Amphibians span the globe with 4,800 species worldwide, 193 of which live in North America. They are divided into three orders; Anura (frogs and toads), Apoda (caecilians), and Caudata (salamanders and newts). 

Amphibians evolved from life in the water. Their thin skin enables them to breathe and drink through the entire surface of their bodies. It also makes them highly susceptible to desiccation or drying out; that's why not many are found in the desert. Most amphibians require water in which to lay their eggs. The larval form of frogs and toads is called a tadpole, a free-swimming organism that breathes with gills. Adult frogs and toads do not possess a tail and are the most vocal of all amphibians.

Amphibian species throughout the world are in decline. Loss of habitat through logging, and draining of wetlands has irreparably harmed their populations. Even in protected, seemingly pristine areas, their numbers have decreased. Their thin skin makes them more susceptible to pollutants. Some biologists speculate that increased ultraviolet radiation caused by the depletion of the ozone layer has also adversely effected amphibians.

Liz Gallegos

Red spotted toad

Red-spotted toad
The red-spotted toad (Bufo punctatus) is a member of Bufonidae, the true toad family. Although there is no scientific distinction, toads tend to have warty skin which is drier than that of frogs, relatively shorter hind limbs for hopping and walking, and spend more time on dry land. The red-spotted toad is an adept climber and may be found on or among rocks.

Pacific treefrog
The pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) is a member of Hylidae, the treefrog family. Frogs generally have smoother skin than toads, longer hind limbs for leaping and climbing, and spend more time in the water. Contrary to its name, the pacific treefrog is a ground-dweller and is usually found near water among low vegetation.