Reference Materials:

Ashurst, John, The Technology and Use of Hydraulic
Lime, from the Building Conservation Directory, 1997.

Beall, Christine, The Many Differences Between Concrete and Masonry Technology, Architecture, April, 1989.

Hagstrom, Carl, "Demystifying Mortar", The Journal of Light Construction, April 1989. A summary of the article and ordering information is available online. The article can be purchased from the Journal of Light Construction website for $5.00.

Historical Timeline of Concrete

O'Hare, Graham, Lime Mortars and Renders: The Relative Merits of Adding Cement, from the Building Conservation Directory, 1995.

Sedgwick, J. "Strong But Sensitive" The Atlantic Monthly Vol. 267, No. 4, April 1991, pp 70-82.

Taylor, John, Lime: The Basics from Historic Churches 2000.

Preservation Brief #1: Robert C. Mack, FAIA
Anne Grimmer, The Cleaning and Waterproof Coating of Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief #2: Robert C. Mack, FAIA, and John P. Speweik, Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief #6: Anne E. Grimmer, Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning to Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief #15: William B. Coney, AIA, Preservation of Historic Concrete Problems and General Approaches

Preservation Brief #38: Martin E. Weaver, Removing Graffiti from Historic Masonry

The Tech Notes listed below are available free of charge at:

http://www2.cr.nps.gov/freepubs.htm

Tech Note Masonry No. 1: Substitute Materials: Replacing Deteriorated Serpentine Stone with Pre-Cast Concrete," by Robert M. Powers. (1988)

Tech Note Masonry No. 2: Stabilization and Repair of a Historic Terra Cotta Cornice," by Jeffrey Levine and Donna Harris. (1991)

Tech Note Masonry No. 3: Water Soak Cleaning of Limestone," by Robert M. Powers. (1992)

Tech Note Masonry No. 4: Non-destructive Evaluation Techniques for Masonry Construction," by Marilyn E. Kaplan, Marie Ennis and Edmund P. Meade. (1997)