Battles on the Rio Grande
General Zachary Taylor With the outbreak of hostilities at Rancho de Carricitos, both the U.S. and Mexican armies accepted that war had commenced and neither waited for a formal declaration. Mexican General Arista began shuttling troops across the Rio Grande to besiege the isolated U.S. post, Fort Texas.With hostilities underway, Mexican General Arista began shuttling troops across the river to besiege the isolated U.S. post, Fort Texas. U.S. General Taylor expected just such a move. On May 1, 1846, he marched to Point Isabel, a portage area on the Gulf of Mexico to meet an incoming naval fleet carrying supplies needed to withstand a prolonged siege. He left behind Major Jacob Brown, the U.S. Seventh Infantry, and portions of the Third Artillery—some 550 men—to hold the post on the river. Arista was not able to prevent Taylor’s departure for the coast, but moved quickly to surround the U.S. outpost. On May 3, 1846, Mexican artillery opened fire on Fort Texas from all directions, hoping to force a quick surrender of the defenders. General Taylor soon marched to assist his besieged men. After pausing to improve defenses at his supply depot, known as Fort Polk, on May 7 he set out with 2,300 troops and 200 supply wagons to break the siege of Fort Texas. General Arista moved to block this advance, positioning 3,200 troops across the Matamoros road as it crossed the broad prairie of Palo Alto. There, on the afternoon of May 8, 1846, he engaged the U.S. force in a fierce artillery battle—the first major clash of the war. 
General Mariano Arista Mexican forces stood their ground but suffered heavy casualties.And, on the morning of May 9, General Arista withdrew several miles to the brush covered banks of Resaca de la Palma. Taylor’s troops pursued the Mexican forces and engaged them that afternoon in the battle of Resaca de la Palma. There, U.S. soldiers overran Arista’s lines, forced Mexican troops to retreat across the Rio Grande, and ended the six-day siege of Fort Texas. On May 18, 1846, Taylor’s troops forded the Rio Grande and entered the city of Matamoros. The occupation took place without a fight. Mexican forces had determined that the city could not be defended and had withdrawn down the roadway leading to Monterrey. The lower Rio Grande Valley had been conceded to the U.S. Army. A Mexican War Overview |
Did You Know?
Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park is the only unit of the National Park Service designated to focus on the war between the United States and Mexico.