In the field of preservation, the term "agent of deterioration" is used to identify the different types of things that can harm or degrade an object.
Agents can be:
light damage - both visible and ultraviolet rays can harm artifacts by fading objects and breaking down fibers.
pest problems - many artifacts are considered a great meal by bugs and rodents, or they are used as nesting material.
environment - dirt, dust, gaseous pollutants, and body oils all affect artifacts by breaking down the object or by attracting other dirt to the objects.
temperature and humidity - severe fluctuations can cause warping and shrinkage as well as mold, mildew and rust.
storage - using proper materials and equipment to store objects can add hundreds of years to the life of an object.
security and fire protection - utilizing proper human and electronic security and fire protection systems prevent harm or reduce harm that can come to an object