Ice Age Floods
Study of Alternatives
Appendix A—Reference List


 

Alexander, David. Natural Disasters. NY: Chapman and Hall, 1993.

Allen, John Eliot. Magnificent Gateway. Forest Grove, Oregon, 1979.

—————. Burns, Marjorie, and Samuel C. Sargent. Cataclysms on the Columbia. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1986.

Allison, I. S. “New Version of the Spokane Flood,” in Fryxell, Roald and Cook, Earl F. eds., A Field Guide to the Loess Deposits and Channeled Scablands of the Palouse Area, Eastern Washington: Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Division Archaeology Geochronology, Lab Anthropology, 1964.

—————. “Flint’s Fill Hypothesis for Channeled Scabland.” Journal of Geology, v.49, 1941.

Alt, David, and Donald W. Hyndman. Roadside Geology of Oregon. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1978.

—————. and Donald W. Hyndman. Roadside Geology of Washington. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1984.

—————. and Donald W. Hyndman. Roadside Geology of Montana. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1986.

—————. and Donald W. Hyndman. Roadside Geology of Idaho. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1989.

—————. and Donald W. Hyndman. Northwest Exposures: A Geologic Story of the Northwest. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1995.

Bacon, Charles R. “Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Oregon,” in Hill, M. L., (ed.), Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America, Centennial Field Guide Volume 1. The Geological Society of America, 1987.

Bailey, R. A., C. D. Miller, and K. Sieh. “Quaternary Volcanism of Long Valley Caldera and Mono-Inyo Craters, Eastern California.” American Geophysical Union, Field Trip Guidebook T313, 1989.

Baker, V. R., ed. Catastrophic Flooding; The Origin of the Channeled Scabland: Stroudssburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, 1981.

—————. “Dry Falls of the Channeled Scabland, Washington,” in Hill, Mason L., ed., Centennial Field Guide 1. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1987.

—————. “Mega Floods and Glaciation,” in Martini, I.P., Late Glacial and Postglacial Environmental Changes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

—————. “Paleohydrology and Sedimentology of Lake Missoula Flooding in Eastern Washington,” Geological Society of America Special Paper 144: 1973.

—————. “Peak Flows for Cataclysmic Floods,” in NASA, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program—1987, NASA Technical Memorandum 4041. Washington, DC: NASA, 1988.

—————. “The Grand Coulee and Dry Falls,” in Breckenridge, R. M. (Leader), Glacial Geology and Geomorphology of North America; Volume 1, “Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scabland,” in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress: Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1989.

—————. “The Spokane Flood Controversy,” in V. R. Baker and D. Nummedal, eds., The Channeled Scabland. Washington, DC: NASA, 1978.

—————. “Quaternary Geology of the Channeled Scabland and Adjacent Areas,” in V. R. Baker and D. Nummedal, eds., The Channeled Scabland. Washington, DC: NASA, 1978.

—————. “Paleohydraulics and Hydrodynamics of The Scabland Floods,” in V. R. Baker and D. Nummedal, eds., The Channeled Scabland. Washington, DC: NASA, 1978.

—————. “Large-scale Erosional and Depositional Features of the Channeled Scabland.” In V. R. Baker and D. Nummedal, eds., The Channeled Scabland. Washington, DC: NASA, 1978.

—————. The Channels of Mars. University of Texas Press, 1982.

—————. “Joseph Thomas Pardee and the Spokane Flood Controversy,” GSA Today, Vol. 5. No. 9, September 1995: 169–173.

—————. and Russel C. Bunker. “Cataclysmic Late Pleistocene Flooding from Glacial Lake Missoula; A Review” in Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 4, n. 1, 1985: 1–41.

—————. and D. Nummedal, eds., The Channeled Scabland; A Guide to the Geomorphology of the Columbia Basin, Washington: Washington, DC: NASA, 1978.

Barkun, Michael. “Disaster in History,” in Mass Emergencies, v.2, 1977: 219–231.

Bento, Geraldo. “Energy Expenditure and Geomorphic Work of the Cataclysmic Missoula Flooding in the Columbia River Gorge, USA.” Earth Science Processes and Landforms 22, 1997: 457–472.

Beeson, Marvin H. “Columbia River Gorge: The Geologic Evolution of the Columbia River in Northwestern Oregon and Southwestern Washington,” in Hill, M. L., ed., 1987, Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America, Centennial Field Guide Volume 1. The Geological Society of America, 1987.

Berren, Michael R., et al. “A Typology for the Classification of Disasters,” in Community Mental Health Journal, v.16, 1980: 103–120.

Behrens, Greg W., and Phillip J. Hansen. “Grand Coulee Dam,” in Nancy L. Joseph, Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas, Information Circular. State of Washington, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources, 1989: 355–369.

Bentley, R. D. “Stratigraphy of the Yakima Basalts and Structural Evolution of the Yakima Ridges in the Western Columbia Plateau,” in Brown, E. H. and R. C. Ellis, eds., Geological Excursions in the Pacific Northwest. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1977: 339–390.

Bonnichsen, Bill, R. L. Christiansen, L. A. Morgan, F. J. Moye, W. R. Hackett, W. P. Leeman, Norio Honjo, M. D. Jenks, and M. M. Godchaux. “Excursion 4A; Silicic Volcanic Rocks In The Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Plateauprovince,” in Charles E. Chapin, and Jiri Zidek, eds., Field Excursions to Volcanic Terranes in the Western United States, volume II, Cascades and Intermountain West., Memoir 47. Socorro, NM: New Mexico, Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, 1989: 135–182.

Bourriau, Janine (ed.). Understanding Catastrophe: Its Impact on Life on Earth. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Breckenridge, R. M. (leader). “Glacial Geology and Geomorphology of North America,” in Glacial Geology and Geomorphology of
North America;
Volume 1, “Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scabland,” in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress: Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1989.

—————. “Lower Glacial Lakes Missoula and Clark Fork Ice Dams,” in R. M. Breckenridge, (leader), Glacial Geology and Geomorphology of North America; Volume 1, “Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scabland,” in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress: Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1989.

Bretz, J H. “Alternate Hypotheses for Channeled Scabland,” Journal of Geology, v.36, 1928: 193–223, 312–341.

—————. “Bars of Channeled Scabland,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.39, 1928: 643–702.

—————. “The Channeled Scabland Of The Columbia Plateau,” Journal of Geology, v.31, 1923: 617–649.

—————. “The Channeld Scabland of Eastern Washington,” Geographical Review, v.18, 1928: 446–477.

—————. “Channeled Scabland and the Spokane Flood,” Journal of Washington Academy of Sciences, v.18, 1927: 200–211.

—————. “Glacial Drainage on the Columbia Plateau,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.34, 1923: 573–608.

—————. “The Spokane Flood: A Reply,” Journal of Geology, v.35, 1927: 461–468.

—————. “The Lake Missoula Floods and the Channeled Scabland,” Journal of Geology, v.77, 1969: 505–543.

—————. “Lake Missoula and the Spokane Flood,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.41, 1930: 92–93.

—————. “The Grand Coulee,” American Geographical Society, Special Publication 15, 1932: 1–89.

—————. The Channeled Scabland Guidebook. International Geological Congress, 1932.

—————. “The Spokane Flood Beyond the Channeled Scablands,” Journal of Geology, v.33, 1925: 97–115, 236–259.

—————. “Valley Deposits Immediately East of the Channeled Scabland Of Washington,” Journal of Geology, v.37, 1929: 393–427, 505–541.

—————. “Valley Deposits Immediately West of the Channeled Scabland,” Journal of Geology, v.38, 1930: 385–422.

—————. H. T. U. Smith, and G. E. Neff. “Channeled Scabland Of Washington—New Data and Interpretations,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.67, 1956: 957–1049.

—————. H. T. U. Smith, and G. E. Neff. “Bretz’s Flood Hypothesis (1923–1932),” in Roald Fryxell, and Earl F. Cook, eds,. A Field Guide to the Loess Deposits and Channeled Scablands of the Palouse Area, Eastern Washington, Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Division Archaeological Geochronology, Lab Anthropology, 1964: 9–11.

Brown, Donald J. and R. K. Ledgerwood. “Stratigraphy and Structure of Yakima Basalt in the Pasco Basin, Washington,” in Geologic Field Trips in Northern Oregon and Southern Washington: Trip 6 Oregon, Bulletin 77. Portland, OR: Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1973: 171–181.

Brown, E. H., and R. C. Ellis, eds., Geological Excursions in the Pacific Northwest. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1977.

Bryant, E. A. Natural Hazards. New York: Cambridge Univesity Press, 1991.

Bunker, R. C. “Evidence of Multiple Late-Wisconsin Floods from Glacial Lake Missoula in Badger Coulee, Washington,” Quat. Res., 18, 1982: 17–31.

Burton Ian, Robert W. Kates, and Gilbert F. White. The Environment as Hazard (2nd Edition). New York: Guilford Press, 1993.

Busacca, Alan J., Eric V. McDonald, and Victor R. Baker. “The Record of Pre-Late Wisconsin Floods and Late Wisconsin Flood Features in the Cheney-Palouse Scabland” in R. M. Breckenridge, (leader), Glacial Geology and Geomorphology of North America, Volume 1, Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scabland, in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress: Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 1989: 57–62.

Carson, Robert J; Terry L. Tolan, and Stephen P. Reidel. “Geology of the Vantage Area, South-Central Washington: An Introduction to the Miocene Flood Basalts, Yakima Fold Belt, and the Channeled Scabland” in Hill, Mason L., ed., Centennial Field Guide 1. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1987: 357–362.

Chambers, Richard L. and Robert R. Curry. “Glacial Lake Missoula; Sedimentary Evidence for Multiple Drainages,” in R. M. Breckenridge, (leader), Glacial Geology and Geomorphology of North America, Volume 1, Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scabland, in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress: Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 1989: 3–11.

Clague, J. J. and W. H. Mathews. “The Magnitude of Jökulhlaups,” Journal of Glaciology, 12, 1973: 501–504.

Cochrane, H.C. Natural Hazards: Their Distributed Effects. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, 1975.

Corliss, William R. Unknown Earth: A Handbook of Geological Enigmas. Glen Arm, MD: The Sourcebook Project, 1980.

Crithfield, June. Of Yesterday and the River. Pullman, WA: University Extension Service, 1973.

Daubenmire, R. F. Steppe Vegetation of Washington. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Cooperative Extension, 1970.

Department of Geology. Glacial Geology of Flathead Valley and Catastrophic Drainage of Glacial Lake Missoula: Field Guide No. 4. Missoula, MT: Department of Geology, University of Montana: 1977: 38.

Devlin, Sherry. “12,000-Year-Old Story Tells of 2,000-Foot Dam, Flood—Geologist Gives Officials Account of How Glacial Lake Missoula Unleashed Cataclysmic Destruction,” in The Missoulian, Sunday, July 19, 1998.

Driver, Leslie Ann; Eric Vernon Hansen, and Kimberly Ann Smith. “Field Trip Guide to the Eastern Portion of the Channeled Scablands in Washington State,” The Compass, v.71, n.3, 1995: 102–111.

Easterbrook, D. J., V. R. Baker, and R. Waitt. “Glaciation and Catastrophic Flooding of the Columbia Plateau, Washington,” in Brown, E. H. and R. C. Ellis, eds., Geological Excursions in the Pacific Northwest. Boulder, CO, 1977: 390–414.

Ficken, Robert E., and Charles P. LeWarne. Washington A Centennial History. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1989.

Flint, Richard Foster. “Origin of the Cheney-Palouse Scabland Tract, Washington,” in Fryxell, Roald and Earl F. Cook eds., A Field Guide to the Loess Deposits and Channeled Scablands of the Palouse Area, Eastern Washington. Pullman, WA.: Washington State University, Division of Archaeological Geochronology, Lab Anthropology, 1964: 6–7.

—————. “Origin of the Cheney-Palouse Scabland Tract, Washington,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.48, 1938: 203–232.

Frazier, Kendrick. The Violent Face of Nature: Severe Phenomena and Natural Disasters. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1979.

Freeman, Otis W. “The Snake River Canyon,” Geographical Review, XXVII, October 1938: 597–608.

Fryxell, Roald and Earl F. Cook, eds. A Field Guide To The Loess Deposits And Channeled Scablands Of The Palouse Area, Eastern Washington. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Division of Archaeological Geochronology, Lab Anthropology, 1964: 32.

—————. and Earl F. Cook. “Road Log for Field Trip Through the Channeled Scablands and Loess Deposits of the Palouse Area, Eastern Washington,” in Fryxell, Roald and Earl F. Cook, eds. A Field Guide To The Loess Deposits And Channeled Scablands Of The Palouse Area, Eastern Washington. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Division of Archaeological Geochronology, Lab Anthropology, 1964: 12-29.

Galster, R. W., Alan S. Imrie, John W. Sager, and Fred J. Miklancic. Engineering Geology of Major Dams on the Columbia River, No. T382, IGC Field Trip Guidebooks Series: Washington, American Geophysical Union, 1989.

Gould, S. J. “The Great Scabland Debate.” Natural History, 87 (7), 1978:12–18.

Hammond, Paul. “Guide to Geology of the Cascade Range: Portland, Oregon to Seattle, Washington,” American Geophysical Union, Field Trip Guidebook T306, 1989.

Hanson, Larry G. “The Columbia Valley and Columbia River Gorge,” in R. M. Breckenridge, (leader), Glacial geology and geomorphology of North America, Volume 1, Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scabland, in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress: Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 1989: 63–67.

Harden, Blaine. A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996.

Harris, Stephen L. Agents of Chaos. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1990.

Hill, M. L., (ed.). “Cordilleran,” in Geological Society of America, Centennial Field Guide Volume 1. The Geological Society of America, 1987.

Hines, H. K. An Illustrated History of the State of Washington. Chicago: Leis Publishing Co. 1894.

Hobbs, W. H. “Discovery in Eastern Washington of a New Lobe of the Pleistocene Continental Glacier.” Science, v.98, 1943: 227–230.

—————. The Glacial History of the Scabland and Okanogan Lobes, Cordilleran Continental Glacier. Ann Arbor, MI: J. W. Edwards, privately printed, 1947.

Hodge, E. T. “Origin of the Washington Scabland.” Northwest Science, v.8, 1934: 4–11.

Hooper, Peter R. and Stephen P. Reidel. “Dikes and Vents Feeding the Columbia River Basalts,” in Nancy L. Joseph, Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas. Information Circular: State of Washington, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources, 1989: 255–273.

Imbrie, John, and Katherine Palmer Imbrie. Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery. Short Hills, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 1979.

Johansen, Dorothy. ed. Empire of the Columbia. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.

John, Brian Stephen. The Ice Age: Past and Present. London: Collins 1977.

Johnston, D. A., and J. Donnelly-Nolan, eds. Guides to Some Volcanic Terranes in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and Northern California. USGS Circular 838, 1981.

Kiver, Eugene P. “Lake Missoula Floods and the Channeled Scabland,” in Nancy L. Joseph, Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas. Information Circular. State of Washington, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources, 1989: 307–308.

—————. and Dale F. Stradling. “The Spokane Valley and Northern Columbia Plateau,” in R. M. Breckenridge, (leader), Glacial Geology and Geomorphology of North America, Volume 1, Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scabland, in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress: Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 1989: 23–35.

Luedke, R. G., and R. L. Smith, Map Showing Distribution, Composition, and Age of Late Cenozoic Volcanic Centers in Oregon and Washington, Miscellaneous Investigations Series. I-1091-D: Restion, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1982.

MacDonald, Eric V. and Alan J. Busacca. “Record of Pre-Late Wisconsin Floods and of Late Wisconsin Flood Features in the Cheny-Palouse Scabland; Trip C,” in Nancy L. Joseph, Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas. Information Circular. State of Washington, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources, 1989: 337–346.

Maybury, Robert H. (Ed.). Violent Forces of Nature. Mt. Airy MD: Lomond Publications, Inc., 1986.

McGregor, A., The Agricultural Development of the Columbia Plateau: McGregor Land and Livestock Company. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International. 1977.

McKee, Bates. “The Northwestern Part of the Columbia Plateau,” in McKee, Bates, and Howard Coombs, eds., Guidebook to Field Trips; Seattle, WA: Assoc. Eng. Geologists, 1968: 4–10.

McKnight, E. T. “The Spokane Flood: A Discussion.” Journal of Geology, v.35, 1927: 453–460.

Meinig, D. W. The Great Columbia Plain: A Historical Geography, 1805-1910. Reprint: Seattle, 1995.

Miller, Maynard M. “Recent Climatic Variations, Their Causes and Neogene Perspectives,” in Smiley, Charles J., ed., Late Cenozoic History of the Pacific Northwest; Interdisciplinary Studies on the Clarkia Fossil Beds of Northern Idaho, 1985: 357–414.

Molenaar, Dee. “The Spokane Aquifer, Washington: Its Geologic Origin and Water-Bearing and Water-Quantity Characteristics.” USGS Water-Supply Paper 2265, 1983.

Morton, Ron L. Music of the Earth: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and other Geological Wonders. New York: Plenum Press, 1996.

Mueller, Marge, and Ted Mueller. Fire, Faults, and Floods: A Road and Trail Guide Exploring the Origins of the Columbia River Basin. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Press, 1997.

Mullan, J. “Miners And Travelers’ Guide to Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado via the Missouri and Columbia Rivers,” in the collection Billington, R. A., ed., The Far Western Frontier. New York: Arno Press, 1973.

Mullineaux, D. R., R. E. Wilcox, W. F. Ebaugh, R.. Fryxell, and M. Rubin, “Age of the Last Major Scabland Flood of the Columbia Plateau in Eastern Washington,” Quat. Res., 10, 1978: 171–180.

National Geographic Society. “Raging Forces: Earth in Upheaval.” Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1995.

National Research Council (U.S.). Division of Earth Sciences. Glacial map of North America. Geological Society of America. Special paper 60: Waverly Press, 1978.

Nummedal, D. “Aerial Field Guide,” in Baker, V. R. and Nummedal, D., eds., The Channeled Scabland. Washington, DC: NASA, 1978: 169–171.

—————. “Field Trip Stop Descriptions,” in Baker, V. R. and Nummedal, D., eds., The Channeled Scabland. Washington, DC: NASA, 1978: 131–168.

O’Connor, Jim E. and Victor R. Baker. “Peak Flood Discharges from Late Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula,” in Abstracts with Programs, v. 19, n. 7: Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1987.

—————. Richard B. Waitt, Gerardo Benito, David Cordero, and Scott Burns. “Beyond the Channeled Scabland; A Field Trip to Missoula Flood Features in the Columbia, Yakima, and Walla Walla Valleys of Washington and Oregon; Part 1,” in Oregon Geology, v.57, n.3, 1995: 51–60.

O’Connor, James E., Richard Waitt, David A. Johnston, Gerardo Benito, David Cordero, and Scott Burns. “Beyond the Channeled Scabland: A Field Trip to Missoula Flood Features in the Columbia, Yakima, and Walla Walla Valleys of Washington and Oregon; Part 2; Field Trip, Day One,” Oregon Geology, v.57, n.4, 1995: 75–86.

Oles, K. F., J. G. Johnson, A. R. Niem, and W. A. Niem, eds., “Geologic Field Trips in Western Oregon and Southwestern Washington,” State of Oregon, Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Bulletin 101, 1980.

Olson, E. C. Introduction to J Harlen Bretz’s paper on “The Lake Missoula Floods and the Channeled Scabland,” Journal of Geology, 77, 1969: 503-504.

Palmer, Tim. The Snake River: Window to the West. Island Press, 1991.

Pardee, J. T. “The Glacial Lake Missoula,” Journal of Geology, v.18, 1910: 376–396.

—————. “Ripple Marks (?) in Glacial Lake Missoula, Montana,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.51, 1940: 2028–2029.

—————. “Unusual Currents in Glacial Lake Missoula, Montana,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.53, 1942: 1569–1599.

Parfit, Michael. “The Floods that Carved the West.” Smithsonian, v.26, no.1, April 1995: 48–59.

Patton, P. C. and V. R. Baker. “Origin of the Cheney-Palouse Scabland Tract,” in V. R. Baker and D. Nummedal, eds., The Channeled Scabland. Washington, DC: NASA, 1978: 117–130.

Petersen, Keith C. River of Life, Channel of Death: Fish and Dams on the Lower Snake. Lewiston, ID: Confluence Press. 1995.

Pielou, E. C. After the Ice Age: The Return of Life to Glaciated North America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Powell, John Walker. An Introduction to the Natural History of Disaster. College Park, IL: Disaster Research Project, 1954.

Ray, Louis L. The Great Ice Age. U.S Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

Reed, Mary E. A History of the North Pacific Division. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Washington, DC: GPO, 1991.

Reidel, Stephen P. and Newell P. Campbell. In Nancy L. Joseph, Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas, Information Circular: State of Washington, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources, 1989: 275–303.

—————. P. R. Hooper, and S. M. Price. “Columbia River Basalt Group, Joseph and Grande Ronde Canyons, Washington,” in Hill, Mason L., ed., Centennial Field Guide 1. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1987: 351–356.

—————. Karl R. Fecht, and Terry L. Tolan., “Field Guide to the Lunar and Planetary Institute MEVTV Workshop on ’Tectonic Features on Mars’; Structural Features of the Yakima Fold Belt, Columbia Plateau, Central Washington,” in Watters, Thomas R. and Matthew P. Golombek, MEVTV Workshop on Tectonic Features on Mars, LPI Technical Report, 89—06. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 1989: 79—124.

Reidel, Stephen P., and R. Hooper, eds. Volcanism and Tectonism in the Columbia River Flood-Basalt Province, Special Paper 239. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1989: 9.

Reidel, Stephen P., P. R. Hooper, and S. M Price. “Columbia River Basalt Group, Joseph and Grande Ronde Canyons, Washington,” in Hill, Mason L., ed., Centennial Field Guide Volume 1, Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO: GSA, 1987: 351–356.

Richmond, G.M., Roald Fryxell, P. L. Weiss, G. E. Neff, and D. E. Trimble. “Glacial Lake Missoula, Its Catastrophic Flood and The Loesses and Soils of the Columbia Plateau, Part F,” in Guidebook for Field Conference E, Northern and Middle Rocky Mountains. International Association Quaternary Research, 7th Congress, U.S.A., 1965: 68–89.

Robins, Joyce. The World’s Greatest Disasters. Secaucus, NJ: Chartwell Books, Inc., 1990.

Robinson, Andrew. Earthshock: Climate, Complexity and the Forces of Nature. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1993.

Roe, JoAnn. The Columbia River: A Historical Travel Guide. Golden, CO, 1992.

Ross, Alexander. Adventures of the First Settlers on the Oregon or Columbia River 1810-1813. Cleveland, 1904.

Shaw, J., M. Munro-Stasiuk, B. Sawyer, C. Beaney, J. E. Lesemann, A. Musacchio, B. Rains, and R. R. Young. “The Chanelled Scabland: Back to Bretz?” Geology 27, 1999: 605–608. Comments with replies by Shaw, et al, in Geology 28, 2000: G. Komatsu, H. Miyamoto, K. Ito, H. Tosaka, and T. Tokunaga, 573–573 and B. F. Atwater, G. A. Smith, and R. W. Waitt, 574–576, plus item 200002 at http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/ft2000.htm.

Skipp, Betty A. “A Synopsis of the Structure and Stratigraphy of South-Central Idaho; Contributions by the U. S. Geological Survey Since 1975,” in Thomas E. Tucker, Richard B. Aram, Willilam F. Brinker, and Robert F. Grabb, Jr., eds., Montana Geological Society Field Conference and Symposium Guidebook to Southwest Montana. Montana Geological Society, 1981: 365–372.

Stone, Robert. Day Hikes Around Missoula, Montana. May 1998.

Stradling, Dale F. and Eugene P. Kiver. “The Northern Columbia Plateau from the Air,” in Nancy L. Joseph, Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas, Information Circular. State of Washington, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources, 1989: 347–353.

Swanson, D. A., K. A. Cameron, R. C. Evarts, P. T. Pringle, and J. A. Vance. “Excursion 1A; Cenozoic Volcanism in the Cascade Range and Columbia Plateau, Southern Washington and Northernmost Oregon,” in Charles E. Chapin, and Jiri Zidek, eds., Field Excursions to Volcanic Terranes in the Western United States; Volume II, Cascades and Intermountain West., Memoir 47. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, 1989: 1–50.

—————. Joseph A. Vance, Geoffrey A. Clayton, and Russell C. Evarts. “Volcanism and Plutonism of Western North America; Volume 1, Cenozoic Volcanism in the Cascade Range and Columbia Plateau, Southern Washington and Northernmost Oregon,” in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1989.

—————. and T. L. Wright. “Bedrock Geology of the Northern Columbia Plateau and Adjacent Areas,” in V. R. Baker and D. Nummedal, eds., The Channeled Scabland. Washington, DC: NASA, 1978: 37–57.

—————. and T. L. Wright. “Guide to Geologic Field Trip Between Lewiston, Idaho, and Kimberly, Oregon, Emphasizing the Columbia River Basalt Group,” in D. A. Johnston and J. Donnelly-Nolan, eds., Guides to Some Volcanic Terranes in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and Northern California. USGS Circular 838, 1981.

Trimble, D. E. Geology of Portland, Oregon, and Adjacent Areas. USGS Bulletin 1119, 1963.

Waitt, R. B., Jr. “About Forty Last-Glacial Lake Missoula Jökulhlaups Through Southern Washington,” Journal of Geology v.88, 1988: 653–679.

—————. “Periodic Jökulhlaups from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula—New Evidence from Varved Sediments in Northern Idaho and Washington,” Quat. Res., 22, 1984: 46–58.

—————. “Case for Periodic, Colossal Jökulhlaups from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.96, October 1985: 1271–1286.

—————. “Glacial Lake Missoula,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, October 1985.

—————. “Evidence for Dozens of Stupendous Floods from Glacial Lake Missoula in Eastern Washington, Idaho, and Montana,” in Mason L. Hill, ed., Centennial Field Guide 1. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 1987: 345–350.

—————. “Scores of Gigantic, Successively Smaller Lake Missoula Floods Through Channeled Scabland and Columbia Valley,” in D. A. Swanson and R. A. Haugerund, eds. Geologic Field Trips in the Pacific Northwest. Prepared for the 1994 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting 1, 1994.

—————. “The Channeled Scabland; A Guide to the Geomorphology of the Columbia Basin, Washington,” book review, Sedimentary Geology, v.32; n.1–2, 1982: 155–157.

—————. Tens of Successive, Colossal Missoula Floods at North and East Margins of Channeled Scabland. Open-File Report 83-0671. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1983.

—————. and Brian F. Atwater. “Stratigraphic and Geomorphic Evidence for Dozens of Last-Glacial Floods,” in R. M. Breckenridge, (leader), Glacial Geology and Geomorphology of North America; Volume 1, Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scabland, in the collection Hanshaw, Penelope M., ed., Field Trips for the 28th International Geological Congress: Washington, DC, Am. Geophys, 1989: 35–79.

—————. and J. E. Begét, with contributions from Juergen Kienle. Provisional Geologic Map of Augustine Volcano, Alaska. USGS Open-File Report 96-516, 1996.

—————. T. C. Pierson, N. S. MacLeod, R. J. Janda, B. Voigt, B., and Holcomb, R. T. “Eruption-Triggered Avalanche, Flood, and Lahar at Mount St. Helens: Effects of Winter Snowpack,” Science, vol. 221, 1983.

—————. and R. M. Thorson. “The Cordilleran Ice Sheet in Washington, Idaho, and Montana,” in H. E. Wright, Jr., ed., Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States, Volume 1: The Late Pleistocene, S. C. Porter, ed. University of Minnesota Press, 1983: 53–70.

Walder, J. S., and C. L. Driedger, Geomorphic Change Caused by Outburst Floods and Debris Flows at Mount Rainier, Washington, with Emphasis on Tahoma Creek Valley. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4093, 1994.

Walker, G. P. L. “The Taupo Pumice: Product of the Most Powerful Known (Ultraplinian) Eruption?” Journal Volcanology Geothermal Research 8, 1980: 69-94.

—————. Characteristics of Two Phreatoplinian Ashes, and Their Water-Flushed Origin. Journal Volcanology Geothermal Research 9, 1981, 395–407.

Waltham, T. Catastrophe, The Violent Earth. New York: Crown Pubs., 1978.

Warriner, Gray. An Age of Ice [videorecording]. Camera One Productions: Seattle, WA, 1985.

Watson, Traci. “What Causes Ice Ages?” U.S. News & World Report, August 18, 1997.

Weber, W. M. Correlation of Pleistocene Glaciation in the Bitterroot Range, Montana, with Fluctuations of Glacial Lake Missoula. Butte, MT: Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology, 1972.

Webster, G. D., V. R. Baker, and C. Gustafson, Channeled Scablands of Southeastern Washington; A Roadlog via Spokane-Coulee City-Vantage-Washtucna-Lewiston-Pullman. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Department of Geology, 1976: 25.

Weis, Paul L., and William L. Newman. The Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington: The Geologic Story of the Spokane Flood. Cheney, WA: Eastern Washington University Press, Second edition, 1989.

Williams, Ira A. Geologic History of the Columbia River Gorge: As Interpreted from the Historic Columbia River Scenic Highway. 3d ed. Portland, 1991.

Williams, Laurie. “Dry Falls a Wonder, Despite Lack of Water.” Tri-City Herald, 1996.

Winther, Oscar O. The Old Oregon Country: A History of Frontier Trade, Transportation and Travel. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1950.

—————. The Transportation Frontiers: Trans-Mississippi West, 1865-1890. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 1964.

Wood, Robert Muir. The Dark Side of the Earth. London and Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1985.

Wood, Spencer H. “Review of Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Volcanism, and Subsurface Geology of the Western Snake River Plain, Idaho,” in Patricia C. Beaver, ed., Geology, Tectonics, and Mineral Resources of Western and Southern Idaho, Guidebook of the Annual Tobacco Root Geological Society Field Conference 9: Dillon, MT: Tobacco Root Geological Society, 1984: 48-60.

Zuffa, G. G., W. R. Normark, F. Serra, and C. A. Brunner. “Turbidite Megabeds in an Oceanic Rift Valley Recording Jökullhlaups of Late Pleistocene Glacial Floods of the Western United States.” Journal of Geology 108, 2000: 253–274.

Web Sites

Breckenridge, R. M., and K. F. Sprenke. “An Overdeepened Glaciated Basin, Lake Pend Oreille, Northern Idaho.” In Glacial Geology and Geomorphology, rp01/1997. Published on the internet at http://ggg.qub.ac.uk/ggg/papers/full/1997/rp011997/rp01.htm

Columbia Plateau—Channeled Scablands Field Course: Web Resources. http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/schwert/schwert/geosci/g495/g495link.htm

“Channeled Scabland I—Palouse Country, Eastern Washington State.” http://tchgrey.com/Travel/Channeled_Scabland.html

“Channeled Scablands Theory.” Spokane Outdoors. http://www.spokaneoutdoors.com/scabland.htm

“Clark Fork 1999 Enrichment Series—Seasons of Discovery.” Ancient Lake Missoula Floods (September 12). http://www.uidaho.edu/cep/cfrequest

CVO HomePage. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/home.html

Education: The State of Science (Based on The Seattle Times, Feb. 12, 1997). http://www.seattletimes.com/science/state/natural.html

“Flood Stories—The Biggest Things Since Noah.” Andrew Alden, MiningCo.com, Inc. Fri, Mar 5, 1999. http://geology.miningco.com/library/weekly/aa041397.htm

“Geologic History of the Columbia Basin.” Celeste Gargett and Kaylene Bolster. http://wwwshs1.bham.wednet.edu/curric/science/geophys/wa-phys/columbia/geohis.html

Geological Society of America Bulletin. http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/bulletin.htm

GEOLOGY—The Geological Society of America. http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/geology.htm

“Glacial Lake Missoula and the Missoula Floods.” USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, WA: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Glaciers/IceSheets/description_lake_missoula.html
[URL has been changed since the Final Report was printed]

Luken, Diane. “The Channeled Scabland.” March 1995. http://tchgrey.com/Travel/Channeled_Scablandpaper.html

“Mars Channels and Valleys.” Mike Caplinger, Malin Space Science Systems, February 1995. http://barsoom.msss.com/http/ps/channels/channels.html

Oliver, Kevin. “KIE Evidence: Local vs. Global Flooding,” http://www.kie.berkeley.edu/ned/data/E01-971212-003/E01-971212-003.html

“Scablands,” http://www.salford.ac.uk/geog/adrian/envchng/perscab.html

Seattle Support Office of the National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/ccso/nnl.htm

“The Channeled Scabland II—Grand Coulee, Eastern Washington State.” http://tchgrey.com/Travel/Channeled_Scabland2.html

“The Death of the Dinosaurs, Superfloods and Other Megacatastrophes: Catastrophes and Scientific,” Emerson Thomas McMullen, 1998. http://www2.gasou.edu/facstaff/etmcmull/DINO.htm

“The Great Floods of Glacial Lake Missoula.” Kamala Butler, Michael French, Elaine Harman. http://192.211.16.13/curricular/energies/Aprojfolder/missoula/Title.htm

The Missoula Floods. Oregon Public Broadcasting. http://www.opb.org/ofg/1001/missoula/

The Missoula Floods. Department of Geology—Portland State University. http://www.geol.pdx.edu/Courses/FieldTrips/Coastal/Missoula%20Floods.htm /THE%20MISSOULA%20FLOODS.htm

USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/home.html

U.S. Geological Survey. http://geology.usgs.gov/index.shtml

previous chapter

Ice Age Floods Study logo

next appendix