Hopewell Culture curates a collection of 167,000 museum objects and archival items relating to the prehistory and history of the park and vicinity. The collection was amassed over a period of more than 75 years from a variety of sources and toward various ends, and continues to grow.

The core of the collection derives from excavations undertaken at the Mound City Group between 1920 and 1922 upon the abandonment of Camp Sherman, a World War I training camp that occupied the site between 1917 and 1920. These excavations were conducted under the auspices of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society. William C. Mills provided overall direction for the investigations and Henry C. Shetrone directed the field operations.