Tables
 

Table 1.  1992 fieldwork at F. E. Warren Air Force Base.

Site Fieldwork
48LA247

48LA250
 
 

48LA265

48LA277
 

48LA450

Trench 7
 

 backhoe trench

surface collection;
0.35 m³ excavation;
backhoe trench

7 shovel tests

10.8 m³ excavation;
4 backhoe trenches

16 shovel tests

1 backhoe trench placed between sites 48LA265 and 48LA250

 
 

Table 2.  Features recorded at 48LA277.

Featureª Feature
Type		 Charred Macrofloral 
Remains
1 (URS B)

1 (NPS)
 
 
 
 

2
 

3
 

4
 
 
 

5

6

7

8

9

10
 

11

12

 roasting basin

roasting basin
 
 
 
 

roasting basin
 

bone-grease processing
 

shallow hearth
 
 
 

shallow stain

roasting pit

roasting pit

fired-rock concentration

roasting pit

hearth
 

fired-rock concentration

pit

 not sampled

Chenopodium seed
Galium seed
Rumex seed
Leguminosae seed
charred berry fragment

Cheno-am seed
Panicum/Setaria seed

Chenopodium seed
unidentifiable seed

Chenopodium seeds
unidentifiable seeds
charred berry and berry 
   fragment

Chenopodium seed

sample not submitted

sample not submitted

sample not submitted

Chenopodium seed

Atriplex fruit
Atriplex seed fragment

sample not submitted

Chenopodium seed
ªFeatures 1-5 are described in detail in Connor (1993).

 
 

Table 3.  Radiocarbon dates for 48LA277.

Provenience Laboratory Number Radiocarbon Age B.P. Calibrated A.D. Datea Two-Sigma Date Range         Material Isotopic Correction
Strata IVb Beta-10722 1150 ± 80 A.D. 890 A.D. 683-1026 soilc unknown
Strata VId
Beta-10723
 970 ± 70 A.D. 1030 A.D. 966-1226 soilc unknown
Feature 3 Beta-49836 1390 ± 150 A.D. 660 A.D. 388-979 wood
charcoal		 none
Feature 9 Beta-56858 1470 ± 60 A.D. 610 A.D. 547-651 soil none
Feature 10 Beta-56859 1160 ± 90 A.D. 890 A.D. 670-1089 wood
charcoal		 none

aCalibrated using the Stuiver and Reimer (1993) computer program.
bURS Berger date 1 (Tetra Tech 1987: 6-176).
cField notes, D. Jamtaas, September 25, 1984.
dURS Berger date 2 (Tetra Tech 1987: 6-176).

 
 

Table 4. Raw-material distributions.

Material Typea F.E. Warren AFBb 48LA277 48LA450
Count Percent Count Percent Count  Percent 
Chert
Chert-dendritic
Chert-inclusions
Chert-gravel-cobbles
Chalcedony
Chalcedony-dendritic
Chalcedony-inclusions
Chalcedony-gravel-cobbles
FG Quartzite
FG Quartzite-HU
FG Quartzite-KIM
FG Quartzite-gravel-cobbles
FG Quartzite-SP Digs
FG Quartzite-Mor
MG Quartzite
MG Quartzite-HU
MG Quartzite-Minn
MG Quartzite-SP Digs
CG Quartzite
CG Quartzite-gravel-cobbles
FG Granite
FG Granite-cobbles-gravel
Quartz
CG Granite
FG Sedimentary
FG Sandstone
CG Sandstone
Mineral

Total

 254
102
39
191
433
115
569
1,090
125
7
1
3
9
4
43
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
31
2
1
11
3
1

3,041

 8.4
3.4
1.3
6.3
14.2
3.8
18.7
35.8
4.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0

99.7

 42
20
9
70
36
41
18
147
19
0
0
0
0
0
21
13
0
0
6
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
2
1

451

 9.6
4.5
2.1
16.0
8.2
9.4
4.1
33.6
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

98.1

 0
2
1
18
0
1
2
31
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0

 60

 0.0
3.3
1.7
30.0
0.0
1.7
3.3
48.4
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

96.7
aKey to material types:
CG - coarse grained
MG - medium grained
FG - fine grained
HU - Hartville Uplift
KIM - Kimball Chert
Minn - Minnelusa or Minnelusa-like
Mor - Morrison Formation
SP Digs - Spanish Diggings

bData from Tetra Tech (1987: 6-25, Table 6-6).


 
 

Table 5. Technological attributes of 48LA277 lithic assemblage; URS Berger, 1991, and 1992 seasons combined.


                  n		 Average Length  (mm)  Average Width 
(mm) 		 Average  Thickness (mm)  Average Weight 
(g) 
Cores
Flakes
Shatter
Bifaces
Uniface
Ground stone
Nodules		 17
311
84
20
1
2
3		 42.49
17.41
11.05
26.30
25.16
112.94
52.73		 35.01
15.80
9.56
19.69
26.17
93.84
33.38		 16.69
4.23
2.99
5.65
6.82
34.59
21.03		 34.63
2.07
0.88
4.71
4.58
584.64
55.27

 
 
 

Table 6. Cores from 48LA277.

FS Raw Material1 Raw Material2 Raw Material3 Length
(mm)		 Width
(mm)		 Thickness (mm) Weight
(g)		 Comments
1
2
3
5
8
31
33
 

146
184
239
368
374
382
481
496
611

 9
1
1
1
1
1
1
 

3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

 0
1
2
2
2
1
1
 

3
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1

 8
3
1
3
3
2
3
 

0
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

 48.73
28.19
26.06
37.32
37.37
50.49
23.15
 

74.05
34.65
28.67
52.86
42.10
43.22
61.84
47.60
29.50

 50.51
29.93
19.21
42.41
37.72
30.76
20.90
 

37.78
27.33
24.32
33.36
46.29
29.19
50.55
38.61
31.91

 18.48
8.02
7.69
19.37
21.48
12.44
8.34
 

27.27
11.38
11.65
14.90
18.02
12.44
19.84
26.85
19.89

 65.48
11.60
7.50
41.00
26.64
18.85
3.79
 

131.17
12.30
6.40
26.07
41.53
15.05
66.97
46.33
17.05
 
 
 
 

retouched
into
scraper
1Raw Material
     1 - cryptocrystalline
     3 - metamorphic, 
               fine-grained
     9 - other		 2Raw Material
     0 - other
     1 - chert
     2 - chalcedony
     3 - quartzite		 3Raw Material
     0 - other
     1 - possibly Hartville Uplift
     2 - possibly Minnelusa,
               probably secondary
               deposit
     3 - probably local source 
               material from
               gravels/veins
     8 - other

 
 
 
 

Table 7. Morphological attributes of tool assemblages from 48LA277.


Tool type
n		 Average Length (mm) Average Width (mm) Average Thickness (mm) Average Weight (g)
Projectile points
Scrapers
Gravers
Spokeshave		 7
10
21
2		 22.33
32.62
21.59
32.30		 16.95
27.02
18.33
28.30		 3.5
7.5
5.4
7.0		 1.59
7.71
3.06
4.87

 
 
 

Table 8. Metric attributes of projectile points from 48LA277.

FS Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) Weight (g) Neck Width (mm)
7
170
210
211
282
318
321		 19.8
20.53
14.56
17.92
14.41
27.56
41.51		 18.88
13.69
10.23
21.10
14.11
16.96
23.69		 3.20
3.76
2.93
2.92
3.74
2.97
5.18		 0.82
0.98
1.58
1.26
0.66
1.19
4.62		 8.24
N/A
N/A
9.74
2.41
5.08
16.12

 
 
 

Table 9. Metric attributes of gravers from 48LA277.

FS Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) Weight (g)
LA   6
LA 12
4
5
11
21
21
21
45
71
98
127
130
192
229
309
333
421
427
532
643		 39.95
19.66
16.70
16.95
19.44
18.61
16.65
15.96
35.54
13.87
10.27
18.37
14.04
52.40
8.70
15.56
28.45
27.50
14.98
17.07
23.96		 25.45
10.90
16.75
14.23
17.99
9.70
11.95
11.67
24.98
7.11
18.62
24.37
14.69
44.41
11.67
21.42
20.87
29.19
16.09
19.48
20.40		 10.32
5.78
4.71
4.58
3.55
3.48
4.07
2.92
6.48
2.70
3.86
4.12
4.27
16.11
1.60
5.16
10.39
6.94
4.63
5.24
4.17		 7.67
1.30
1.38
0.89
1.02
0.57
0.81
0.63
5.52
0.27
0.65
2.26
0.71
23.33
0.03
1.05
4.62
7.47
1.05
1.93
1.26

 
 
 

Table 10. Metric attributes of scrapers from 48LA277.

FS Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) Weight (g)
6
15
21
33
127
199
209
292
418
573		 14.48
32.03
23.71
23.15
18.37
45.01
71.43
27.18
25.16
45.64		 19.03
21.98
18.73
20.90
24.37
23.87
45.05
29.09
26.17
40.99		 7.04
7.15
5.22
8.34
4.12
8.36
8.44
6.19
6.82
8.73		 1.78
4.15
2.49
3.79
2.26
9.66
32.22
4.75
4.58
11.37

 
 
 

Table 11. Summary of faunal assemblage from 48LA277.

Taxon NISPa MNIb
Avifauna

Mammal
     Bos
     Antilocapra americana
     cf. Antilocapra americana

Large mammal
Medium mammal
Small mammal

 1
 

1
7
15

40
15
34

 1
 

1
1
1

1
1
2
a NISP = number of individual specimens
b MNI = minimum number of individuals

 
 

Table 12. Summary of faunal assemblage from 48LA250.

Taxon NISPa MNIb
Mammal
     Bos

Large mammal
Medium mammal
3

1
1
1

1
1
a NISP = number of individual specimens
b MNI = minimum number of individuals

 
 

Figures

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