Keweenaw National Historical Park - Keweenaw National Historical Park General Management Plan (U.S. National Park Service)

Introduction 5
   Brief Description of the Park 5
   Establishment of the National Historical Park and the Advisory Commission 7
              The Park 7
              The Commission and Its Operating Authorities 7
   Cooperating Sites 8

Planning Considerations and Process 13
   Purpose of and Need for the Plan 13
   Purposes of the National Historical Park 13
   Significance of the Park 14
   Current Issues 14
              The Commission's Operating Authorities 14
              Resource Management 15
              Park Integrity and Community Growth 15
              Community Impacts 15
              Park Staffing 15
              Partnership Coordination 15
              Cooperative Agreements 16
              Visitor Experience 16
              Boundary Concerns 16
              NPS Acquisition or Management of Contaminaled Property 16
   Planning Assumptions 17
   Management Objectives 17
              Inteterpretation 17
              Resource Preservation 17
              Education 17
              Visitor Safety 18
              Partnerships 18
              Research 18
   Interpretive Goals 18
           Primary Interpretive Themes 19
              People's Lives 19
              Labor Management Relations 20
              Corporate Paternalism 20
              Mining Technology 20
              Geology and Mining 20
              Natural Resources 20
   Desired Visitor Experience 20
              Orientation 20
              Quincy 21
              Calumet 21
              Cooperating Sites 24
   Relationship to Other Planning Efforts 24

THE ALTERNATIVES, INCLUDING THE PROPOSED ACTION

Introduction 29

Actions Common to All Alternatives 30
   Commission Operating Authority 30
   Cooperating Sites / Cooperative Agreements 30
              Cooperating Sites 30
              Cooperative Agreements 30
   Acquisition of Property 31
   Relationship to Isle Royale National Park 32
   Osceola #13 Complex 32
   Management Zoning 32
   Carrying Capacity 32

Alternative 1 - Continuation of Existing Management Circumstances (No Action) 33
Concept 33
Visitor Experience and Interpretation 33
Financial and Technical Assistance 33
              Local Preservation Ordinances 33
              Other Assistance Efforts 33
NPS Acquisition of Properties 33
Development and Use of Acquired Structures 33
Park Administration and Operation 34
  Implementation, Staffing, and Costs 34
              Implementation 34
             Staffing 34
              Costs 34

Alternative 2 - Community Assistance 35
Concept 35
Visitor Experience and Interpretation 35
Financial and Technical Assistance 36
              Local Preservation Ordinances 36
              Other Assistance Efforts 36
NPS Acquisition of Properties 36
Development and Use of Acquired Structures 37
Park Administration and Operation 37
Implementation, Staffing, and Costs 37
              Implementation 37
              Staffing 37
              Costs 38

Alternative 3 - Traditional Park in the Core Industrial Areas 43
Concept 43
Visitor Experience and Interpretation 43
Financial and Technical Assistance 43
              Local Preservation Ordinances 43
              Other Assistance Efforts 43
NPS Acquisition of Properties 44
Development and Use of Acquired Structures 44
Park Administration and Operation 44
Implementation, Staffing, and Costs 49
              Implementation 49
              Staffing 49
              Costs 49

Alternative 4 - The Proposed Action 50
Concept 50
Visitor Experience and Interpretation 50
Financial and Technical Assistance 51
              Local Preservation Ordinances 51
              Other Assistance Efforts 51
NPS Acquisition of Properties 52
Development and Use of Acquired Structures 52
Park Administration and Operation 52
Implementation, Staffing, and Costs 57
              Implementation 57
              Staffing 57
              Costs 57

A Partnership for the Park and Peninsula - the Foundation 67
The Basis for the Partnership - Legislated Responsibilities of the Advisory Commission 67
The Concept of Partnership 68
An Adjunct, Not-for-Profit Corporation 70

Future Plans and Studies Needed 71

Alternative Considered and Rejected - Major NPS Ownership 76

AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

Physical Setting and Description 79
Location 79
Access 79
Physiography 79
The Keweenaw Peninsula 79

Cultural Resources and Related Areas 80
The Quincy Unit 80
              Industrial Core Area 80
              The Quincy Smelter 82
              Management-Related Buildings 82
              Worker Housing Areas 83
The Calumet Unit 83
              Calumet and Hecla (C & H) Mining Company 84
              Corporate and Industrial Core Area 84
              Worker Housing Districts 89
              Calumet Village Civic and Commercial Area 89
              Calumet Village Residential Area 91
Related Areas 92
              Torch Lake 92
              Cliff Mine Site 92
              Painesdale National Historic District 92

Natural Resources 93
Climate 93
Geology 93
Soils/Vegetation 93
Wetlands/Floodplains 93
Wildlife 94
Threatened and Endangered Species 94
Air Quality 94
Hazardous Substances 94

Regional Visitor Use and Facilities 96
Current Visitor Use and Interpretation 96
Cooperating Sites 97
Visitor Use Statistics and Analysis 97
Future Visitor Use of the Park 97
Major Recreational Resources of the Keweenaw Peninsula 99

Regional Land Use 102
Ownership Patterns 102
Local Historic District Ordinances 102
Future Potential Land Uses 103
Potential for Coordinated Planning of Resource and/or Visitor Use Management with Adjacent Land Management Agencies 103

The Socioeconomic Environment 105
County and Regional Characteristics - Overview 105
Population 105
Economy 105
Transportation/Access 109

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

Impacts Common to All Alternatives 113
Impacts on Cultural Resources 113
Impacts on Natural Resources 113
               Threatened and Endangered Species 113
               Soils and Hydrology 113
Impacts on the Socioeconomic Environment 114
Impacts on Visitor Experience and Interpretation 114
Impacts on Park Administration and Management 114
              Proposed Legislative Changes 114
              Possible Acquisition or Management of Contaminated Properties 114

Impacts of Implementing Alternative 1 - No Action 117
Impacts on Cultural Resources 117
Impacts on Natural Resources 117
Impacts on the Socioeconomic Environment 117
Impacts on Visitor Experience and Interpretation 117
Impacts on Park Administration and Management 118

Impacts of Implementing Alternative 2 - Community Assistance 119
Impacts on Cultural Resources 119
Impacts on Natural Resources 119
Impacts on the Socioeconomic Environment 119
Impacts on Visitor Experience and Interpretation 120
Impacts on Park Administration and Management 121

Impacts of Implementing Alternative 3 - Traditional Park 122
Impacts on Cultural Resources 122
Impacts on Natural Resources 122
Impacts on the Socioeconomic Environment 122
Impacts on Visitor Experience and Interpretation 123
Impacts on Park Administration and Management 123

Impacts of Implementing Alternative 4 - Proposed Action 124
Impacts on Cultural Resources 124
Impacts on Natural Resources 124
Impacts on the Socioeconomic Environment 124
Impacts on Visitor Experience and Interpretation 125
Cumulative Impacts 125
Impacts on Park Administration and Management 126
Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources 126
Relationship Between the Local Short-term Use of the Environment and the Maintenance and
Enhancement of Long-term Productivity 126
Unavoidable Adverse Impacts 127
Energy Requirements and Conservation Potential 127
Compliance with Federal and State Laws, Executive Orders, and Regulations 128
Consultation and Coordination 133

APPENDIXES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

A: History and Cultural Resources: Copper on the Keweenaw 163
B: Legislation 173
C: Cooperating Sites 181
D: Primary and Secondary Interpretive Themes and Supporting Stories 183
E: Interpretive Planning - The Next Steps 186
F: Quincy Mine Hoist Association Development Plan 188
G: Calumet Village and Calumet Township Concept Development Plan 191
H: Some Thoughts for the Commission and Partnership to Consider during Preparation of a
Comprehensive Management Plan for the Commission 211

Selected Bibliography 213

Preparers and Consultants 216

Index 218

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