FORT VANCOUVER The Administrative History of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site

1. Draft Statement for Management, January, 1990, p. 2, D18, Statement for Management, FOVA; Core Mission Statement, December 7, 1981, James Thomson, A2623 Briefing Statement, FOVA.

2. Charles F. Bohannon, Cultural Resources Report, The Development of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Dec. 5, 1977, p. 3, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2215, FRC Seattle. Bohannon briefly introduced the concept of compromise between preservation and public use as a management tool. I have expanded this concept as it applies to Fort Vancouver.

3. Charles F. Bohannon, Cultural Resources Report The Development of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, December 5, 1977, p. 3, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2215, FRC Seattle.

1. Charles F. Bohannon, "The Development of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, December 5, 1977, Acc. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2215, FRC Seattle.

2. Nancy Hori, ed., Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. 64th Congress through 96th Congress, Vol. I, compiled by Marilee Cogswell and Nancy Hori, (Seattle, Washington: National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, November, 1986), p. 10.

3. William R. Sampson, "Vancouver's Heritage Preserved," 1962 Clark County History, (Clark County, Washington: Fort Vancouver Historical Society, 1962), p. 5; see United States, War Department, War Order Bulletin #27, July 17, 1915.

4. United States, Army, Spruce Production Division, History of Spruce Production Division, (United States Army and United States Spruce Production Corporation, 1920?); also Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War I: Zone of the Interior: Territorial Departments Tactical Divisions Organized in 1918. Posts. Camps. and Stations, vol. 3, Part 2, (Washington, DC: Center of Military History, U.S. Army, 1988), pp. 968-970.

5. Carl Landerholm, Vancouver Area Chronology. 1784-1958, (Vancouver, Washington, 1960), p. 232; The Columbian, July 13, 1921. Though we assume that the 1910 stone monument was placed from information in Bonneville's notes, this new discovery was probably a map that marked out the exact location of the stockade.

6. Hori, Legislative History For Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 15-17.

7. Letter, W.P. Bonney to T.C. Elliott, June 7, 1924, Washington State Historical Society Correspondence, 1924-1950 Historic Sites - Clark Co. - Fort Vancouver, WSHS.

8. Letter, T.C. Elliott to W.P. Bonney, May 20, 1924, Washington State Historical Society Correspondence, 1924-1950 Historic Sites - Clark Co. - Fort Vancouver, WSHS.

9. Landerholm, p. 246, The Columbian, November 22, 1924.

10. Landerholm, p. 246, The Columbian December 10, 1924.

11. Sampson, "Vancouver's Heritage Preserved," p. 5. About the same time Congress passed a bill calling for a commemorative 50 cent coin for the 100th year anniversary of the founding of Fort Vancouver.

12. The Columbian, March 19, 1925; Landerholm, p. 247, The Columbian March 20, 1925.

13. The Columbian, December 20, 1930.

14. Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1960?), p. 2, Sampson, "Vancouver's Heritage Preserved," p. 5.

15. Letter, Fay Peabody to Governor Clarence D. Martin, February 28, 1935, Washington State Historical Society Correspondence, 1924-1950 Historic Sites - Clark Co. - Fort Vancouver, WSHS.

16. Letter, Fay G. Peabody to W.P. Bonney, March 5, 1935, Washington State Historical Society Correspondence, 1924-1950 Historic Sites - Clark Co. - Fort Vancouver, WSHS.

17. Attachment to letter, Fay G. Peabody to W.P. Bonney, March 5,1935, Washington State Historical Society Correspondence, 1924-1950 Historic Sites - Clark Co. - Fort Vancouver, WSHS. In December 1952 the City of Vancouver applied for the property around the Apple Tree but the Army had not yet declared that area surplus. A January 1953 memo from James N. Gibson, Chief, State Cooperation, to the Regional Director indicates that this land, adjacent to the airport, might also "allow the development of runways entirely on city land, thereby releasing the Fort Vancouver National Monument from the present infringement caused by use of some federal land for landing purposes." [Memorandum, James N. Gibson, Chief, State Cooperation, to Regional Director, January 9, 1953, Acc. No. 84-0004-3, Box 2, L2225, FRC Seattle.]

18. Letter, Martin Smith to Harold Ickes, February 5, 1936, in Appendix A, of Olaf T. Hagen, Report on the Preliminary Investigation of the Proposed Old Fort Vancouver Restoration. Vancouver. Washington, National Park Service, Western Division Branch of Historic Sites and Buildings, May 30, 1936, Box 289, File 101, History, NA San Bruno.

19. Letter, Howard J. Burnham to Olaf T. Hagen, May 2, 1936, Box 289, File 101, History, NA San Bruno.

20. Hagen, Preliminary Investigation, p. 3.

21. Hagen, Preliminary Investigation, p. 8-9.

22. Hori, Legislative History For Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 40.

23. Landerholm, p. 300, The Columbian February 11, 1938 and April 5, 1938.

24. C.C. Hutchins to Mayor J.P. Kiggins, May 3, 1938, Fort Vancouver Restoration and Historical Society, Correspondence, in Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1960?), p. 4.

25. Landerholm, p. 302, The Columbian, June 13, 1938.

26. Interview with Donald Stewart, August 29, 1991, Vancouver, Washington.

27. Letter, Burt Brown Barker to Dr. John A. Hussey, Regional Historian, Western Regional Office, October 26, 1966, Acc. No. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC San Bruno.

28. Letter, Alfred A. Loeb to Senator Guy Cordon, December 11, 1946, in Howard J. Burnham, The personal papers of Howard J. Burnham relative to the establishment of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, July 1969).

29. Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, p. 5.

30. The Columbian, December 6, 9, and 15, 1946, and January 15, 1947; Landerholm, p. 338, The Columbian, December 20, 1946.

31. Resolution made January 17, 1947 by board of trustees, Fort Vancouver Restoration and Historical Society, in The Personal Papers of Howard J. Burnham; The Columbian, January 23, 1947.

32. The Columbian February 25, 1947 and March 3, 1947.

33. Letter, Julius Krug, Secretary of Interior, to Howard J. Burnham, March 8, 1947, in The Personal Papers of Howard J. Burnham.

34. The Sun, February 25, 1947.

35. Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, pp. 6-7.

36. Letter, Fred Norman to Newton B. Drury, March 13, 1947, in The Personal Papers of Howard J. Burnham.

37. Landerholm, p. 339, The Columbian, March 13, 1947 and April 23, 1947.

38. Memorandum, B.F. Manby to Regional Director, May 1, 1947, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

39. Memorandum, O.A. Tomlinson to Park Service Director, April 21, 1947, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

40. Memorandum, B.F. Manby to Park Service Director, May 1, 1947, see also Olcott to Regional Director, April 16, 1947, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA, The Columbian July 24, 1947.

41. Letter, Chapin Foster to W.K. Peery, Vancouver, WA, May 21, 1947, Washington State Historical Society Correspondence, Folder - Vancouver Barracks (Special Events) Fort Vancouver, Vancouver Washington, 1947-8-9, WSHS.

42. Charles F. Bohannon, "The Development of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," December 5, 1977, Acc. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2215, FRC Seattle.

43. Memorandum, Sanford Hill, Regional Landscape Architect, to Regional Director, September 4, 1947 and H.L. Crowley, Acting Regional Director, to the Park Service Director, September 4, 1947, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

44. Letter, Burt Brown Barker to Senator Guy Cordon, October 31, 1947, in Burt Brown Barker, The personal papers of Dr. Burt Brown Barker relative to the establishment of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, July 29, 1969).

45. Memorandum, Raymond Hoyt to Regional Director, November 26, 1947, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA; memorandum, O.A. Tomlinson to Newton B. Drury, Park Service Director, December 1, 1947, in Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, p. 10.

46. Memorandum, Raymond Hoyt to Regional Director, November 28, 1947, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

47. Memorandum, Newton Drury to O.A. Tomlinson, Regional Director, December 11, 1947, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

48. Memorandum, Neil Butterfield to Herbert Maier, March 29, 1948, Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, p. 12.

49. Letter, Vancouver Mayor Anderson to the Civil Aeronautics Administration, Seattle, April 1, 1948, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

50. Letter, Russell Mack to Dr. Burt Brown Barker, May 8, 1948, in The Personal Papers of Howard J. Burnham.

51. Letter, Russell Mack to Dr. Burt Brown Barker, May 8, 1948, in The Personal Papers of Howard J. Burnham.

52. House of Representatives, Report No. 1863, Providing for the Establishment of the Fort Vancouver National Monument. in the State of Washington. to include the site of the old Hudson's Bay Co. Stockade, 80th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 2, in Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol I, p. 71.

53. Interview with Donald Stewart, August 29, 1991.

54. The Clark County Review, June 17, 1948.

55. House of Representatives, Report No. 1863, House of Representatives, Providing for the Establishment of the Fort Vancouver National Monument. in the State of Washington. to include the site of the old Hudson's Bay Co. Stockade, 80th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 2, in Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, p. 71.

56. Letter, Burt Brown Barker to John A. Hussey, October 26, 1966, Acc. No. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

57. Letter, Howard Burnham to Chapin D. Foster, May 26, 1948, in The Personal Papers of Howard J. Burnham.

58. The Columbian, June 1, 1948.

59. The Oregon Journal, May 28, 1948.

60. Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 53, see also Senate Report No. 1605, 80th Congress, 2d Session, Legislative History, Vol. I, p. 70.

61. Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 8.

62. Telegram dated August 19, 1948, in The Personal Papers of Dr. Burt Brown Barker.

63. Letter, Alfred A. Loeb to Burt Brown Barker, October 28, 1948, in The Personal Papers of Dr. Burt Brown Barker.

64. The Columbian, October 28, 1948.

65. Transcript from telephone conversation between Raymond Hoyt and Herbert Maier of Region Four and Mr. H.W.K. Hartmayer, War Assets Administration, Seattle, Washington, December 28, 1948, Box 290, file 620, NA San Bruno.

66. The Columbian, January 17, 1949.

67. Telegram, Herbert Maier to O.A. Tomlinson, January 11, 1949 Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

68. Memorandum, Raymond E. Hoyt to files, January 20, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

69. Letter, Thomas L. Peyton, Director of General Real Estate Disposal Division, War Assets Administration, to the National Park Service Director, April 22, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

70. Letter, Kenneth C. Royall, Secretary of the Army, to The Secretary of the Interior, March 2, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

71. Letter, Secretary of the Interior to Kenneth C. Royall, Secretary of the Army, April 1, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

72. Letter, Alfred A. Loeb to Representative Russell V. Mack, May 5, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

73. Letter, Paul L. Mather, Rear Admiral, U.S.N., associate administrator, War Assets Administration, to Honorable Julius A. Krug, Secretary of the Interior, May 19, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

74. Letter, Gordon Gray to the Secretary of the Interior, June 16, 1949, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

75. Letter, the Secretary of the Interior to Gordon Gray, Secretary of the Army, July 27, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

76. Letter, Gordon Gray to the Secretary of the Interior, September 10, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

77. The Columbian, March 20, 1950.

78. Letter, Alfred Loeb to Russell Mack, April 25, 1950, Box 291, file 901, NA San Bruno; letter, Burt Brown Barker to Mr. O.A. Tomlinson, December 7, 1948, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

79. Letter, Donald Stewart to Senator Wayne Morse, May 23, 1950, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

80. Memorandum, A. B. Demaray, Associate Director, to Regional Director, Region Four, July 31, 1950, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

81. Letter, Newton B. Drury, Park Service Director, to Wayne Morse, July 31, 1950, in The Personal Papers of Dr. Burt Brown Barker.

82. Memorandum, B.F. Manby, Regional Chief of Lands, to Regional Director, October 17, 1951, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

83. Memorandum, Sanford Hill, Assistant Regional Director, Region Four, to Superintendent, Fort Vancouver National Monument, October 24, 1951, Box 289, file 201-17, Agreements, NA San Bruno.

84. Memorandum, Philip C. Puderer, Acting Chief, Real Property Disposal, to the National Park Service Director, July 18, 1952, Box 290, file 610, NA San Bruno.

85. Memorandum, Philip C. Puderer, Chief, Real Property Disposal Branch, to Assistant Director Lee, December 24, 1952, Box 290, file 610, NA San Bruno.

86. Letter, Robert T. Stevens, Secretary of the Army, to the Secretary of the Interior, December 16, 1953, Acc. No. 67A846, Box 1, L1416 - 5-1953 to 12-31-54 - FOVA, FRC San Bruno; Letter, E.F. Mansure, Administrator, General Services Administration, to Douglas McKay, Secretary of the Interior, February 25, 1954 in Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 443.

87. Memorandum, Acting Regional Director to National Park Service Director, March 31, 1954, Acc. No. 67A846, Box 1, L1417 - 5-1953 to 12-31-54 - FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

88. Federal Register Doc. 54-5227, p. 4204, in Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 77.

89. The Columbian, August 15, 1955.

1. See Chapter Two, The Creation of Fort Vancouver National Monument, for more details on the early legislation.

2. The Columbian, February 25, 1947.

3. Nancy Hori, ed., Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. 64th Congress through 96th Congress, Vol. I, (Seattle, Washington: National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, November 1986), p. 8.

4. Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 50.

5. >Letter, C. Girard Davidson, Acting Secretary of the Interior, to Hon. James E. Webb, Director, Bureau of the Budget, June 16, 1948, Box 289, File 120, Legislation, NA San Bruno.

6. Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 53; Senate Report No. 1605, 80th Congress, 2d Session, in Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 70; and see Chapter Two for further details on the land transfers before 1954.

7. Federal Register Doc. 54-5227, p. 4204, in Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 77.

8. United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Washington: Master Plan, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978); letter, Secretary of the Interior to Senator Guy Cordon, October 4, 1954, Acc. No. 67A846, Box 1, L1417, 5-1953 to 12-31-54, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

9. Nancy Hori, ed., Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. 64th Congress through 96th Congress, Vol. III, (Seattle, Washington: National Park Service Pacific Northwest Regional Office, November 1986), p. 454.

10. Superintendent's Monthly Report for July 1958, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I 1953 to 1959, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, November 21, 1967), p. 112; and Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 84.

11. The Columbian, December 18, 1958.

12. The Columbian, February 1, 1961.

13. Letter, George W. Abbott, Assistant Secretary of the Interior, to Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the House, January 12, 1961, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 6, legislation HR 3283, UW Manuscripts.

14. The Columbian, February 1, 1961.

15. "Statement Presented to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives in support of H.R. 3283 by Congresswoman Julia Butler Hansen, 3rd District, Washington - April 4, 1961," Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 6, Legislation HR 3283, UW Manuscripts.

16. Letter, Julia Butler Hansen to Ray Bachman, Editor of The Columbian, January 27, 1965, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 22, Interior and FOVA, UW Manuscripts.

17. Interview with David Hansen, July 15, 1992.

18. See Barry Mackintosh, U.S. Department of the Interior, The National Parks: Shaping the System, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1991) for further discussion of the Park System and policy.

19. Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. I, p. 100.

20. Superintendents Monthly Report for July 1965, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Volume 4 1965 to 1967, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, October 12, 1967), p. 37.

21. See Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Washington, statement dated April 5, 1965, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 22, Interior and FOVA, UW Manuscripts.

22. George Hartzog, Battling for the National Parks, (Mt. Kisco, NY: Moyer Bell Limited, 1988), p. 140.

23. George Hartzog, Battling for the National Parks, (Mt. Kisco, NY: Moyer Bell Limited, 1988), p. 145.

24. Telephone interview with Eliot Davis, September 3, 1991.

25. Memorandum, Chief, Archeological Research to Park Service Director, August 29, 1969, Record Group 79, H2215, Archeology and Historical Research, FOVA, FRC Seattle.

26. Letter, Julia Butler Hansen to Leonard Bacon, Writer for The Oregonian, January 14, 1971, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 106, Park Correspondence, FOVA 1972, UW Manuscripts.

27. Memorandum, "Sid" [Yates?] to "Lundy," November 15, [1971?], Acc. No. 84-0004-3, Box 2, L2225, FRC Seattle.

28. Letter, Donald Gillespie to Julia Butler Hansen, January 23, 1974, RG 79, H2215, Archeological and Historical Research, FOVA, FRC Seattle.

29. The Columbian, February 8, 1974.

30. Letter, Mike McCormack to Sidney R. Yates, April 27, 1976, Acc. 84-0007-6, Box 3, file H30, Archeological and Historical Research FOVA, 1-1-75 to 12-31-77, FRC Seattle.

31. Memorandum, C. Richard Neely, Senior Attorney, Pacific Northwest Region, to Office of Legislative Counsel, Department of the Interior, March 23, 1984, Pacific Northwest Regional Office Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence prior to 1987, PNRO.

32. Memorandum, C. Richard Neely, Senior Attorney, Pacific Northwest Region, to Office of Legislative Counsel, Department of the Interior, March 23, 1984, Pacific Northwest Region Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence prior to 1987, PNRO.

33. The Columbian, February 27, 1989 and The Oregonian, February 25, 1989; letter, Representative Jolene Unsoeld to William Penn Mott, Jr., Park Service Director, February 24, 1989, L38 Pearson Airpark misc., FOVA.

34. Letter, Jolene Unsoeld to Sidney R. Yates, Chairman, Interior Appropriations Subcommittee, Pacific Northwest Region Planning Division files, FOVA/Unsoeld original Initiative, PNRO.

35. Proposed Bill H.R. 5144, in the House of Representatives June 21, 1990, Planning Division files, Proposed Vancouver NHR, legislation, PNRO.

36. "Statement of Denis Galvin," July 31, 1990, Pacific Northwest Region Planning Division files, Proposed Vancouver NHR legislation, p. 2, PNRO.

37. Memorandum, Stephanie Toothman, Chief, Cultural Resources Division, Pacific Northwest Region, to Regional Director, Pacific Northwest Region, October 29, 1990, Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence 1990, PNRO.

38. H.R. 5144 (Report No. 101-740), 101st Congress, 2nd Sess., "A Bill to Establish the Vancouver National Historical Reserve in the State of Washington," in Pacific Northwest Region Planning Division files, Proposed Vancouver NHR legislation, PNRO.

1. Memorandum, John A. Hussey, Regional Historian, to Regional Chief of Interpretation, November 1, 1954, Acc. no. 67A846, Box 1, L1417 - 5-1953 to 12-31-54 - FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

2. Hori, Nancy, ed., Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. 64th Congress through 96th Congress, Vol. III, compiled by Marilee Cogswell and Nancy Hori, National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, November, 1986, p. 454.

3. Superintendent report, May 1960, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Volume 2, 1960 to 1962, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 10.

4. The Columbian, June 8, 1960.

5. "Vicinity Data," Vol. III, Section B, Master Plan for Preservation and Use of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, December 1963, pp. 3-4, in United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Master Plans. Administrative History, (Vancouver, Washington, 1970).

6. Superintendent report, June 1963, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 3. 1963 to 1964, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 27.

7. Superintendent report, January 1963, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Vol. 3, p. 6; see Document of Transfer to Department of the Interior of 14.5 Acres Fee- owned Land with Improvements at Vancouver Barracks, dated May 14, 1963, in Hori, ed., Legislative History, Vol. III, p. 460.

8. Memorandum, John A. Rutter, Regional Director, to Director, attn: Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, August 9, 1968, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

9. Letter, Victoria L. Ransom, Secretary, Fort Vancouver Historical Society, to Julia Butler Hansen, June 16, 1969, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 108, Park-FOVA 1969, UW Manuscripts.

10. Washington State Highway Commission, S.R. 14 Interchange on Interstate Highway No. 5 and Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, (1970?), p. 3, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, [3027 Interstate Highway No. 5 - FOVA, FRC Seattle.

11. Governor's Deed, dated August 16, 1974, in Hori, ed., Legislative History, Vol. III, p 596, and Quitclaim Deed from the National Park Service to the State of Washington, September 18, 1974, in Hori, ed., Legislative History, Vol. III, p. 598.

12. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Ed Hummel, Director, February 5, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 4, L-30 Land Use FOVA, 1-1-69 to 12-31-71, FRC Seattle.

13. Hori, ed., Legislative History, Vol. III, p. 584.

14. City Ordinance No. M-1399, in Hori, ed., Legislative History, Vol. III, p. 587.

15. 0MB Circular A-95 letter, May 23, 1973, Acc. no. 83-0002-6, Box 2, A6435, FRC Seattle.

16. "Request for Transfer of Excess Real Property and Related Personal Property," April 11, 1974, in Hori, ed., Legislative History, Vol. III, p. 593.

17. Letter, Edward J. Kurtz, Acting Regional Director, to Vernon Barnes, Director of Real Property Division, GSA, February 13, 1975, in Hori, ed., Legislative History, Vol. III, p. 603.

18. See Chapter Seven for a more detailed account of the development of the waterfront property at Fort Vancouver National Historic Site.

19. "Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Land Acquisition Plan," D18 Master Plan and Land Acquisition Plan, FQVA.

20. Letter, O.A. Tomlinson to Burt Brown Barker, November 30, 1948, in Burt Brown Barker, The personal papers of Dr. Burt Brown Barker relative to the establishment of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, July 1969).

21. Letter, O.A. Tomlinson to Mr. John T. Urquhart, November 26, 1948, Box 290, file 620, NA San Bruno.

22. Letter, Mayor Verne Anderson to O.A. Tomlinson, October 11, 1948, Box 290, File 600, NA San Bruno.

23. Memorandum, Harold G. Fowler, Park Planner, Region Four, to the Regional Landscape Architect, November 1, 1948, Box 290, file 600, NA San Bruno.

24. John Hussey and Walter G. Rivers, Proposed Fort Vancouver National Monument (Preliminary Tentative Outline), December 9, 1948, Box 289, File 0-32, FOVA, NA San Bruno.

25. Letter, Russell Mack to Donald J. Stewart, February 2, 1949, Chapin Foster Correspondence, 1940s-1950s, Folder, Fort Vancouver Restoration and Historical Society, WSHS.

26. The Columbian, September 12, 1949.

27. Letter, Hillory A. Tolson, Acting Park Service Director, to Warren G. Magnuson, July 13, 1949, in The Personal Papers of Dr. Burt Brown Barker; and The Columbian, January 31, 1950.

28. Letter, Burt Brown Barker to Rep. Homer D. Angell, September 29, 1949, in The Personal Papers of Dr. Burt Brown Barker; and letter, Burt Brown Barker to Senator Warren G. Magnuson, September 6, 1949, Box 291, File 740-02, NA San Bruno.

29. The Columbian, February 2, 1950.

30. Memorandum, Louis Caywood, Archeologist, to Regional Director, March 23, 1950, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

31. Memorandum, Aubrey Neasham, Regional Historian, to Regional Director, December 10, 1951, Box 290, File 204 - Inspections, NA San Bruno.

32. "Master Plan Development Outline, Fort Vancouver National Monument, Washington," p. 1 and 2, FOVA.

33. Memorandum, Superintendent to Regional Director, July 9, 1951, Box 290, File 600, NA San Bruno.

34. Memorandum, Volney J. Westley, Acting Regional Landscape Architect, to Superintendent, October 8, 1951, Box 290, file 600, NA San Bruno.

35. Memorandum, Sandford Hill, Assistant Regional Director, to Superintendent, April 21, 1952 and Memorandum, Chief, Project Programming to Superintendent, June 24, 1952, Box 290, file 600, NA San Bruno.

36. Memorandum, Frank Hjort, superintendent, to Regional Director, October 11, 1951, Box 290, file 600, NA San Bruno.

37. Letter, Burt Brown Barker to O.A. Tomlinson, December 7, 1948, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

38. Letter, Senator Wayne Morse to Conrad Wirth, September 16, 1953, Acc. no. 67A846, Box 1, L1417, 5-1953 to 12-31-54, FRC San Bruno; and Memorandum, Ronald F. Lee, Assistant Park Service Director, to Director, Region Four, November 2, 1953, Acc. no. 67A846, Box 1, L1417, 5-1953 to 12-31-54, FRC San Bruno.

39. Confidential memorandum, Lawrence Merriam, Regional Director, to Frank Hjort, Superintendent, February 12, 1954, Acc. no. 67A846, Box 1, L1417, 5-1953 to 12-31-54, FRC San Bruno.

40. Report, by Regional Historian John Hussey, May 20, 1954, p. 13, Acc. no. 67A846, Box 1, L1417, 5-1953 to 12-31-54, FRC San Bruno.

41. Memorandum, National Park Service Director to Director, Region Four, July 26, 1954, Acc. no. 67A846, Box 1, L1417, 5-1953 to 12-31-54, FRC San Bruno.

42. Memorandum, Conrad Wirth, Park Service Director, to Assistant Secretary of the Interior Lewis, January 4, 1955; and Memorandum, Park Service Director to Secretary of the Interior, October 4, 1954, Acc. no. 7969A1292, Box 12, L1417, FOVA, 1-1-65 to 12- 31-65, FRC San Bruno. See Chapter Two for a discussion of the possible sequence of events that led to the reduction of acreage at the proposed Monument.

43. Letter, Secretary of the Interior to Senator Guy Cordon, January 26, 1955, Acc. no. 67A846, Box 1, L1417, 5-1953 to 12-31-54, FRC San Bruno; Superintendent's Report, August 1958, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume l, 1953-1959, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967).

44. The Columbian, "ca. 1959", file Newspaper clippings on Fort Vancouver National Monument, FOVA.

45. "Objectives and Policies," Vol. I, Chapter 1, October 1959, Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Fort Vancouver National Monument. MISSION 66 Edition, March 1960, FOVA.

46. Memorandum, John Hussey, Regional Historian, to Regional Director, January 19, 1965, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

47. Memorandum, Frank Hjort to Director, Region Four, February 27, 1962, Acc. no. 66A1069, Box 10, D22, Vol 3 1-1-61 to 12-31-63, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

48. Memorandum, Lawrence Merriam, Regional Director, to Frank Hjort, Superintendent, March 14, 1962, Acc. no. 66A1069, Box 10, D22, Vol 3, 1-1-61 to 12-31- 63, FRC San Bruno.

49. Memorandum, Regional Director to Superintendent, Fort Vancouver, July 13, 1962, Acc. no. 66A1066, Box 8, D18, 1-1-61 to 12-31-63, FRC San Bruno.

50. Memorandum, Harold 0. Edwards, Superintendent, to Regional Director, September 11, 1963, Acc. no. 66A1068, Box 8, D18; 1-1-61 to 12-31-61, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

51. Letter, George Hartzog to Julia Butler Hansen, February 19, 1965, Acc. no. 74- A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

52. The Columbian, January 20, 1965.

53. Memorandum, John B. Wosky, Acting Regional Director, Western Region, to Park Service Director, September 24, 1965, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

54. Memorandum, Edward A. Hummel, Regional Director, to Park Service Director, June 9, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L1417, FRC Seattle.

55. Memorandum, Edward A. Hummel, Regional Director, to Park Service Director, June 24, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L1417, FRC Seattle.

56. "Boundary Status Report," dated July 28, 1966, in Hori, ed., Legislative History, Vol III, p. 506.

57. Memorandum, Russell E. Dickenson, Chief, Division of New Area Studies and Master Planning, to Director, Western Region, April 17, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L1417, FRC Seattle.

58. Memorandum, Eliot Davis, Superintendent, to Regional Director, July 19, 1968, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

59. Memorandum, Eliot Davis, Superintendent, to Regional Director, March 25, 1968, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L1417, FRC Seattle.

60. Chapter 2, "Draft Master Plan of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," 1964, p. 4, in United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Master Plans. Administrative History, (Vancouver, Washington, 1970).

61. Memorandum, Charles L. Peterson, Acting Superintendent, to Regional Director, January 27, 1965, Acc. no. 7969A1292, Box 12, L1417, 1-1-65 to 12-31-65, FRC San Bruno; Hal Edwards, "Pearson Airport Relocation," October 6, 1964, 138 Pearson Airpark, 1964-66, FOVA; and Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Ed Hummel, October 3, 1967, 138, Pearson Airpark, 1967-1970, FOVA.

62. United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, Master Plan. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Washington, (Vancouver, Washington, 1969), p. 23.

63. Master Plan. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1969, p. 30.

64. Master Plan. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1969, p. 34.

65. Master Plan. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1969, p. 33.

66. "Planning Directive Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," March 4, 1974, D18 Master Plan (March 1972-December 1975), FOVA.

67. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie, Superintendent, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, November 17, 1975, D18 Master Plan (March 1972 - December 1975), FOVA.

68. United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Washington: Master Plan, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978), p. 38.

69. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Washington: Master Plan, 1978, p. 43.

70. "Briefing Paper, Pearson Airpark, Vancouver, 1987," L38, Pearson Airpark, 1987, FOVA.

71. Memorandum, Richard Winters, Associate Director, Recreation Resources and Professional Services, Pacific Northwest Region, through Deputy Regional Director, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, July 2, 1987, Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence 1987 and 1988, PNRO. See also Memorandum, Richard Winters, Associate Director, Recreation Resources and Professional Services, Pacific Northwest Region, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, January 22, 1988, PNRO.

72. Superintendent report, July 1959, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume l, 1953-1959, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 136.

73. Superintendent report, August 1960, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 2, 1960 to 1962, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 22.

74. Completion Report for "Marking Fort Site," November 14, 1960, Acc. no. 73-A1296, Box 2, FRC Seattle.

75. Completion Report for "Construction of two residences, exclusive of concrete sidewalks," August 5, 1961, Acc. no. 73-A1296, Box 2, FRC Seattle.

76. Completion Report, "Construction of Visitor Center," August 25, 1961, Acc. no. 73- A1296, Box 2, FRC Seattle.

77. "WODC - Weekly Field Report," September 30, 1961, 1961 Moll Construction Co. Contracts, FOVA.

78. Letter, Frank A. Hjort, Superintendent, to Moll Construction Co., November 27, 1961, 1961 - Moll Construction Co. contracts, FOVA.

79. "Natural History and Historical Background," Vol. III, Section D, p. 2, February 1964, in Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Fort Vancouver National Monument. MISSION 66 Edition; Revised Orchard Plant List, January 4, 1962, Construction Contracts Landscaping Project, 1961/62, FOVA; Superintendent report, February 1962, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 2, 1960 to 1962, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 102; and "Forestry", March 1958, p. 2, in Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Fort Vancouver National Monument. MISSION 66 Edition, March 1960, FOVA.

80. Superintendent Report, March 1963, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 3, 1963 to 1964, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 13; see also "Draft Master Plan of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," 1964, p. 16, in Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Master Plans, Administrative History, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1970).

81. Superintendent report, July 1965, and Superintendent report, June 1966, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 4. 1965 to 1967, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 37 and 106.

82. Letter, John A. Rutter, Regional Director, to J.C. Finlay, Parks and Recreation Department, Edmonton, December 13, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

83. Letter, Leland P. Hughey, Acting Area Manager, to John W. Stratton, Acting Regional Director, December 15, 1965, in Legislative History, Vol. III, p. 478.

84. Superintendent report, July 1966, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume 4, p. 116.

85. Robert F. Smith, Project Supervisor, Completion Report for Reconstruction of Palisade and Gate, July 26, 1967, Acc. no. 73-A1296, Box 2, FRC Seattle.

86. Completion Report for Reconstruction of Palisade and Gate, July 26, 1967, H22 1965 - Completion Report Reconstruction of North Wall and Gate, FOVA.

87. George B. Hartzog, Battling For the National Parks, (Mt. Kisco, New York: Moyer Bell Limited, 1988), pp. 141-43.

88. United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, Master Plan. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Washington, (Vancouver, Washington, 1969), p. 2.

89. Memorandum, Superintendent, Fort Vancouver, to Chief, Office of Resource Planning, attn: Reed Jarvis, D18, Master Plan (Feb. 1967 to Sept. 1970.), FOVA.

90. Letter, John A. Hussey to Jane T. Merritt, project historian, August 6, 1992.

91. Memorandum, Eliot Davis, Superintendent, to Steve E. Butterworth, Urban & Environmental Specialist, May 28, 1970, A36 Removal of Playground Equipment, FOVA.

92. Telephone interview with Eliot Davis, September 3, 1991; Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, November 12, 1970, Acc. no. 83-0002-6, Box 2, A6435, FRC Seattle; Completion Report for Playground, June 1970, Playground Equipment Completion Report, FOVA.

93. Letter, Bruce E. Hagensen, Mayor, to Charles Odegaard, Director Pacific Northwest Region, March 19, 1990, A36 Removal of Playground equipment, FOVA.

94. Letter, Charles Odegaard to Bruce Hagensen, Mayor, March 20, 1990, A36 Removal of Playground Equipment, FOVA.

95. Memorandum, Regional Director to Dave Herrera, Superintendent, April 2, 1990, A36 Removal of Playground Equipment, FOVA. See also The Columbian, April l, 1990.

96. Memorandum, Robert M. Utley, Chief Historian to Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, June 11, 1969, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

97. Superintendent report, 1973, in Superintendent's Annual Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1987-1991, PNRO Library; Completion Report, January 25, 1974, D52, Contract 1978, FOVA.

98. Memorandum, Merrill J. Mattes, Manager, Historic Preservation Team, Denver Service Center, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, February 7, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 2, H30, FRC Seattle.

99. Letter, Donald Gillespie to Julia Butler Hansen, January 23, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

100. Memorandum, Russell Jones, restoration architect, to Merrill Mattes?, Manager, Historic Preservation Team, Denver Service Center, September 30, 1974, Acc. no. 83- 0005-10, Box 2, H30, FRC Seattle.

101. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie, Superintendent, to Manager, Historic Preservation Team, DSC, October 16, 1974, D52 - A. Lewis Koue (Phase II) 1974, FOVA.

102. "Historic Structure Report Architectural Data Section for Chief Factor's House, Kitchen, Wash House, Flagpole, and Bell Pole," Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, D52 A. Lewis Koue (Phase II) 1974, FOVA.

103. Completion Report for Reconstruction Phase II Buildings, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, July l, 1976, D52 Contracts 1975, FOVA.

104. Memorandum, George A. Thorson, Historical Architect, Historic Preservation Division, DSC, to Assistant Manager, Pacific Northwest/Western Team, DSC, December 17, 1976, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, FRC Seattle.

105. Memorandum, Edward J. Kurtz, Acting Regional Director to Manager, Denver Service Center, October 20, 1977, Acc. no. 84-0005-6, Box 6, D22 Construction Programs FOVA 75-77, FRC Seattle.

106. Memorandum, James M. Thomson, Superintendent, to Regional Director, May 17, 1979, D52 L. Koue contract 1978, FOVA.

107. The Oregonian, December 30, 1980.

108. Memorandum, Greater Vancouver Chamber of Commerce to Vancouver City Council, February 14, 1980, D22 Bandstand Construction, FOVA.

109. Memorandum, James M. Thomson to the Regional Director, March 18, 1980, D22 Bandstand Construction, FOVA.

110. Memorandum, Regional Director to James M. Thomson, Superintendent, April 2, 1980, D22 Bandstand Construction, FOVA.

111. Letter, Patricia Stryker to Charles F. Bohannon, Pacific Northwest Region, April 24, 1980, D22 Bandstand Construction, FOVA.

112. Letter, Charles H. Odegaard, Acting Regional Director, to Jeanne M. Welch, Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, May 19, 1980, D22 Bandstand Construction, FOVA.

113. "Memorandum of Understanding," April 6, 1981, D22 Bandstand Construction, FOVA.

114. Memorandum, Superintendent to Regional Director, March 11, 1985, H20 Collections Management/Preservation, FOVA.

115. Memorandum, William J. Briggle, Deputy Regional Director, to Superintendent, April 24, 1985, H20 Collections Management/Preservation, FOVA.

116. Letter, Rep. Don Bonker to James M. Thomson, Superintendent, April 30, 1987, D22 Fur Store, Folder #1, FOVA.

117. Letter. James M. Thomson, to Don Bonker, May 6, 1987, D22 Fur store Folder #1, FOVA.

118. "Briefing Statement" prepared for Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan, March l, 1990, Planning Div., Pearson Correspondence 1990. PNRO.

119. Various public letters in file A36 Fur Store Complaints, FOVA.

120. Letter, Charles Odegaard to Helen Jones, President International Society for Animal Rights, Inc., June 6, 1990, Fur Store Complaints, FOVA.

121. Letter, David Herrera to Jon David Kessler, December 11, 1990, A36 Fur Store Complaints, FOVA.

122. Memorandum, Dave Herrera, Superintendent, to Regional Director, March 27, 1991, A2615 Report PN Congressional Delegation, FOVA.

123. "Briefing Statement," prepared for Secretary of the Interior Lujan, July 3, 1991, D22 Fur Store Folder #2, FOVA.

1. Memorandum, Archeologist to Director, Region Four, April 6, 1950, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

2. Memorandum, Assistant Director, Region Four, to Superintendent, April 2, 1951, Box 291, file 901, NA San Bruno.

3. Superintendent Report, April 1954, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume l, 1953-1959, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 11.

4. Superintendent Report, July 1955, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume l, p. 41.

5. Superintendent Report, January 1957, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume l, p. 78. Visitation went from under 1,000 during 1951 to about 37,500 in 1960.

6. The Columbian December 10, 1957.

7. Superintendent Report, March 1962, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 2, 1960 to 1962, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 106.

8. "Advance Plan - Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Visitor Center Dedication," December, 1961, p. 8, in MISSION 66 Dedication and Correspondence Related to the Event on March 18, 1962, compiled by Robert E.S. Clark, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, November 27, 1967.)

9. "Address of Regional Director Lawrence C. Merriam At Fort Vancouver Visitor Center Dedication," March 18, 1962, in MISSION 66 Dedication and Correspondence Related to the Event on March 18. 1962, compiled by Robert E.S. Clark, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, November 27, 1967).

10. Superintendent Annual Report, 1974, January 25, 1975, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2621 Superintendent Reports, FRC Seattle.

11. Superintendent Report, July 1963, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 3. 1963 to 1964, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 30.

12. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Western Region, May 16, 1968, Acc. no. 74- A207, Box 4, A8215, FRC Seattle.

13. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Regional Director, July 9, 1968, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 4, A8215, FRC Seattle,

14. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Western Region, June 6, 1969, Acc. no. 74- A207, Box 4, A8215, FRC Seattle.

15. Superintendent Annual Report, 1972, January 12, 1973, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 10, H2621 Superintendent Report, FRC Seattle.

16. The Columbian, July 6, 1976.

17. Superintendent Annual Report, 1976, February 16, 1977, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2621 Superintendent Report 1976, FRC Seattle.

18. The Columbian, February 15, 1977.

19. The Columbian, June 7, 1977.

20. The Columbian June 18, 1978.

21. Superintendent Annual Report, 1980, February 3, 1981, A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, FOVA.

22. Superintendent Annual Report, 1991, March 27, 1992, in Superintendent's Annual Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1987-1991, PNRO Library.

23. Memorandum, Harold G. Fowler to the Regional Landscape Architect, November l, 1948, Box 290, file 600, NA San Bruno.

24. Letter, O.A. Tomlinson, Regional Director, to Earl H. Anderson, Mayor of Vancouver, November 4, 1948, Box 290, file 600, NA San Bruno.

25. Neal A. Butterfield, George T. Hopper, and John A. Hussey, Vancouver Barracks. Vancouver. Clark County. Washington. WAA Registry No. W-Wash-49, Items 3 and 4: Report on Application by City of Vancouver, Washington, for Transfer of Surplus Properties for an Historical Monument, National Park Service, Region Four, June 1949.

26. Raymond E. Hoyt, Neal A. Butterfield, George T. Hopper, and John A. Hussey, Report on Application by City of Vancouver for Transfer of Surplus Properties for Public Park and Recreational Area Purposes, prepared by Region Four, National Park Service for Region 11, General Services Administration, War Assets, December 1949.

27. Memorandum, Frank Hjort, superintendent, to Director, Region Four, July l, 1952, Acc. no. 84-0004-3, Box 2, L2225, FRC Seattle.

28. Letter, George L. Collins, Regional Chief, Recreation Resource Planning, to Milton H. Martin, Director, Vancouver Parks and Recreation Department, March 29, 1960, Acc. no. 84-0004-3, Box 2, L2225, FRC Seattle.

29. The Columbian, February 19, 1963; memorandum, A. Heaton Underhill, Assistant Director, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, to Field Representative, Western Region, February 5, 1963, Acc. no. 84-0004-3, Box 2, L2225, FRC Seattle.

30. Memorandum, R.W. Allin, Field Representation, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, to the National Park Service Director, March l, 1963, Acc. no. 84-0004-3, Box 2, L2225, FRC Seattle.

31. Letter, Dale Q. Haskins, Acting Director, BOR, Pacific Northwest Region, to John E. Slayton, Vancouver City Manager, December 27, 1963, Acc. no. 84-0004-3, Box 2, L2225, FRC Seattle.

32. Memorandum, H.L. Crowley, Acting Assistant Regional Director, to Superintendent, July 23, 1952, Box 289, file 0-10, NA San Bruno.

33. Memorandum, Superintendent to Regional Director, July 8, 1952, Box 289, file 0-10, NA San Bruno.

34. The Columbian, June 21, 1966.

35. Memorandum, Eliot Davis, superintendent, to Director, Western Region, March 26, 1968, Acc. no, 74-A207, Box 6, L1417, FRC Seattle.

36. Superintendent Annual Report, 1972, January 12, 1973, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2621 Superintendent Report, FRC Seattle; Superintendent Annual Report, 1973, January 29, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2621 Superintendent Reports, FRC Seattle.

37. Letter, Brad Skinner, Assistant to the Vancouver City Manager, to Donald Gillespie, February l, 1973, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 3, L1425, FRC Seattle,

38. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, February 12, 1973, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 3, L1425, FRC Seattle.

39. The Oregonian, February 27, 1974.

40. Letter, Russell E. Dickenson to James McClure, March 18, 1981, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 615.

41. Memorandum, James M. Thomson, Superintendent, to Regional Director, April 8, 1988, L30 Memo/Agreement - Waterfront, FOVA.

42. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, April 7, 1975, A44 Central Parks/Bike Trail, FOVA; The Columbian, May 30, 1974.

43. The Columbian, October 20, 1975.

44. Letter, Ethel Lehman, Chairwoman Vancouver Central Park Steering Committee, to Donald Gillespie, Superintendent, June 24, 1977, A44 Central Parks/Bike Trail, FOVA.

45. The Columbian, July 20, 1977.

46. Letter, James M. Thomson to Jim Justin, Vancouver Mayor, August 7, 1979, A44 Central Parks/Bike Trail, FOVA.

47. "FOVA Briefing Proposed Land Adjustments," March l, 1984, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 648.

48. Carl Landerholm, Vancouver Area Chronology, 1784-1958, (Vancouver, Washington, 1960), p. 279, The Columbian, April 10, 1933.

49. Permit between War Assets Administration and the National Park Service, September l, 1948, Box 291, file 901, NA San Bruno.

50. Memorandum, Louis Caywood to Director, Region Four, May 16, 1950, Box 291, file 620, NA San Bruno.

51. Memorandum, Raymond Hoyt to files, January 20, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno. See also Chapter Two for a more detailed discussion about the land transactions between 1948 and 1954.

52. Letter, Eldon R. Johansen, Maj., Vancouver Barracks, to Commanding General Fort Lewis, May 26, 1972, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 4, 130, FRC Seattle.

53. Letter, Donald Gillespie to Major Eldon Johansen, March 28, 1973, Acc. no, 83-0005-10, Box 4, 130, FRC Seattle.

54. Letter, Donald Gillespie to Major James Lyles, Vancouver Barracks, December 12, 1973, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 4, 130, Land Use FOVA, 1-1-72 to 12-31-74, FRC Seattle.

55. Letter, Major James H. Lyles, Vancouver Barracks, to Donald Gillespie, November 27, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, L38, Aircraft F.A., 1-1-72 to 12-31-74, FRC Seattle.

56. Memorandum, C. Richard Neely, Assistant Regional Solicitor, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, February 9, 1977, D18 Master Plan and Land Acquisition, FOVA.

57. Memorandum, James M. Thomson, Superintendent, to Regional Director, Chief of Lands Division, October 29, 1982, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 644.

58. Interview with Donald Stewart, August 29, 1991, Vancouver, Washington.

59. "News and Comments," The Pacific Northwest Quarterly 38 (January 1947), p. 95.

60. The Columbian, March 18, 1949.

61. Fort Vancouver Restoration and Historical Society, promotional literature, about 1950, Box 291, file 871, NA San Bruno.

62. see Memorandum, Frank Hjort to Regional Director, May 7, 1952, file 871, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

63. Memorandum, Aubrey Neasham, Regional Historian, to Regional Director, May 9, 1952, file 871, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

64. Memorandum, Aubrey Neasham, Historian, Region Four, to Acting Director, Region Four, May 9, 1952, Box 291, file 871, NA San Bruno.

65. Superintendent Report, October 1956, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume l, p. 72.

66. Superintendent Report, April 1959, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume l, p. 130.

67. Superintendent report, January 1960, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 2, 1960 to 1962, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 2.

68. Memorandum, Superintendent, Mount Rainier National Park, to Frank Hjort, December 5, 1951, Box 291, file 871, Associations, NA San Bruno.

69. Memorandum, Superintendent, to Director, Region Four, November 28, 1952, Box 291, file 871, NA San Bruno.

70. Memorandum, Herbert Maier, Assistant Regional Director, to Frank Hjort, December 9, 1952, Box 291, file 871, NA San Bruno.

71. Memorandum, Frank Hjort to Regional Director, December 22, 1952, Box 291, file 871, Associations, NA San Bruno.

72. Memorandum, Assistant Director Lee to Regional Director, January 7, 1953, Box 291, file 871, Associations, NA San Bruno.

73. Memorandum, Robert Clark, Fort Vancouver Historian, to George Downs, Regional Publications Officer, February 22, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 3, A42, FRC Seattle. Robert Clark, Executive Secretary of the Association, reported that the loan was finally paid off in February 1966 though they only had about $40 in their checking account at that time.

74. Superintendent Report, October 1963, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 3. 1963 to 1964, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 50.

75. Superintendent Annual Report, 1974, January 22, 1975, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2621 Superintendent Reports 1974, FRC Seattle.

76. Interview with Bob Appling, July 16, 1992, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vancouver, Washington.

77. "Memorandum of Agreement between the National Park Service United States Department of the Interior and the Friends of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," March 14, 1991, A44 Friends of Fort Vancouver/Robert Chase, FOVA.

1. The Columbian, May 20, 1912 and June 11, 1912 in Carl Landerholm, Vancouver Area Chronology. 1784-1958, (Vancouver, Washington, 1960), p. 201. No one can seem to agree on a date for the initiation of aviation at Pearson Airfield. Many toss around the year 1905 when a zeppelin landed on the Vancouver Barracks' parade ground, however 1912 is when airplane experimentation began. As to the claim that Pearson Airpark is the oldest continually operating airfield in the country, there seems to be enough evidence to give Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio, where the Wright Brothers began flying and training pilots in 1904, that distinction.

2. The Sunday Oregonian, August 2, 1964. The witness, Allan McCoy, was interviewed in 1964 for this article on the history of Pearson Airpark.

3. See United States, Army, Spruce Production Division, History of Spruce Production Division, (United States Army and United States Spruce Production Corporation, 1920?).

4. The Columbian, June, 15, 1921; Landerholm, Vancouver Area Chronology, 1784-1958, p. 255, The Columbian, November 9,1939 and August 3, 1953.

5. See Charles C. Rohlfing, National Regulation of Aeronautics, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1931), pp. 16-17 and p. 37.

6. The Columbian, May 26, 1930; Roy F. Jones, "Clark County Aviation," in 1968 Clark County History, Fort Vancouver Historical Society, Vol. IX, 1968 (Pioneer Printing):299- 321.

7. Von Hardesty, "Historical Overview of Pearson Airfield," for the National Park Service, March 15, 1992, p. 32; (Army?) aerial photograph 5029 VV DAS. MPD13OCT48 CRLW, dated October 13, 1948 and (Army?) aerial photograph 870 VV 162 PL 391 363RG 6JUNE48, dated June 6, 1948, FOVA. The second photograph shows the Columbia River at flood stage with the lower runway completely under water; see Quitclaim Deed, March 14, 1947, between the United States of America, acting by and through the War Assets Administrator, and the City of Vancouver, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

8. Landerholm, Vancouver Area Chronology. 1784-1958, p. 336, The Columbian, July 11, 1946.

9. Lease of Land Adjoining Pearson Air Park, dated November 30, 1946, in Nancy Hori, ed., Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. 64th Congress through 96th Congress, Vol. III, compiled by Marilee Cogswell and Nancy Hori, National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region, November, 1986, p. 407; (Army?) aerial photograph 5029 VV DAS. MPD13OCT48 CRLW, dated October 13, 1948 and (Army?) aerial photograph 870 VV 162 PL 391 363RG 6JUNE48, dated June 6, 1948, FOVA.

10. Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, (Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1960?), pp. 6-7; Quitclaim Deed, March 14, 1947, between the United States of America, acting by and through the War Assets Administrator, and the City of Vancouver, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle; Landerholm, p. 339; The Columbian, March 13, 1947.

11. Memorandum, O.A. Tomlinson, Director, Region Four, to National Park Service Director, April 21, 1947, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

12. Landerholm, p. 339; The Columbian, April 23, 1947; memorandum, B.F. Manby to Regional Director, May l, 1947, 601 file, area files in Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1960?), p. 8.

13. Letter, Mayor Anderson to Civil Aeronautics Administration, Seattle, April l, 1948, 601 file, area files in Administrative History Drafts Fort Vancouver, p. 11.

14. Quitclaim Deed, March 14, 1947, between the United States of America, acting by and through the War Assets Administrator, and the City of Vancouver, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle; The Columbian, April 25, 1949; and Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 411.

15. Letter, Paul L. Mather, Rear Admiral, U.S.N., Retired, Associate Administrator, War Assets Administration, to Julius A. Krug, Secretary of the Interior, May 19, 1949, in Hori, Legislative History For Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III; see also Letter, Harold S. Kern, Chairman of Vancouver Aeronautics Board to District Airport Engineer, January 25, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

16. Memorandum, Frank Hjort to Director, Region Four, April 16, 1953, Box 289, file 0- 10, NA San Bruno; Superintendent Report, February 1954 in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume l, 1953-1959, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 7.

17. Superintendent Report, January 1956, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report, Volume l, p. 54.

18. Superintendent Report, July 1958, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report, Volume l, p. 112-113.

19. Superintendent Report, November 1958 in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report, Volume l, p. 121.

20. The Columbian, February 1959.

21. Superintendent Report, June 1961 in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 2, 1960 to 1962, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 67.

22. The Columbian, February 1959.

23. The Oregonian, March 16, 1961; Quit Claim Deed, between The city of Vancouver and the State of Washington, March 22, 1961, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 455.

24. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to the Director, September 20, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

25. Quitclaim Deed, between the United States of America, acting by and through the Administrator of General Services, and the City of Vancouver, August 23, 1963, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 468.

26. The Sunday Oregonian, July 26, 1964 and August 2, 1964.

27. The Columbian July 23, 1964.

28. The Sunday Oregonian, August 2, 1964.

29. Memorandum, Manuel Morris, Acting Regional Chief, Division of Land and Water Rights Western Region to Assistant Director, Operations, Western Region, June l, 1965, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 3, A5427, FRC Seattle.

30. The Columbian, October 7, 1966; see also The Columbian, April 25, 1961.

31. Letter, Harold Kern to the Vancouver Mayor and City Council, April 17, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

32. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Regional Director, April 4, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

33. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to the National Park Service Director, April 3, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

34. Memorandum, Frank Hjort to Director, Region Four, July 27, 1951, Box 290, file 503, NA San Bruno.

35. The Columbian, July 27, 1960.

36. Letter, Robert D. Clute, Vancouver City Manager, to Representative Julia Butler Hansen, May 10, 1961, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 6, Hansen Bills - National Parks and Monuments HR 3283, UW Manuscripts.

37. Letter, George Hartzog to Julia Butler Hansen, May 20, 1965, L1429, Land Records, FOVA.

38. Memorandum, Frank Hjort, Superintendent, to Director, Region Four, May 26, 1961, D22, Construction of Fort Vancouver thru 1960, FOVA.

39. The Columbian, February 27 and 28, 1962; "Modification of Easement," February 27, 1962, L38 Pearson Airpark 1964-66, FOVA.

40. Letter, Leland P. Hughey, Acting Area Manager, Federal Aviation Administration, to John W. Stratton, Acting Director, Western Region, December 15, 1965, Acc. no. 74- A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

41. Hal Edwards, "Pearson Airport Relocation," October 6, 1964, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1964-66, FOVA; see Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Ed Hummel, October 3, 1967, L38, Pearson Airpark, 1967-1970, FOVA.

42. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Western Region, July 19, 1965, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1964-66, FOVA.

43. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Western Region, January 18, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

44. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Western Region, January 18, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle; letter, Gus Norwood to Julia Butler Hansen, March 9, 1965, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1964-66, FOVA; and memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Western Region, May 5, 1965, L38, Pearson Airpark, 1964-66, FOVA.

45. Letter, Gus Norwood to Julia Butler Hansen, February 4, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

46. Letter, J.E.N. Jensen, Assistant Director of the National Park Service, to Julia Butler Hansen, March 4, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

47. Memorandum, Edward Hummel to the National Park Service Director, July 8, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

48. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to the National Park Service Director, June 13, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

49. City of Vancouver Resolution No. M-1169, May 23, 1967 and letter, M.O. Gardner, City Manager, to Eliot Davis, July 27, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

50. Letter, D. D. Thomas, Deputy Administrator, FAA, to Representative Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks, Department of Interior, August 28, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

51. Memorandum to file, "Report of Conference," October 17, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

52. The Columbian, April 2, 1968.

53. Federal Aviation Administration Aeronautical Study No. 68-SEA-38-NRF, Determination of Airspace Use, by Fred S. McKnight, February 14, 1969, Acc. no. 74- A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

54. Memorandum, John A. Rutter, Director, Western Region, to the National Park Service Director, May 8, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

55. Memorandum, R. B. Moore to the National Park Service Director, August 3, 1967, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 7, L38, FRC Seattle.

56. Letter, Leslie L. Glasgow, Assistant Secretary of the Interior, to Robert L. Kunzig, GSA, August 13, 1969, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 3, L1425, FRC Seattle.

57. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Northwest District, December 30, 1969, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, L38, FRC Seattle.

58. Letter, Alan N. Harvey, Vancouver City Manager, to Julia Butler Hansen, December 31, 1969, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 108, Fort Vancouver (Park Service), 1970, UW Manuscripts.

59. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Northwest Regional Director, January 30, 1970, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, L38, FRC Seattle.

60. Letter, Alan N. Harvey, City Manager, to Eliot Davis, September 3, 1970, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, L38, FRC Seattle.

61. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, September 3, 1970, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, L38, FRC Seattle.

62. Letter, Alan N. Harvey to Louis W. Menk, President, Burlington Northern Railroad, December 14, 1970, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 68, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site/Pearson Park 1971, UW Manuscripts.

63. Memorandum, John E. Ritchie, Chief, Office of Land Acquisition and Water Resources, Western Service Center, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, March 23, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 3, L1425, FRC Seattle.

64. Offer to Sell Real Property, between Burlington Northern Inc. and The United States of America, April 16, 1971, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 521.

65. Letter, George Hartzog to Julia Butler Hansen, April 29, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, L38, FRC Seattle.

66. Letter, Alan Harvey to Keith Watkins, May 7,1971, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 68, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site/Pearson Park 1971, UW Manuscripts.

67. Offer to Sell Real Property, May 4, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 3, L1425, FRC Seattle.

68. Vancouver City Council Minutes, May 4, 1971, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1971, FOVA.

69. Memorandum, Robert Clark, Acting Superintendent, Fort Vancouver, to "Whom It May Concern", September 8, 1971, L38, Pearson Airpark 1971, FOVA; see also Vancouver City Council Minutes, May 4, 1971, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1971, FOVA.

70. Letter, Alan Harvey to C.B. Walk, Jr., FAA, April 23, 1971, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 68, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site/Pearson Park, 1971, UW Manuscripts.

71. Vancouver City Council Memo No. 152-71, Alan N. Harvey, City Manager, to Mayor and Members of the City Council, April 30, 1971, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 526.

72. Council Memo No. 182-71, Vancouver City Manager to Mayor and City Council, May 20, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, L38, FRC Seattle.

73. Agreement Between United States of America and City of Vancouver, September 24, 1971, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver, Vol. III, p. 548 and 551.

74. Emphasis added. Letter, Lloyd Stromgren to Chris Walk, FAA Regional Office, February 24, 1972, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 106, Park Correspondence, Fort Vancouver, 1972, UW Manuscripts; see also letter, Alan Harvey to C.B. Walk, Jr., April 23, 1971, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 68, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site/Pearson Park, 1971, UW Manuscripts.

75. Statutory Warranty Deed, April 4, 1972, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1972-75, FOVA; letter, C. Richard Neely, Attorney, to Ted Brown, Vancouver City Director of Parks & Recreation, December 28, 1983, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

76. Superintendent Annual Report, 1972, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2621 Superintendent's Report, 1972-73, FRC Seattle.

77. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie to File, November 24, 1976, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

78. Memorandum, Alan N. Harvey to Mayor and City Council, March 7, 1977, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

79. The Columbian, November 6, 1979.

80. Memorandum, James Thomson to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, March 26, 1981, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

81. Letter, Donald Gillespie to Ken Puttkamer, July 11, 1974, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1972-75, FOVA.

82. Memorandum, Kent J. Taylor, Supervisory Park Ranger, to Superintendent, September 21, 1982, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

83. Memorandum, James M. Thomson to Regional Director, October 14, 1981, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

84. Memorandum, Charles Odegaard to Superintendent, Fort Vancouver, December 8, 1981, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

85. Letter, Jim Justin to Daniel Tobin, Director Pacific Northwest Region, February 24, 1982; and Vancouver City Council Resolution No. M-2301, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976- 87, FOVA.

86. Letter, Daniel J. Tobin, Jr., Regional Director, to Jim Justin, Mayor of Vancouver, March 9, 1982, L38 Pearson Airport, 1976-87, FOVA.

87. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, November 19, 1976, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

88. Notes from telephone conversation between Sid Malbon?, Chief, Recreational Planning and Environmental Compliance and Tom Highland, Airport Manager, Pearson Airpark, May 19, 1982, Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence prior to 1987, PNRO.

89. Letter, George L. Buley, FAA Chief, Planning and Programming Branch, to Thomas E. Highland, Pearson Airpark Manager, June 22, 1982, in Hori, Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vol. III, p. 635.

90. Letter, Paul Grattet to Jim Thomson, August 30, 1982, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976- 87, FOVA.

91. Letter, Daniel R. Keuhn, Acting Regional Director, to Paul Grattet, Vancouver City Manager, September 23, 1982, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

92. Letter, C. Richard Neely, Attorney, to Ted Brown, Vancouver City Director of Parks & Recreation, December 28, 1983, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

93. Memorandum, James M. Thomson to Regional Director, January 8, 1986, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA; Memorandum, C. Richard Neely, Office of the Regional Solicitor, through Regional Solicitor, PNRO, Assistant Regional Solicitor, General Law, to Office of Legislative Counsel, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., March 23, 1984, Planning files, Pearson, PNRO.

94. Letter, Tom Highland, Pearson Airpark Manager to Jim Thomson, February 11, 1985, attachment, p. 3, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1976-87, FOVA.

95. The Columbian, April 17 and 18, May 14, June 12, and July 6, 1986.

96. The Oregonian, June 24, 1986.

97. The Columbian, August 24, 1986.

98. "The Pearson Airpark Issue - 1972 to Present," p. 2, L38 Pearson Airpark, Misc., FOVA.

99. The Pearson Airpark Issue - 1972 to Present," p. 2, L38 Pearson Airpark, Misc., FOVA.

100. The Columbian, January 6, 1987.

101. Vancouver City Council Resolution No. M-2544, March 9, 1987, L38, Pearson Airport, 1976-87, FOVA.

102. "Briefing Paper, Pearson Airpark, Vancouver, 1987," L38 Pearson Airpark, 1987, FOVA.

103. Memorandum, Richard Winters, Associate Director, Recreation Resources and Professional Services, Pacific Northwest Region, through Deputy Regional Director, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, July 2, 1987, Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence 1987 and 1988, PNRO; see also memorandum, Richard Winters, Associate Director, Recreation Resources and Professional Services, Pacific Northwest Region, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, January 22, 1988, PNRO.

104. Memorandum, Richard Winters, Associate Director, Recreation Resources and Professional Services, Pacific Northwest Region, to The Record, May 3, 1988, Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence 1987 and 1988, PNRO.

105. "Statement of Alternatives for Pearson Airpark, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," May 4, 1988, L38 Pearson Airpark, misc., FOVA.

106. Memorandum, James M. Thomson to Regional Director, May 10, 1988, L38 Pearson Airpark, 1987, FOVA.

107. "The Pearson Airpark Issue - 1972 to Present," p. 3, L38 Pearson Airpark, Misc., FOVA.

108. Letter, John P. Wulle to Charles Odegaard, July 26, 1988, Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence 1987 and 1988, PNRO.

109. Letter, John P. Wulle to Charles Odegaard, Regional Director, July 26, 1988, Planning Division files, Pearson correspondence 1987 and 1988, PNRO; letter, Charles Odegaard to John P. Wulle, January 23, 1989, H14 Area and Service History, October 1988 to September 1989, PNRO.

110. Letter, Charles H. Odegaard, Regional Director, to Bruce E. Hagensen and John P. Wulle, October 12, 1988, L38 Pearson Airpark, misc., FOVA.

111. Letter, Charles Odegaard to John Wulle, February 14, 1989, H14 Area and Service History, October 1988 to September 1989, PNRO.

112. The Columbian, February 27, 1989 and The Oregonian, February 25, 1989; letter, Representative Jolene Unsoeld to William Penn Mott, Jr., Director, National Park Service, February 24, 1989, L38 Pearson Airpark misc., FOVA.

113. The Columbian, June 22, 1989.

114. The Oregonian, November 22, 1989.

115. Letter, David W. Sturdevant, Board of County Commissioners, to Dave Field, Federal Aviation Administration, February 9, 1990, Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence 1990, PNRO; letter, David A. Field, Federal Aviation Administration, to Paul M. Grattet, Planning Division files, Proposed Vancouver NHR, correspondence, PNRO.

116. Proposed Bill H.R. 5144, in the House of Representatives June 21, 1990, Planning Division files, Proposed Vancouver NHR, legislation, PNRO.

117. Memorandum, Stephanie Toothman, Chief, Cultural Resources Division, Pacific Northwest Region, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, October 29, 1990, Planning Division files, Pearson Correspondence 1990, PNRO.

1. Memorandum, Frank Hjort to E.B. Herron, Acting Chief, Assignment & Utilization Branch, Real Estate Division, GSA, October 21, 1954, Acc. no. 67A846, Box l, L1417, Boundary Adjustment 1953 to 12-31-54 FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

2. James N. Gibson, A Portion of Vancouver Barracks Military Reservation Vancouver. Washington, GSA Control No. W-WASH-49 Report on Application by City of Vancouver. Washington for Transfer of Surplus Property for Public Park and Recreation Area Purposes, September 1955, Acc. no. 84-0004-3, Box 2, L2225, Federal Surplus Properties Case Files, FRC Seattle.

3. Superintendent Report, August 1956, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume l, 1953-1959, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 68.

4. The Columbian, November 14, 1956.

5. Editorial, The Columbian, February 5, 1958.

6. Superintendent Report, November 1959, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume l, p. 144.

7. Superintendent report, March 1960, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 2, 1960 to 1962, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967) p. 6.

8. The Columbian, May 22, 1963.

9. Letter, Hal Edwards, Superintendent, to Larry Neal, Washington State Recreation Society, January 17, 1964, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L30, Land Use FOVA, FRC Seattle.

10. Memorandum, Eliot Davis, FOVA Superintendent, to Regional Director, Western Region, May 24, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L30, Land Use FOVA, FRC Seattle.

11. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Regional Director, Western Region, July 5, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L30, Land Use FOVA, FRC Seattle.

12. Letter, William C. Klein, City Attorney of Vancouver to General Services Administration, no date (July 1966?), Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L1417, Boundary Adjustment, FRC Seattle.

13. See letter, Eliot Davis, superintendent, to Melvin Gardner, Vancouver City Manager, July 26, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 6, L30, Land Use FOVA, FRC Seattle.

14. Memorandum, Donald F. Gillespie, superintendent, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, Attn: Ben Gale, December 7, 1972, D18 Waterfront Beautification, 1981, FOVA.

15. "Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of the Waterfront Beautification at Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," May 14, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, Archeological and Historical Research FOVA [1-1-75 to 12-31-77], FRC Seattle.

16. The Oregonian, March 8, 1974.

17. 'Request for Transfer of Excess Real Property and Related Personal Property," originally dated May 23, 1974, resubmitted February 13, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, Archeological and Historical Research FOVA, FRC Seattle.

18. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, February 25, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, Archeological and Historical Research, FRC Seattle.

19. "Application for Permit to Work in Navigable Waters," March 7, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, Archeological and Historical Research FOVA, FRC Seattle.

20. Memorandum, John Rutter, Regional Director, to Superintendent Donald Gillespie, March 27, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, Archeological and Historical Research FOVA, FRC Seattle.

21. Memorandum, J.J. Hoffman, Supervisory Archeologist, to Superintendent, FOVA, April 14, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, Archeological and Historical Research FOVA, FRC Seattle; see also memorandum, Superintendent to Regional Director, April 7, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, Archeological and Historical Research FOVA, FRC Seattle.

22. Memorandum, Acting Regional Director to files, May 14, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H30, Archeological and Historical Research FOVA, FRC Seattle.

23. Letter, Donald Gillespie, FOVA superintendent, to John Payne, Chief, Compliance Inspection Section, Army Corps of Engineers, D18 Waterfront Beautification 1981, FOVA.

24. Superintendent Annual Report, 1977, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2621 Super. Report 1977, FRC Seattle; and "Completion Report," December 2, 1977, D52 WESS Hall Demolition FY77, FOVA.

25. United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, Master Plan. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Washington, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978), p. 2.

26. Summary of Waterfront park projects, no date, quoted from p. 89 of A Park for Vancouver. Central Park Plan, prepared by Management and Planning Services, D18 Waterfront Beautification 1981, FOVA.

27. Letter, Patricia Stryker to Glenn Gallison, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, February 4, 1981, D18 Waterfront Beautification 1981, FOVA.

28. Trip Report from Pat Berg and Geoff Swan, March 10, 1981, D18 Waterfront Beautification 1981, FOVA.

29. Letter, Daniel Babbitt to Patricia Stryker, Vancouver Central Park Coordinator, May 8, 1981 and Memorandum, Jim Thomson, Superintendent, to Regional Director, May 11, 1981, D18 Waterfront Beautification 1981, FOVA.

30. Letter, Daniel J. Tobin, Regional Director, to Robert Wilder, Interagency Coordinating Committee, September 9, 1981, D18 Waterfront Beautification 1981, FOVA.

31. Interview with James M. Thomson, August 27, 1991.

32. "Memorandum of Understanding," March 10, 1982, in Nancy Hori, ed., Legislative History for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. 64th Congress through 96th Congress, Vol. III, compiled by Marilee Cogswell and Nancy Hori, (National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, November, 1986), p. 627.

33. Memorandum, Bob Appling to Dave Herrera, July 25, 1990, L30 Memo/Agreement - Waterfront, FOVA.

34. Memorandum, David P. Herrera, Superintendent, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, August 6, 1990, L30 Memo/Agreement - Waterfront, FOVA.

35. Letter, Charles Odegaard to Mayor Bruce Hagensen, August 16, 1990, Planning Division, Pearson Correspondence 1990, PNRO.

1. Louis R. Caywood, "Excavating Fort Vancouver," The Beaver, (March 1948), p. 6.

2. Louis R. Caywood, "Excavating Fort Vancouver," The Beaver, (March 1948), p. 6; and Louis R. Caywood, Excavations at Fort Vancouver 1948 Season, (San Francisco: Dept. of Interior, National Park Service, 1948), p. 4.

3. Charles Bohannon, Cultural Resource Report, December 5, 1977, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2215, FRC Seattle; see also Louis R. Caywood, "The Archeological Excavation of Fort Vancouver," Oregon Historical Quarterly, XLIX, no. 2 (June 1948):99-116.

4. Caywood, "Excavating Fort Vancouver," The Beaver, (March 1948) p. 7; Louis R. Caywood, 'The Archeological Excavation of Fort Vancouver," Oregon Historical Quarterly, XLIX, no. 2 (June 1948):99-116; Caywood, "Excavating Fort Vancouver" The Beaver, (March 1948):4-7. Today many more of the earthenware patterns used at Fort Vancouver have been identified. For the most complete listing of these patterns see Lynne Sussman, Spode/Copeland Transfer Printed Patterns. Canadian Historical Sites, Occasional Papers in Archaeology and in History, No. 2, 1979.

5. Caywood, Excavations at Fort Vancouver 1948 Season, p. 4-5 and 11.

6. Draft article by Louis Caywood, January 10, 1950, p. 4, Box 290, file 501-02, NA San Bruno; and The Columbian November 8, 1948.

7. Louis Caywood, "Excavations at Fort Vancouver, 1950 Season," April 28, 1952, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

8. Louis Caywood, "Excavations at Fort Vancouver, 1950 Season," April 28, 1952, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

9. Memorandum, Frank Hjort, Superintendent, to Director, Region Four, August 20, 1952, Box 291, file 660-05 water system, NA San Bruno.

10. Superintendent report, May 1966, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Volume 4. 1965 to 1967, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 94; The Oregonian, May 24, 1966.

11. Superintendent report, July 1966, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report, Volume 4, p. 109.

12. The Columbian, February 11, 1963.

13. "Archeological Research Management Plan, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," September 1969, H2215 Archeological Management Plan, FOVA.

14. Memorandum, Edward McM. Larrabee, Contract Archeologist, to Eliot Davis, Superintendent, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

15. Edward McM. Larrabee and Susan Kardas, Exploratory Excavations for the Kanaka Village Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vancouver. Washington, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, July 1968), p. 14 and 15.

16. Letter, Susan Kardas (Mrs. E. McM. Larrabee) to Julia Butler Hansen, February 2, 1969, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 109, Park - Kanaka Village 1969, UW Manuscripts.

17. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Regional Director, July 17, 1969, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

18. Letter, Susan Kardas to Julia Butler Hansen, July 23, 1969, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 109, Park - Kanaka Village 1969, UW Manuscripts.

19. Letter, Susan Kardas to Julia Butler Hansen, July 23, 1969, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 109, Park - Kanaka Village 1969, UW Manuscripts. According to Kardas, David Munsell came down to the site on July 10, 1969 and "addressed Mr. Larrabee, ignored me completely, and asked Mr. Larrabee several very pointed questions about my dissertation. Throughout the conversation he completely ignored what was going on, made a few cracks about not having any use for women on a dig (we have five female students), and then, without looking at anything, left. Greengo had given him orders not to look at the dig if he wasn't specifically invited to do so; and since he seemed both rude and disinterested, we didn't ask him to, after which he told both Mr. Davis and Dr. Greengo that we had 'thrown him off the site."'

20. Letter, Julia Butler Hansen to Susan Kardas, July 28, 1969, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 109, Park - Kanaka Village 1969, UW Manuscripts.

21. The Columbian October 10, 1969.

22. Letter, Julia Butler Hansen to George B. Hartzog, October 13, 1969, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 108, Park - FOVA 1969, UW Manuscripts.

23. Memorandum, William L. Bowen, Director, Western Service Center, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, June 9, 1970, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

24. Letter, Robert E. Greengo, Associate Professor of Archeology, to Julia Butler Hansen, July 15, 1970, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 64, Park Service, FOVA 1971, UW Manuscripts.

25. Letter, Julia Butler Hansen to Dr. Robert E. Greengo, July 23, 1970, Julia Butler Hansen Papers, Box 64, Park Service FOVA 1971, UW Manuscripts.

26. Letter, Eliot Davis to Alan Harvey, Vancouver City Manager, September 4, 1970, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 5, L38, FRC Seattle.

27. Memorandum, William Bowen, Director Western Service Center, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, July 23, 1970, Acc. no, 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

28. Memorandum, J. J. Hoffman, Project Archeologist, to Chief, Archeological Investigations, Western Service Center, July l, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

29. Memorandum, J.J. Hoffman, Project Archeologist, to Paul Schumacher, December l, 1970, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

30. Interview with Bryn Thomas, July 15, 1992.

31. Memorandum, Paul Schumacher to Director, Western Service Center, March 24, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

32. Memorandum, Eliot Davis, Superintendent, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, May 11, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

33. Memorandum, Glenn 0. Hendrix, Acting Director, Western Service Center, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, May 27, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle; and memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, June 3, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

34. Memorandum, J. J. Hoffman to Chief, Archeological Investigations, Western Service Center, July l, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle; and interview with Bryn Thomas, July 15, 1992.

35. Memorandum, J.J. Hoffman to Chief, Archeological Investigations, Western Service Center, October l, 1971, Acc. no, 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

36. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, October 19, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle; and interview with Bryn Thomas, July 15, 1992.

37. Memorandum, Jake Hoffman, project archeologist, to Archeologist, Pacific Northwest Region, July 3, 1972, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle; and "Historic Structure Report Architectural Data Section for Chief Factor's House, Kitchen, Wash House, Flag Pole, Bell Pole," Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, D52 A. Lewis Koue (Phase II) 1974, FOVA.

38. Interview with Bryn Thomas, July 15, 1992.

39. Memorandum, Jake Hoffman to Charles F. Bohannon, Regional Archeologist, August l, 1973, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

40. Memorandum, Charles F. Bohannon, Regional Archeologist, to Ben Gale, Associate Regional Director, June 7, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle; and memorandum, Jake Hoffman, to Regional Archeologist, July l, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005- 10, Box l, H2215, FRC Seattle.

41. David H. Chance, "Progress Report, the H.B.C. Kanaka Project at Vancouver, Washington," about November, 1975, p. 11, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2215, FRC Seattle.

42. David H. Chance and Jennifer V. Chance, Kanaka Village. Vancouver Barracks 1974, (Seattle, Washington: Office of Public Archaeology, University of Washington, 1976), p. 266.

43. David H. Chance, news item, September l, 1975, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Washington, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2215, FRC Seattle.

44. David H. Chance and Jennifer V. Chance, Kanaka Village. Vancouver Barracks 1974, (Seattle, Washington: Office of Public Archaeology, University of Washington, 1976), p. 266.

45. Caroline D. Carley, HBC Kanaka Village/Vancouver Barracks 1977, Reports in Highway Archaeology 8, (Seattle, Washington: Office of Public Archaeology, University of Washington, 1982), p. 269.

46. Bryn Thomas and Charles Hibbs, Jr., Report of Investigations of Excavations at Kanaka Village/Vancouver Barracks. Washington 1980/81, Vols. 1 and 2, Washington State Department of Transportation, (Cheney, Washington: Archaeological and Historical Services, Eastern Washington University, 1984), p. 718.

47. see Harvey Steele and Charles Hibbs, "1984-85 Jail Project - Archeological Excavations by the Oregon Archeological Society, Fort Vancouver," National Park Service, draft, 1986.

48. Memorandum, George A. Teague, Archeologist, Division of Internal Archeological Studies, to Chief, Division of Internal Archeological Studies, August 8, 1984, H22 Furnishings, General, FOVA.

49. Letter, William J. Briggle, Acting Regional Director, to Robert Fink, Chief, Western Office of Review and Compliance, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, June 27, 1985, D52, Archeology Testing - Corridor, FOVA; and Bryn Thomas and Jerry Galm, Archeological Testing and Data Recovery Excavations for a Proposed Utility Corridor at Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, (Seattle, Washington: National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region, 1987).

50. Memorandum, Louis R. Caywood to Regional Director, April 4, 1949, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno; and memorandum, Caywood to Regional Director, July 5, 1949, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

51. Memorandum, Louis Caywood to Director, Region Four, September 6, 1949, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

52. Memorandum, Louis Caywood to Director, Region Four, October 6, 1949, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

53. Letter, Louis Caywood to Rust-oleum Corporation, March 14, 1950, Box 91, file 620- 46, NA San Bruno.

54. Memorandum, Louis R. Caywood, Archeologist, to Director, Region Four, December 29, 1949, Box 291, file 620-46, NA San Bruno.

55. Memorandum, Ned J. Burns, Chief, Museum Branch, to Director, Region Four, March 29, 1951, Box 291, file 620-46, NA San Bruno.

56. Memorandum, Frank Hjort, Superintendent, to Director, Region Four, November 26, 1952, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

57. Memorandum, Herbert Maier, Assistant Regional Director, to Superintendent, December 4, 1952, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

58. Memorandum, Herbert Maier, Acting Regional Director, Region Four, to Superintendent, February 5, 1953, Box 291, file 740-02 Archeology, NA San Bruno.

59. Memorandum, Louis Caywood to Director, Region Four, February 1,1949, Box 291, file 620-46, NA San Bruno.

60. Memorandum, Herbert Maier, Acting Regional Director, to Archeologist, Fort Vancouver, March l, 1949, Box 291, file 620-46, NA San Bruno.

61. Walter G. Rivers, "Fort Vancouver National Monument Project Museum Prospectus," December 1949, p. 8, Box 291, File 620-46 Museum, NA San Bruno.

62. Memorandum, Herbert Maier, Assistant Regional Director, to Superintendent, March 26, 1953, Box 291, file 620-46, NA San Bruno.

63. Memorandum, Herbert Maier to Superintendent, April 17, 1953, Box 291, file 620- 46, NA San Bruno; and memorandum, Frank Hjort to Regional Director, April 9, 1953, Box 291, file 620-46, NA San Bruno.

64. The Columbian, August or September 1952, file of newspaper clippings, FOVA; and The Columbian April 23, 1954.

65. Memorandum, Bennett T. Gale, Acting Regional Director to Frank Hjort, Superintendent, December 22, 1960, in Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Museum Prospectus and Exhibit Plan: Administrative History.

66. Frank Hjort and Jerry 0. Wagers, "Museum Prospectus for Fort Vancouver National Monument, Washington," January, 1960, p. 41, in Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Museum Prospectus and Exhibit Plan: Administrative History

67. Memorandum, Frank Hjort To Leland J. Abel, Museum Specialist, WML, April 10, 1961, in Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Museum Prospectus and Exhibit Plan.

68. Superintendent report, January 1967, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume 4, addendum, p. 3.

69. Memorandum, Eliot Davis, to Regional Director, June 15, 1965, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H2215, FRC Seattle.

70. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Regional Director, Western Region, April 21, 1969, and Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Regional Director, March 4, 1968, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, D6215, FRC Seattle.

71. Larrabee and Kardas, Exploratory Excavations for the Kanaka Village, p. 27.

72. Memorandum, Jack Hoffman to Paul J.F. Schumacher, November 30, 1971, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2215 FOVA 1-1-69 to 12-31-71, FRC Seattle.

73. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, March 18, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 2, H30, FRC Seattle.

74. Memorandum, Marc Sagan, Manager, Harpers Ferry Center, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, August 30, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box 2, H30 Arch. and Hist. Structures, FOVA, FRC Seattle.

75. Interview with David Hansen, July 15, 1992; and "Situation Review, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," February 8, 1979, p. 9, FOVA.

76. Memorandum, Robert W. Olsen, Staff Curator, to Chief, Division of Museum Services, September 3, 1975, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2215, FRC Seattle.

77. Superintendent Annual Report, 1976, Acc. no. 84-0007-6, Box 3, H2621 Super. report, 1976, FRC Seattle.

78. Diana R. Pardue, Collection Preservation Guide. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, National Park Service, Harpers Ferry Center, June 1980, p. 29-30.

79. See "Proposed Scope of Work for Curation of 1971-1975 Fort Vancouver Archaeological Material," undated, file D52 Archeology Testing - Corridor, FOVA.

80. Memorandum, David Hansen, COR, to Regional Director, December 12, 1988. D52 Curation and Cataloguing of Archeological Items, FOVA; Memoranda, David K. Hansen, COR, to Contracting Officer, Pacific Northwest Region, February 21, 1990 and February 27, 1990, D52 Computerize Catalogue Cards, CX-9000-0-PO11, FOVA.

81. Memorandum, Kent Bush, Regional Curator, to Associate Director, Recreation Resources and Professional Service, Pacific Northwest Region, April 5, 1989, D6215, Museum and Exhibit Activities Planning and Prop., FOVA, Oct., 1988 to Sept., 1989, PNRO.

82. Memorandum, Kent Bush, Regional Curator, to Associate Director, Recreation Resources and Professional Services, Pacific Northwest Region, July 26, 1989, D6215 Museum Exhibits (General), FOVA; and Collection Management Plan. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, (Seattle, Washington: National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Office, 1990).

83. Memorandum, Charles H. Odegaard, Regional Director, to Superintendent, December 4, 1987, D6215 Museum Exhibits (General), FOVA; Memorandum, Kent Bush, Regional Curator, to Superintendent, February 23, 1988, D6215 Museum Exhibits (General), FOVA.

84. The Columbian, October 13, 1947; and memorandum, Louis Caywood to Regional Director, Region Four, September 2,1948, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno. See appendix for Annual Visitation figures.

85. Memorandum, Hillory A. Tolson to Director, Region Four, November 22, 1948, Box 290, file 504, NA San Bruno.

86. Memorandum, Louis Caywood to Regional Director, September 6, 1949, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

87. Memorandum, Dorr G. Yeager, Acting Assistant Director, Region Four, to National Park Service Director, December 21, 1951, Box 291, file 620-46, NA San Bruno.

88. Memorandum, Dorr G. Yeager, Regional Naturalist, to Superintendent, October 14, 1952, Box 291, file 620-46, NA San Bruno.

89. Memorandum, Frank Hjort to Director, Region Four, September 24, 1954, Acc. no. 67A1085, Box l, K1815, 5-1-53 to 12-31-64, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

90. Memorandum, Dorr G. Yeager, Regional Chief of Interpretation, to Director, Region Four, February 25, 1955, Acc. no. 67A1085, Box l, K1815, 5-1-53 to 12-31-64, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

91. Memorandum, Superintendent to THE DIRECTOR, October 18, 1955, Acc. no. 67A1085, Box l, K1815, 5-1-53 to 12-31-64, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

92. "Visitor Use Brief," Vol. I, Chapter 2, December 1959, Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Fort Vancouver National Monument. MISSION 66 Edition, National Park Service, Fort Vancouver National Monument, March 1960.

93. "Visitor Use Brief," Vol. I, Chapter 2, December 1959, and "Interpretation, March 1958, p. 7, in Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Fort Vancouver National Monument. MISSION 66 Edition.

94. Superintendent Report, April 1967, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume 4, addendum, p. 11.

95. Superintendent Report September 1961, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 2. 1960 to 1962, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p.⁷⁹.

96. Completion Report "Audiovisual Installations," Acc. no. 73-A1296, Box 2, FRC Seattle; Superintendent report, June 1965, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume 4, p. 32.

97. "Annual Report - 1964, Information and Interpretive Services," Acc. no. 67A1085, Box l, K2621, 1-1-58 to 12-31-64, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

98. Memorandum, Harold 0. Edwards to Gunnar 0. Fagerlund, Regional Chief Division of Interpretation and Visitor Service, July 8, 1964, Acc. no. 67A1085, Box l, K1815, 5-1-53 to 12-31-64, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

99. Memorandum, Harold 0. Edwards to Regional Director, October 10, 1963, Acc. no. 66A1069, Box 10, D22, vol. 3, 1-1-61 to 12-31-63, FOVA, FRC San Bruno.

100. Superintendent report, February 1962, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 2, p. 101; The Columbian, December 23, 1963; and Superintendent Report, August 1962, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume 2, p. l30,

101. Junior Ranger Agreement, signed April 11, 1965, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, K1815, FRC Seattle.

102. "Personal Performance Guidelines for Interpretation," July 1969, Acc. no. 83-0002-6, Box 2, A6435, FRC Seattle.

103. Memorandum, Louis Caywood to Regional Director, March 6, 1951, Box 291, file 740-02, NA San Bruno.

104. Superintendent Report, April 1964, May 5, 1964, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 3. 1963 to 1964, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 80.

105. Memorandum, Superintendent to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, November 12, 1970, 83-0002-6, Box 2, A6435, Organization, FA, vol. I, FRC Seattle.

106. Memorandum, Director of Directorate, Field Directorate and WASO Division Chiefs, October 25, 1978, D52, Urban Initiative Program, FY 1979, FOVA.

107. Memorandum, James Thomson to Regional Director, November 30, 1978, D52, Urban Initiative Program, FY 79, FOVA.

108. Bruce Guisti, Final Report Environmental Living Program. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Fort Clatsop National Monument, June 11, 1980, D52 Urban Initiative Program, FY 79, FOVA.

109. Letter, James M. Thomson to Vancouver School district, February l, 1984, K1815, Interpretive Activities and Services, FOVA.

110. Memorandum, John A. Rutter, Director Western Service Center, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, June 16, 1971, K1817, Interpretive Prospectus, FOVA.

111. United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site: interpretive prospectus, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1971), p. 8.

112. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site: interpretive prospectus, p. 13. It is interesting to read a letter from John Hussey of June 26, 1974 to Robert C. Amdor which comments on some of the scripts to be used for these background "audio vignettes." Hussey found the free-wheeling manner a little too loose with historical facts.

113. 1983 edition, "Annual Statement for Interpretation and Visitor Services, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," approved June 23, 1981, [updated March, 1983] by Daniel J. Tobin, Regional Director.

114. Superintendent Annual Report, 1972, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2621 Superintendents Reports, FRC Seattle.

115. Superintendent Annual Report, 1974, Acc. no. 83-0005-10, Box l, H2621 Super. reports 1974, FRC Seattle.

116. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie to Regional Director, November 27, 1974, D52 Contract Georgeson and Co., Inc., FY 74, FOVA.

117. Memorandum, Robert C. Amdor, Park Ranger, to Superintendent, January 20, 1975, D52 Contract Georgeson and Co., Inc. FY74, FOVA.

118. "Order for Prevention" United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Respondent, January 21, 1975, D52 Contract Georgeson and Co., Inc., FY74, FOVA.

119. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie, Superintendent, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, February 24, 1975, Acc. no, 84-0005-6, Box 6, D22, FRC Seattle.

120. Memorandum, Donald Gillespie to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, September 8, 1976, Acc. no. 84-0005-6, Box 6, D22, FRC Seattle.

121. The Columbian, May 17, 1977.

122. Memorandum, Daniel R. Kuehn, Associate Regional Director, to Superintendent, July 27, 1981, H232, Furnishings, General, FOVA; and memorandum, Glenn Baker, Park Safety Officer, to Superintendent, May 28, 1987, K1815 Interpretive Activities and Services, FOVA.

123. Memorandum, James Thomson to Blacksmith Darrig and V.I.P. blacksmiths, July 22, 1987, A56, FOVA policy statements, FOVA.

124. "Situation Review Fort Vancouver National Historic Site," February 8, 1979, p. 4, A5427, PNRO.

125. Orchard Policy, James M. Thomson, Superintendent, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, August 21, 1979, A56, Fova Policy Statements, FOVA.

126. Memorandum, James Thomson, Superintendent, to Associate Director, Operations, Pacific Northwest Region, November 13, 1987, K18, Interpretive Activities, FOVA.

127. Memorandum, David P. Herrera, Superintendent, to Regional Director, Attn: Office of Planning, October l, 1990, A2615 Report PN Congressional Delegation, FOVA.

128. Superintendent Annual Report, 1980, February 3, 1981, A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, FOVA.

129. See, for example, Memorandum, Candlelight Tour Coordinators to candlelight tour participants, September 17, 1990, A82, Candlelight Tour, FOVA.

l30. Robert Appling and Glenn Baker, "Showing our Stuff: a Proposal for Awakening Fort Vancouver's Latent Constituency," 1987?, L38 Pearson Airpark, misc., FOVA.

131. "Estimated Costs for Furnishings for Fur Store, FOVA," D22 Fur Store Folder #1, FOVA.

1. Confidential memorandum, John C. Preston to Director, Region Four, April 26, 1948, and memorandum, John C. Preston to Regional Director, March 13, 1950, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

2. Memorandum, O.A. Tomlinson, Regional Director, to the National Park Service Director, November l, 1949, Box 290, file 602, NA San Bruno.

3. Memorandum, Louis R. Caywood, Archeologist, to Director, Region Four, July 28, 1948, Box 290, file 620, NA San Bruno.

4. Louis Caywood, Monthly Report for January, 1950, February 3, 1950, Box 291, 740- 02, NA San Bruno.

5. Memorandum, Archeologist, Fort Vancouver, to Administrative Assistant, December 7, 1949, Box 289, file 201, NA San Bruno.

6. Memorandum, Regional Director to Region Four Office personnel, January 26, 1950, Box 289, file 201, NA San Bruno.

7. Memorandum, Regional Director to John C. Preston, Superintendent, Mount Rainier National Park, March 21, 1950, file 201, Jerry Wagers notecards, FOVA.

8. Telephone interview with Frank Hjort, August 23, 1991.

9. Superintendent Report, February 1955, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume l, 1953-1959, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967).

10. Letter, John A. Hussey to Jane T. Merritt, August 6, 1992.

11. Superintendent Report, October 1955, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume l, p. 48.

12. Superintendent report, March 1957, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume l, p. 81.

13. "Park Operations Outlines," Vol. I, Chapter 4, June 1960 p. 2, in Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Fort Vancouver National Monument, MISSION 66 Edition, National Park Service, Fort Vancouver National Monument, Acc no. 67A1086, Box l, Master Plans, FRC San Bruno.

14. The Columbian, no date, newspaper clippings file, FOVA.

15. The Columbian, July 3, 1963.

16. Superintendent Report, August 1963, in Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Volume 3, 1963 to 1964, (Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 38.

17. Superintendent Report, December 1964, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report, Volume 3, p. 118.

18. Telephone interview with Eliot Davis, September 3, 1991.

19. The Columbian, January 4, 1966.

20. Superintendent report, July 1965, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. Volume 4. 1965 to 1967, Vancouver, Washington: Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1967), p. 35.

21. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Management Appraisal Report, May 19-20, 1965, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 3, A5427, FRC Seattle.

22. Superintendent report, October 1966, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume 4, p. 136.

23. The Columbian, November 4, 1966.

24. The Columbian, December 5, 1968.

25. Letter, Howard R. Stagner, Assistant Director National Park Service, to Representative Wendell Wyatt, November 17, 1966, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, H30, FRC Seattle.

26. Superintendent report, January 1966, Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report. Volume 4, p. 70.

27. Memorandum, Eliot Davis, superintendent, to Director, Northwest District, July 14, 1969, Acc. no. 83-0002-6, Box 2, A 6435, FRC Seattle.

28. Junior Ranger Agreement, signed April 11, 1965, Acc. no. 74-A207, Box 5, K1815, FRC Seattle.

29. Letter, George Hartzog to Richard W. Becker, September 22, 1965, Acc. no. 74- A207, Box 5, K1815, FRC Seattle.

30. Memorandum, Charles K. Gadd, Acting Superintendent, to Regional Director, Western Region, September 2, 1969, Acc. no. 83-0002-6, Box 2, A6435, FRC Seattle.

31. Memorandum, Eliot Davis to Superintendent Schmidt, New York City National Park Service Group, November 17, 1969, Acc. no. 83-0002-6, Box 2, A6435, FRC Seattle.

32. Telephone interview with Eliot Davis, September 3, 1991.

33. Memorandum, Glen E. Henderson, Acting Superintendent, to Director, Pacific Northwest Region, July 17, 1972, Acc. no. 83-0002-6, Box 2, A6435, FRC Seattle.

34. Interview with Donald Gillespie, August 28, 1991.

35. Interview with Donald Gillespie, August 28, 1991.

36. The Columbian November 27, 1973.

37. Letter, Robert C. Amdor to Portland Community College, December 20, 1973, D52 Portland Community College 1974, FOVA.

38. Interview with David Hansen, July 15, 1992.

39. Interview with Donald Gillespie, August 28, 1991.

40. Interview with James M. Thomson, August 27, 1991.

41. Interview with Dave Herrera, July 15, 1992.

42. Interview with Dave Herrera, July 15, 1992.

43. Interview with Dave Herrera, July 15, 1992.