September 12, 1974; Memorandum, Park Manager, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Regional Director, Midwest Region, through Superintendent, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, January 27, 1975.
8Lagemann interview, tape 5, 16.
9John Kawamoto, interview by Hal Rothman, December 20, 1993; Memorandum, Superintendent George Rogers Clark to Regional Director, Midwest Region, A2621, January 26, 1976, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
10David A. Clary, "Memoir of a Dogfight: The George Rogers Clark Visitor Center Affray, Twenty Years Later," May 31, 1994, to Hal Rothman, possession of Hal Rothman; Regional Historian David A. Clary, Historical Architect Vance Kaminiski, and Landscape Architect Dan Wilson to Associate Regional Director, Professional Services, MWRO, John Kawamoto, September 27, 1974, D3415 079 87 0003, Federal Records Center, Kansas City, Missouri.
11Regional Historian David A. Clary, Historical Architect Vance Kaminiski, and Landscape Architect Dan Wilson to Associate Regional Director, Professional Services, MWRO, John Kawamoto, September 27, 1974.
12Barry Mackintosh, The National Historic Preservation Act and the National Park Service. Washington, D. C.: National Park Service, History Division, 1986, 79-85.
13Clary, Kaminiski, and Wilson to Kawamoto, Memorandum, September 27, 1974.
14Ibid.; Regional Historian Ron Cockrell to Hal Rothman, September 14, 1994; Christina Petlichkoff Jones, "The Cultural Landscape Report for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," (unpublished MA thesis, Ball State University, 1994), 40-51.
16Clary, "Memoir of a Dogfight."
17Kawamoto interview; in "Memoir of a Dogfight," Clary remarks that he does not recall the "blue envelope" procedure as Kawamoto described it. He suggests that Kawamoto may have responded to the possibility that Clary threatened to go over Kawamoto's head with the memo David Clary, Personal Diary, October 18, 1974, notes he "spent all of this week drafting a preliminary report and letters to ACHP [Advisory Council on Historic Preservation] & SHPO [State Historic Preservation Office]." It is not clear from the record whether this was required of Clary or if this might be the behavior to which Kawamoto referred as a "blue envelope." Also in "Dogfight," Clary alludes to the preparation of a 106 report, which he asserts, Kawamoto changed into a "rather duplicitous" version that went to the regional director, and avers that he talked to "his colleagues in WASO [Washington Office] and even in ACHP, but that was routine because professionals share factual information with each other all the time."
15Regional Historian Ron Cockrell to Hal Rothman, September 9, 1994.
18David A. Clary, Personal Diary, September 30, 1974; October 18, 1974, copies in possession of Hal Rothman; Cockrell to Rothman, September 9, 1994.
19Clary, "Memoir of a Dogfight;" Kawamoto interview; Ron Cockrell, conversation with Hal Rothman, December 23, 1993; Barry Mackintosh, conversation with Hal Rothman, June 2, 1994.
20Memorandum, Acting Associate Director, Professional Services, WASO to E. U. Curtis Bohlen, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife and Parks, April 4, 1975, L58, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Memorandum, Superintendent, George Rogers Clark to Regional Director, Midwest Region, A2621, January 26, 1975, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Robert M. Utley, "Toward a New Preservation Ethic," NPS Newsletter 19 8 (October 15, 1974); Clary, "Memoir of a Dogfight;" "Preliminary case report, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park Visitor Center," October 1975, copy courtesy of David A. Clary.
21Utley, "Toward a New Preservation Ethic"; Hosmer, Preservation Comes of Age, 361-66; Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 132-36.
22Ernest A. Connally to Director Gary Everhardt, Immediate Attention, Subject: George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, February 28, 1975, H30 079 88 0001, Federal Records Center, Kansas City, Mo.; Memorandum, Director Gary Everhardt to Regional Director Merrill D. Beal, February 28, 1975, H30, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, Midwest Regional Office; Memorandum, Acting Associate Director, Professional Services, WASO to E. U. Curtis Bohlen, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife and Parks, April 4, 1975.
23Lagemann interview, tape 5, 19-20.
24Lagemann interview, tape 6, 1-3.
25Clary, "Memoir of a Dogfight."
26David A. Clary, telephone interview with Hal Rothman, June 17, 1994.
28Lagemann interview, tape 6, 3-4.
29Lagemann interview, tape 6, 5.
30Lagemann interview, tape 6, 5.
31Ibid., 5-6; "Center at Clark Memorial called Mistake," Indianapolis Star, March 5, 1975; Memorandum, Superintendent George Rogers Clark to Regional Director, Midwest Region, A2621, January 26, 1976.
32Superintendent, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Regional Director, March 22, 1975, L58, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
33Ibid., "Park Service: It's Our Mistake: Visitor Center Out for Bicentennial," Vincennes Shopper, March 12, 1975.
34Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 59-92; Hal K. Rothman, "The End of Federal Hegemony: The Wilderness Act and Federal Land Management on the Pajarito Plateau, 1955-1980," Environmental History Review 16 2 (Summer 1992): 39-61.
35"Park Service Would Improve Memorial With Center Funds," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, March 9, 1975; "3 Ways to Go on Visitors' Center," Sun-Commercial, April 13, 1975.
36David Stayer, "Extraordinary Circumstances' Reason Given for Review of Center Project," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 4, 1975.
37"Mayor Launches Drive for Visitors' Center," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 7, 1975.
38"Decision By May 8 for Visitors' Center," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 17, 1975; "Park Service Objects to Center's Site," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 20, 1975.
39"Hayes Looks at Visitors' Center Alternatives," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, March 31, 1975; Lagemann, tape 6, 7-8; Memorandum, Superintendent George Rogers Clark to Regional Director, Midwest Region, A2621, January 26, 1976.
40"Project Held on Elite List," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 21, 1974; "Orr Says Park Service Chose Best Site," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 27, 1975.
41"New Visitor Center Approved," Vincennes Shopper, April 30, 1975; "Visitor Center Victory is Won," Vincennes Valley Advance, April 29, 1975.
42"The System Does Work," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 30, 1975; "Proud ... But Embarrassed," Vincennes Valley Advance, April 29, 1975; "Credit Where it is Due," Vincennes Shopper, May 7, 1975.
43"Preliminary Plans OK for Visitors Center," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, May 14, 1975; "Visitor Stop Plans on Course as Construction Bids Opened," Vincennes Valley Advance, July 29, 1975; David Stayer, "Ground is Broken for Visitors' Center," Vincennes Sun Commercial, August 20, 1975.
44Lagemann interview, tape 6, 10-14; David Stayer, "Visitors' Center Work is Running Behind Schedule," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, November 21, 1975; Annual Report, Superintendent, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Regional Director, Midwest Region, January 26, 1976.
45Lagemann interview, tape 6, 14-16; Annual Report, Superintendent, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, to Regional Director, Midwest Region, January 26, 1976.
46Lagemann interview, tape 6, 17-19; David Stayer, "Dedication is Delayed for Visitors' Center," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, March 26, 1976.
47Willard Cockerham, interview with Daniel J. Holder, December 5, 1993, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 12.
48Lagemann interview, tape 6, 20-21; Annual Report, Superintendent, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park to Regional Director, Midwest Region, February 24, 1977.
49Annual Report for 1978, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1-2, park files.
51Superintendent's Annual Report for the Year 1979, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1.
52Superintendent's Annual Report, 1980, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1.
53Resources Management Plan, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1981; revised, 1982, revised 1993; Statement for Management, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1983, revised 1989, 1993; Historic Structure Report, Administrative Data Section and Architectural Data Section, 1983; Maintenance Management System, 1989.
54Ise, Our National Park Policy, 623; Barry Mackintosh, Visitor Fees in the National Park System: A Legislative and Administrative History (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, History Division, 1983), 55-82.
55Superintendent's Annual Report — 1981, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, A2621, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
56George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1988 Annual Report, A2621, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
"Never Really Stopped for Long" Maintenance at George Rogers Clark National Historical Park
1Robert E. Whissen, Renzo Riddo, Thomas Busch, "Roof Investigation Memorial Structure, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," Denver Service Center, September 1, 1978.
2Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission Executive Committee, May 26, 1933, National Archives, Record Group 148, Records of Minor Congressional Committees; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 77-78.
3Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission Executive Committee, March 26, 1934, NA, RG 148; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 122-23.
4Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 123.
5Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 124; Minutes of the Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission Executive Committee, April 21, 1934, NA, RG 148.
6Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission Executive Committee, June 15, 1934, NA, RG 148; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 124-25.
7Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission Executive Committee, June 15, 1934, NA, RG 148; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 125-26.
8Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 126-28.
11C. W. Nothnagel to D. Frank Culbertson, December 31, 1938, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park files, transferred from Indiana Department of Conservation.
12Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 131.
13Schucker and Bixby, "Report of Findings in the Inspection and Testing for Water Leakage also for Defective Electrical Wiring and Recommendations for Correction," George Rogers Clark National Historical Park files, transferred from Indiana Department of Conservation.
15Vincennes Sun-Commercial, October 9, 1941.
16Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 136-42.
19Henry C. Prange to K. R. Cougill, Director, Indiana State Parks, Land and Water, August 29, 1950; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 148-53.
20K. R. Cougill to Kenneth Kunkel, Director, Indiana Department of Conservation, March 13, 1952; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 152-55.
21Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 155-56.
22Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 156-58; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 21, 1954; Henry Prange to William H. Hardwick, October 17, 1957.
23Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 156-60; Walter Minderman to Robert Starrett, November 6, 1965.
24Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 52-55; Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 222-23; Ise, Our National Park Policy, 534-56.
25Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 187-211; Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 129-32; Mackintosh, The National Parks: Shaping the System, 27, 37, 58.
26Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 132-33; Ise, Our National Park Policy, 339-78.
27"Master Plan: George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, Knox County, Indiana," National Park Service, January 1967, 30-32.
28Ezra Winter to Robert F. Wirsching, February 1, 1947, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
29Ralph T. Roan, Acting Director, Harpers Ferry Center to Director, Northeast Region, May 9, 1972, D6215, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Cockerham interview, 17.
30"Restoration and Preservation of Interpretive Murals in George Rogers Clark Memorial, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park Vincennes, Indiana," (n.d. circa 1970), D6215 Planning Preparation and Maintenance and Preservation of Museum Exhibits, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Albert W. Banton, Jr., to Regional Director, Northeast Region, Henry G. Schmidt, January 18, 1971, D6215, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Russell J. Hendricksen to Henry G. Schmidt, March 3, 1971, D6215, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
31Walter J. Nitkiewicz to Robert Lagemann, January 18, 1971, D6215, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
32Walter J. Nitkiewicz to Robert Lagemann, January 18, 1971, D6215, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Albert W. Banton, Jr., to Regional Director, Northeast Region, Henry G. Schmidt, January 18, 1971, D6215, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Russell J. Hendricksen to Henry G. Schmidt, March 3, 1971, D6215, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Wayne P. Veach to Albert W. Banton, Jr., March 8, 1971, D6215, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
33Resources Management Plan, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, September 24, 1993; Busch, Historic Structure Report — Administrative Data Section and Architectural Data Section, 15. This document is an addition to Edwin C. Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 1970.
34Ross Gee, Vance Kaminiski, John Kawamoto, and Barry Mackintosh, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, "A Preliminary Investigation of Rehabilitation Needs and Development and Expansion Possibilities," April 1975.
36Robert V. Simmonds, Thomas P. Busch, Robert Whissen, Renzo Riddo, Michael Woods, Roy Kohen, "Special Study Structural Analysis for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, Indiana," Denver Service Center and Historic Preservation Division and Midwest/Rocky Mountain Team, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, September 1977.
37"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1977, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 2; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1978, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 4; Robert E. Whissen, Renzo Riddo, Thomas Busch, Roof Investigation, Memorial Structure, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, Denver Service Center, September 1, 1978; Busch, Historic Structures Report, Administrative Data Section. Architectural Data Section, 8-9.
38"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1980, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 4; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1981, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 4; Busch, Historic Structure Report — Administrative Data Section and Architectural Data Section, 9.
39"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1978, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 3; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1981, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 4; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1985, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 3.
40Busch, Historic Structure Report — Administrative Data Section and Architectural Data Section, 27-33; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1983, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 4.
41"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1981, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 4.
42"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1985, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 4; "Resources Management Plan, September 1993," 15.
43"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1985, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 5; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1987, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 3.
441987 Annual Report, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 3; 1989 Annual Report, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 8; Patrick Engineering Inc., "George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, Preservation and Repair of the Flood Wall (HS-05) Title I Phase I 100 Percent Document Report," December 1989.
45Krishna Engineering Consultants, Inc., "Contract Documents and Specifications for Asbestos Abatement, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, Vincennes, Indiana," 1990; Krishna Engineering Consultants, Inc., "HVAC and Plumbing Modifications, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, Vincennes, Indiana," 1990.
46"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1990, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 2; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1991, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 1-2.
47John Kawamoto to Regional Director, November 4, 1982, Midwest Regional Office, Division of Maintenance and Energy, files GERO.
48Superintendent Roy Beasley to Regional Director, September 29, 1982, Midwest Regional Office, Division of Maintenance and Energy, files GERO.
49Ibid.; attached, Architect, Maintenance through Associate Regional Director, Planning and Resource Preservation, John Kawamoto, to Regional Director, Midwest Regional Office, Division of Maintenance and Energy, files GERO.
50"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1992, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 2-3.
51"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1991, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 2; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1992, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 1.
Interpreting George Rogers Clark and His Legacy
1Lagemann interview, tape 1, 3; Robert J. Holden, interview with Daniel Holder, December 5, 1993, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 16.
2Charles B. Hosmer Jr., Presence of the Past: A History of the Preservation Movement in the United States Before Williamsburg (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1965), 193-236; C. Frank Brockman, "Park Naturalists and the Evolution of National Park Service Interpretation Through World War II," Journal of Forest History 22 1 (January 1978): 23-43; Rothman, Preserving Different Pasts, 116-38; Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 12-25.
3Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 90-97.
4Lagemann interview, tape 1, 2.
5Lagemann interview, tape 1, 19.
6Robert Lagemann, interview by Robert J. Holden. January 24, 1989, tape 3, 17; Lagemann, tape 1, 5.
7Lagemann interview, tape 1, 17.
8Lagemann interview, tape 3, 4.
9Lagemann interview, tape 3, 25-26.
11Lagemann interview, tape 1, 23; Lagemann suggests that Cockerham recommended Erny. Between 1968 and 1994, Cockerham served every year but one, while Erny served every year between 1970 and 1989.
12Interpretive Prospectus, ca. 1969, Midwest Regional Office Resources Management Library, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
14Annual Narrative Report, Robert Lagemann, Park Manager, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park to John C. W. Riddle, General Superintendent, Indiana Lands Group, February 8, 1974, A2621, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Annual Narrative Report, Robert Lagemann, Park Manager, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park to John C. W. Riddle, General Superintendent, Indiana Lands Group, January 27, 1975, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
15Annual Narrative Report, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, January 27, 1975, 10-14.
16Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 97-100.
17Annual Report for the Year 1976, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, February 24, 1977, 3-4.
18Ibid., 4; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1977, for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 1, A2621.
19"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1978, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 2, A2621.
201984 Annual Report for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, A2621 George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 5; 1987 Annual Report for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, A2621 George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1; for an example of a year in which the totals were reversed, see George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1989 Annual Report, A2621, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 10.
21"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1978, for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 1.
22Dennis Latta, interview with Daniel Holder, December 4, 1993, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 3-4.
23Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 54-58.
24Ibid., 58-60; York, There I Grew Up, 98-116.
25Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 62-67.
26Ibid., 99-102; Latta interview, 4.
27Latta interview, 4-5; Willard Cockerham, interview with Daniel Holder, December 5, 1993, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 2.
28Robert J. Holden, interview with Daniel Holder, December 4, 1993, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1.
30"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1990, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," A2621, 2; Holden interview, 7.
34"Superintendent's Annual Report, 1982, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," A2621, 2.
35Ibid., 4; Holden interview, 8; Robert J. Holden, ed., Selected Papers From The 1983 And 1984 George Rogers Clark Trans-Appalachian Frontier History Conferences (Vincennes, Ind.: Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1985); Robert J. Holden, ed., Selected Papers From The 1985 And 1986 George Rogers Clark Trans-Appalachian Frontier History Conferences (Vincennes, Ind.: Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1988); Robert J. Holden, ed., Selected Papers From The 1987 And 1988 George Rogers Clark Trans Appalachian Frontier History Conferences (Vincennes, Ind.: Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1989); Robert J. Holden, ed., Selected Papers From The 1989 And 1990 George Rogers Clark Trans-Appalachian Frontier History Conferences (Vincennes, Ind.: Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1991); Robert J. Holden, ed., Selected Papers From The 1991 And 1992 George Rogers Clark Trans-Appalachian Frontier History Conferences (Vincennes, Ind.: Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1994).
36Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 157-58; Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service, 34-37; "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1982, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," 5.
37George Rogers Clark National Historical Park 1988 Annual Report, A2621, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 3-4; 1991 Superintendent's Annual Report, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, A2621, 1.
The Park in a Local Context
1Foresta, America's National Parks and Their Keepers, 169-81; Ise, Our National Park Policy, 517-33.
2Rothman, Bandelier National Monument: An Administrative History, 115-40.
3"George Rogers Clark," Indiana History Bulletin 6 11 (August 1929), 1-2.
4D. Frank Culbertson to William H. Book, October 11, 1926, George Rogers Clark Memorial Commission, Files of the Executive Secretary William H. Book, 1926-1928 "Mr Culbertson-Commission," 023651 L805, Indiana State Archives, Indianapolis, Indiana.
5D. Frank Culbertson to Christopher Coleman, January 23, 1933, Christopher Coleman Correspondence files, Records of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, Records of Minor Congressional Committees, RG 148, NA.
6Hon. Simeon Fess to Senator Kenneth D. McKellar, June 6, 1935, Indiana Department of Conservation, George Rogers Clark Memorial Commission, Files of the Executive Secretary, Elizabeth Miller, Box 5, 023657 L807, Indiana State Archives; for the demise of the gas plant, see Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 108-109; for discussion of the plant, see Lagemann interview, tape 2, 18-19. Although Bearss does not state that the plant produced artificial gas, his description of the structures being razed mirrors those of artificial gas plants. Lagemann recalled a photograph of the plant in operation and referred to it as a "coke works," a common name for artificial gas plants. If this inference is correct, there may be toxic materials in the ground at the location of the gas plant and in the surrounding area. In the 1980s and 1990s, artificial gas plants have been incriminated in CERCLA, more commonly known as Superfund, cases; see Hal K. Rothman "Historian v. Historian: Interpreting History in the Courtroom," The Public Historian 15 2 (Spring 1993): 39-53.
7D. Frank Culbertson to Governor Francis E. Townsend, June 27, 1937, Indiana Department of Conservation, George Rogers Clark Memorial Commission, Files of the Executive Secretary Elizabeth Miller, 1930-1940, Files of Fiscal Records, L805 023651, Indiana State Archives.
8Lagemann interview, tape 3, 6-7.
9Lagemann interview, tape 3, 7.
10Lagemann interview, tape 3, 7-9; Sherman W. Swenson, Acting Chief, Office of Land and Water Rights, Washington Service Center to Regional Director, Northeast Region, Lemuel A. Garrison, July 19, 1968, L1425 079 88 0001, Federal Records Center, Kansas City, Missouri.
11Kenneth R. Krabbenhoft, Regional Chief, Federal, State, and Private Liaison to Executive Assistant to the Regional Director [name unavailable], November 8, 1976, L7019 079 88 0004, Federal Records Center, Kansas City, Mo.
12J. L. Dunning, Regional Director, Midwest Region to Isaac K. Beckes, President, Vincennes University, October 16, 1979, L58 Vincennes Memorial Mall, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Wittpenn, et al. "Report on George Rogers Clark Memorial"; Memorandum for the General Files, Thomas Balsanek, Park Planner, to Executive Assistant to the Regional Director, L7019 079 88 0004, Federal Records Center, Kansas City, Mo; Memorandum for the General Files, Thomas G. Balsanek, December 14, 1978, L7019, 079 88 0004, Federal Records Center, Kansas City, Mo.
13Robert Lagemann to Regional Director, Midwest Region, June 8, 1978, L7019 88 0004, Federal Records Center, Kansas City, Missouri.
14Midwest Region, "Special Study: Master Plan, Vincennes Memorial Mall, Vincennes, Indiana," (Omaha: Midwest Regional Office, National Park Service, 1980), 1-5, 53; Superintendent's Annual Report-1980, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 2.; Thomas G. Balsanek, External Planning Coordinator, to Robert Lagemann, July 27, 1979, L7019 079 88 0004, Federal Records Center, Kansas City, Mo.
15Ibid., 2; Thomas G. Balsanek, External Planning Coordinator, Midwest Region to Robert Lagemann, Superintendent, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, July 27, 1979, L58, Vincennes Memorial Mall, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
16Vincennes Memorial Mall Master Plan, 41-42.
17Runte, National Parks: The American Experience, 259-60.
18Superintendent James Holcomb, interview with Daniel J. Holder, December 3, 1993, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 13; Superintendent Terry M. DiMattio to Regional Director Don Castleberry, April 17, 1990, L58, Reading File, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Superintendent Terry M. DiMattio to Mayor William D. Rose, April 17, 1990, L58, Vincennes Memorial Mall, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
19Barnhart and Riker, Indiana to 1816, 325-26; Terry M DiMattio to Peter Harstad, May 8, 1989, L1425, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
20DiMattio to Harstad, May 8, 1989; George Rogers Clark National Historical Park 1990 Annual Report, 6; Robert Holden, telephone conversation with Hal K. Rothman, September 27, 1994.
21Steven Kesselman, Norman Hellmers, Terry M. DiMattio, "Fort Knox II New Area Study," (Omaha: National Park Service, 1990); DiMattio to Harstad, May 8, 1989; George Rogers Clark National Historical Park 1990 Annual Report, 6; Terry M. DiMattio to Don Castleberry, March 19, 1990, L1425, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
22DiMattio to Castleberry, March 19, 1990.
23Holcomb interview, December 3, 1993; Terry M. DiMattio to Don Castleberry, Regional Director, Midwest Region, Attn: John Kawamoto, Associate Regional Director, Planning and Resource Preservation, April 16, 1990, L1425, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
24Belle Kasting, Executive Director, Vincennes Area Chamber of Commerce to U.S Senator Dan Coats, September 5, 1990, copy in L58, Vincennes Memorial Mall, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
25James Holcomb to Deputy Regional Director [name unavailable], September 10, 1990, L58, Vincennes Memorial Mall, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
26Superintendent James Holcomb to Don Castleberry, Regional Director, Midwest Region, February 12, 1991, L58 Reading File, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; "Adding to Success," Vincennes Sun-Commercial, February 17, 1991, A-6.
27Superintendent James Holcomb to Belle Kasting, March 2, 1992, L58, Vincennes Memorial Mall, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Senator Dan Coats to Superintendent James Holcomb, June 2, 1992, L58, Vincennes Memorial Mall, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; James Holcomb, "Disputed Editorial," Vincennes Sun Commercial, June 11, 1992, A-6; Holcomb interview, 14.
30Rabb Emison to Albert W. Banton, Jr., March 13, 1969, Levee Information File, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
31Ewing Emison, "Report of the Brevoort Levee," April 1, 1957, Levee Information File, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Bearss, Historic Structures Report, 114-15; Christina Petlichkoff Jones, "Partial Cultural Landscape Report for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park," Draft Review Copy, September 1993, Midwest Regional Office, 77-78.
33Patrick Engineering Inc., "Preservation and Repair of the Floodwall," 1-2.
34Terry M. DiMattio to John Kawamoto, Associate Regional Director, Planning and Resource Preservation, October 10, 1989, H2623, Reading File-1989, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
35"Wabash River Flooding at George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, January 1991," Midwest Regional Office, Park Planning and Environmental Quality Division Files, GERO.
39Superintendent's Annual Report-1981, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 3; 1984 Annual Report for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 6-10.
401990 Superintendent's Annual Report, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 4.
41Superintendent's Annual Report, 1981, 1; Superintendent's Annual Report-1982, 1; 1984 Annual Report for George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 8.
42Isaac K. Beckes to Joseph Blatt, Division of State Parks, Indiana Department of Conservation, October 22, 1969, L58, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Superintendent Terry M. DiMattio to Superintendent, Nez Perce National Historical Park [name unavailable], February 28, 1989, A4451, Reading File, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
43Memorandum of Understanding between the National Park Service and St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church, August 23, 1988, Reading File, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1988 Annual Report, 4.
44George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1988 Annual Report, 4; George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 1989 Annual Report, 1-2; DiMattio to Superintendent, Nez Perce National Historical Park, February 28, 1989.
45Superintendent Terry M DiMattio to Lee S. Theisen, March 24, 1989; Terry M. DiMattio to Regional Director, MWRO, Don Castleberry, April 11, 1989; A4415, Reading File-1989, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
46Terry M. DiMattio to Lee S. Theisen, April 12, 1989; Terry M. DiMattio to Richard Gantz, Acting Director, Division of Museums and Historic Sites, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, September 13, 1989; Memorandum, Terry M. DiMattio to Regional Director Don Castleberry, October 10, 1989, A44 15, Reading File-1989, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
47Ibid.; DiMattio to Castleberry, April 11, 1989.
48Terry M DiMattio to Father Robert Bultman, St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church, October 16, 1989, A44 15 Reading File-1989, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Terry M. DiMattio to Richard Gantz, January 4, 1990, A4415, Reading File-1990, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park; Terry M. DiMattio to Loretha Hamke, Curator, Grouseland, May 18, 1990; Memorandum, Superintendent Terry M. DiMattio to Regional Director Don Castleberry, May 22, 1990, A44, Reading File-1990, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park.
49"Statement for Management, George Rogers Clark NHP," June 25, 1993, 20; 1990 Superintendent's Annual Report, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, 4.
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