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III. CASE STUDIES
Many kinds of property types are eligible for inclusion in the National
Register, and different property types have different boundary issues
to be considered. To illustrate a variety of appropriate boundaries,
examples are given for several property types. For each property type,
the general guidelines are presented. Appropriate examples are provided
to illustrate the issues and solutions. The summary information is
abstracted from registration forms of properties listed in the National
Register or documentation from properties determined eligible for
the National Register. The verbal boundary descriptions and boundary
justifications are quotations of Section 10 of the registration forms.
For some properties, such as archeological sites, locational information
is restricted to protect the property. Examples drawn from such properties
are edited to omit or alter locational information.
BOUNDARIES FOR BUILDINGS
Buildings are constructions created principally to shelter any form
of human activity. The National Register use of the term "building"
also refers to historically and functionally related units, such as
a courthouse and jail. Buildings include houses, barns, churches,
schools, hotels, theaters, stores, factories, depots, and mills. Remember
that many buildings have associated contributing landscape and archeological
features. Consider these resources as well as the architectural resources
when selecting boundaries and evaluating significance of buildings.
The verbal boundary descriptions and boundary justifications cited in the
following case studies provide examples of boundaries for several
types of buildings in a variety of settings. In a few cases, the preparer
has elected to provide a large-scale map (such as a tax map) that
shows the boundaries in lieu of a verbal boundary description.
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GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING BOUNDARIES: BUILDINGS
(summarized from How to Complete the National Register Registration
Form, p. 56)
- Select boundaries that encompass the entire resource, including
both historic and modern additions. Include surrounding land
historically associated with the resource that retains integrity
and contributes to the property's historic significance.
- Use the legally recorded parcel number or lot lines for
urban and suburban properties that retain their historic boundaries
and integrity.
- For small rural properties, select boundaries that encompass
significant resources, including outbuildings and the associated
setting.
- For larger rural properties, select boundaries that include
fields, forests, and open range land that is historically
associated with the property and conveys the property's historic
setting. The areas included must have integrity and contribute
to the property's historic significance.
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Buildings in Urban Settings
La Casa Blanca, Coamo, Puerto Rico, is a Spanish Creole vernacular
house constructed in 1865. Characteristics of this style include a
raised, wooden construction; main living core with rear service wing
(martillo), forming an L-shaped plan with an interior courtyard;
full-length frontal balcony or veranda; and hipped or side-gabled,
usually high-pitched roof covered with corrugated zinc. La Casa Blanca
includes these characteristics, except that the martillo opens
into the grounds at the southeast corner of the lot and not into an
interior courtyard. The house is located at 17 José I. Quinton Street,
the corner of Quinton and Ruiz Belvis streets. The boundaries of the
National Register property follow the legal lot boundaries. Verbal
boundary description: The house is bounded in the north by José
Quinton Street; south, No. 18 Federico Santiago Street; east, Ruiz
Belvis Street; and west, No. 19 José Quinton Street. Boundary justification:
The boundary includes the entire city lot that has been historically
and is currently associated with the property.
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| La Casa Blanca, Coamo, Puerto Rico. City plan
showing the National Register boundaries (shaded lot). |
Paul Lawrence Dunbar School, Fort Myers, Florida.
Plan showing the National Register boundaries. |
Paul Lawrence Dunbar School, Fort Myers, Lee County, Florida, is a
two-story, T-shaped, Mission-style building built in 1927. The school
was built as the first high school for African American students in
Lee County. The original building has undergone few alterations and
still serves its original function as a public school. The present school
complex includes several buildings constructed in the 1950s, which are
excluded from the nomination. The Paul Lawrence Dunbar School is significant
for its association with African American community life and education
in the Fort Myers, Florida, area. This property illustrates boundaries
including the historic core of a property but excluding peripheral,
noncontributing buildings. Verbal boundary description: The boundary
for the Dunbar School is shown as the dotted line on the accompanying
scale map entitled "Site Plan, Dunbar School." Boundary justification:
The boundary includes the building and immediately adjacent grounds
historically associated with Dunbar School and excludes that part of
the original site now occupied by new construction.
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| Thomas I. Stoner House, Des Moines, Iowa. Plan showing the
National Register boundaries. |
Thomas I. Stoner House,
Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa, is an early 20th century Spanish Eclectic
style house. The Stoner house is significant as a rare example of
its style, displaying high artistic values and properly expressed
design principles associated with the style, particularly the detailed
stonework and balanced massing with side wings. The house is located
on an irregular corner lot, overlooking Waveland Golf Course. The
boundary for this property is limited to area that continues to be
associated with the house and excludes areas historically separated
from the house. Verbal boundary description: The nominated
property occupies the eastern 31.4 feet of lot 53 and all of lots
54, 55, and 56 in Waveland Hills in Des Moines and is roughly 168
x 181 feet in size. Boundary justification: The boundary includes
the immediate grounds that have historically been associated with
the property and that maintain historic integrity. At the time of
construction, the owner also owned lots 52 and 57-60, property that
was later subdivided and therefore is excluded from this nomination.
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| John D. Bush House, Exira, Iowa. Drawing of the house from
the 1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa: Eighth
Congressional District (Andrea Atlas Company). |
John D. Bush House, Exira, Audubon County, Iowa, is a two-story
frame house built for John Bush by Danish immigrant carpenter Jens
Uriah Hansen in the 1870s. When it was built, the house was on the
outskirts of town and was part of a larger holding, which included
Bush's stock farm. The town expanded and now encompasses the Bush
property within a residential area. Through the years, the Bush holding
has been subdivided and the large lot on which the house is situated
is all that remains intact of the original Bush holding. The property
is significant as the best surviving example of the early Danish immigrant
dwellings built by Hansen, who was the first Dane to settle in Audubon
County and was responsible for the construction of several of the
early buildings, homes, and outbuildings in the Exira area. The legal
property boundary was used to define the National Register property
boundary. Verbal boundary description: The nominated property
is bounded by the legal description as recorded in the Audubon County
Recorder's Office: Part of Lot 14, Subdivision of Original Lot 9,
Town of Exira, Section 4, T78N, R35W. Boundary justification:
The boundary of the nominated property is the remnant of the original
parcel historically associated with the property.
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Marshall Field Garden Apartments, Chicago, Illinois. Detail
of USGS quadrangle map showing the National Register boundaries.
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Marshall Field Garden Apartments, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois,
include ten buildings surrounding a spacious interior garden court,
built in 1928-1929. The complex occupies two city blocks. The buildings
are oriented toward Sedgwick Street, the busiest of the streets bordering
the complex: twenty storefronts and offices face this street. The
central interior courtyard runs the length of the complex, with the
small inside courtyards of the eight H-shaped buildings opening on
to the central courtyard. The two end buildings extend the length
of the block. The complex is a notable example of early privately
funded, moderate-income housing in Chicago. The limits of the two
city blocks occupied by the apartments define the boundaries of the
National Register property. Verbal boundary description: The
area bounded by Sedgwick, Evergreen, Hudson, and Blackhawk streets,
starting at the northwest corner of Blackhawk and Sedgwick, extending
south 938'9" to Evergreen Street, extending west 263'9" to Hudson
Street, extending north 938' to Blackhawk Street and back east 263'
to the northwest corner of Blackhawk and Sedgwick. These dimensions
are measured from the masonry edges of the buildings. Boundary
justification: This acreage has historically been associated with
the Marshall Field Garden Apartments.
Minto School, Minto, Walsh County, North Dakota, was built
in 1895. The property includes the school building with attached rear
additions and six noncontributing elements moved to the site in the
past 20 years and associated with the school building's present use
as the Minto Museum, operated by the Walsh County Historical Society.
The moved structures are arranged to the south and west (rear) of
the school grounds, where they do not affect the integrity of the
school's original setting. The National Register boundaries include
the 12 adjacent lots comprising the north half of the city block occupied
by the school and its newly associated buildings. Verbal boundary
description: The north half of block 11, Original Townsite, Minto,
North Dakota, comprising lots 1-12. Boundary justification:
The boundary includes the north half of block 11 (lots 1-12), which
has been historically and is currently associated with the property.
Buildings in Rural Settings
Theophilus Jones House, Newhaven County, Wallingford, Connecticut,
is an 18th century farmstead, which includes a house, barn, carriage
house, carpentry shop, woodshed, pigeon house, icehouse, and well
with washing terrace. The house was constructed ca. 1740. The property
retains the character and feeling of its period, because the property
is bounded on the south by open land and the arrangement of the outbuildings
blocks the view of more recent residential construction to the north
and east. The house faces Jones Road, originally a farm road serving
only the house, which is now a residential street. The immediate neighborhood
is mostly residential, although there are farms and orchards in the
vicinity. The property is significant for its association with Wallingford's
origins as an agricultural community; its association with prominent
20th century resident and scholar of American decorative arts, Charles
F. Montgomery; and its embodiment of distinctive characteristics of
Connecticut domestic architecture of the 1740s and 1750s. The National
Register boundary corresponds to the legal block and lot description
of the property. Verbal boundary description: The nominated
property includes the house, outbuildings, and associated lot known
as 40 Jones Road, shown as Map 085, Block 003, Lot 017 in the Wallingford
Assessor's records and recorded in the land records in Volume 544,
page 476. Boundary justification: The boundary includes the
farm house, outbuildings, and farm yard that have historically been
part of the Jones farm and that maintain historical integrity. Adjoining
parcels of the original farm have been excluded because they have
been subdivided and developed into a residential neighborhood.
Chris Poldberg Farmstead, Shelby County, Iowa, includes a
house, barn, hog house, poultry house, machine shed, cob house, granary,
and metal grain bin. The farmstead was established in the early 20th
century by Danish immigrants. The house is situated on the south side
of the cluster of farmstead buildings and structures, with the cob
house situated off the rear of the house within the yard. The west
side of the cluster consists of the poultry house, machine shed, and
barn, with the grain bin, granary, and hog house forming the north
side of the cluster. A dirt lane extends into the farmstead from the
gravel road, bisecting the cluster between north and south halves.
Historically, the entire area west, south, and east of the house had
a dense tree cover. The property's section, township, and range description
is used to locate the property; reasonable limits and cultural features
(roads) are used to define the National Register boundaries. Verbal
boundary description: The topographic location of the nominated
property is as follows according to the USGS quadrangle map, Prairie
Rose Lake, Iowa 1978: E 1/4, SE 1/4, SE 1/4, NE 1/4 of Section 27,
T79N, R37W, Jackson Township, Shelby County, Iowa. The specific property
boundary is described as follows: Beginning at a point 10 feet north
of the hog house and starting at the west edge of the gravel road
proceed west 300 feet, turn south for 300 feet, turn east for 300
feet to the west edge of the road, and turn north for 300 feet to
the point of beginning. Boundary justification: The boundary
of the nominated property includes that portion of the historic farm
holdings that encompasses all of the buildings and structures of the
farmstead itself.
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| Plumbush, Philipstown, New York. Tax map showing the National
Register boundaries. |
Plumbush, Putman County, New York, consists of two contributing
buildings, a mid-19th century farmhouse and an associated wood house.
The original carriage house has been extensively remodeled for use
as a garage and is, therefore, noncontributing, as is a modern two-story
house, which is separated from Plumbush by a wooded area. The surrounding
neighborhood is rural, with few residences located nearby. The property
is bounded on the north, northeast, and south by the Cold Spring Cemetery;
on the west by Route 9D; on the south by Moffet Road; and on the east
by private property. Much of the original 65-acre farm has been subdivided,
and extensive infill has destroyed the historical integrity and setting
of the larger farm. The limits of the tax parcel that includes the
eligible resources define the boundaries of the National Register
property. Verbal boundary description: Plumbush is located
on the east side of Route 9D between the intersections of Peekskill
and Moffet roads. The nominated property includes two adjacent tax
parcels which comprise 9.3 acres as shown on accompanying tax map.
Boundary justification: Historically, Plumbush was part of
a 65-acre farm owned by Robert Parker Parrott. Over time, much of
the property was subdivided and sold off. Extensive modern infill
on the original farm acreage has destroyed the historical integrity
and setting of the larger farm. The 9.3-acre nominated property is
all that remains of the original farm associated with the house.
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The Church of Saint Dismas, The Good Thief, Dannemora, New
York. Detail of tax map showing the National Register boundaries.
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Church of St. Dismas, The Good Thief, Dannemora, Clinton County,
New York, is a large, stone chapel on the grounds of the Clinton Correctional
Facility. The chapel, which was completed in 1941, was built on the
site of the abandoned prison farm building along the north edge of
the prison grounds within the walls; 1.07 acres were set aside for
the building, and the boundary of the nominated property coincides
with the lot lines drawn around the 1.07 acres when the church was
built. The boundary encompasses three additional historic features
directly associated with the chapel: a greenhouse, a terraced stone
wall, and a grotto. The remainder of the Clinton Correctional Facility,
established in 1845, had not been surveyed at the time the chapel
nomination was prepared nor evaluated for National Register eligibility;
therefore, only the chapel and its grounds are included in the nominated
property. Verbal boundary description: Heavy black outline
on attached county tax map defines boundary of nominated property.
Boundary justification: The boundary is drawn to coincide with
the 1.07-acre parcel which was delineated when the prison farm was
abandoned and the church was constructed.
| GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING BOUNDARIES:
HISTORIC AND ARCHITECTURAL DISTRICTS
(summarized from How to Complete the National Register Registration
Form, pp. 56-57)
Select boundaries that encompass the single area of land containing
the significant concentration of buildings, sites, structures,
or objects making up the district. The district's significance
and historic integrity should help determine the boundaries.
Consider the following factors:
- Visual barriers that mark a change in the historic
character of the area or that break the continuity of the
district, such as new construction, highways, or development
of a different character.
- Visual changes in the character of the area due
to different architectural styles, types or periods, or to
a decline in the concentration of contributing resources.
- Boundaries at a specific time in history, such as
the original city limits or the legally recorded boundaries
of a housing subdivision, estate, or ranch.
- Clearly differentiated patterns of historic development,
such as commercial versus residential or industrial.
A historic district may contain discontiguous elements only
under the following circumstances:
- When visual continuity is not a factor of historic significance,
when resources are geographically separate, and when
the intervening space lacks significance: for example,
a cemetery located outside a rural village may be part of
a discontiguous district.
- When cultural resources are interconnected by natural
features that are excluded from the National Register
listing: for example, the sections of a canal system separated
by natural, navigable waterways.
- When a portion of a district has been separated by intervening
development or highway construction and when the separated
portion has sufficient significance and integrity to meet
the National Register Criteria.
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BOUNDARIES FOR HISTORIC DISTRICTS
A historic district possesses a significant concentration or continuity
of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or
aesthetically by plan or physical development. Districts may include
several contributing resources that are nearly equal in importance,
as in a neighborhood, or a variety of contributing resources, as in
a large farm, estate, or parkway. Noncontributing resources located
among contributing resources are included within the boundaries of
a district. When visual continuity is not a factor of historic significance,
when resources are geographically separate, and when the intervening
space lacks significance, a historic district may contain discontiguous
elements. (See National Register Bulletin: How
to Complete the National Register Registration Form for further
discussion about defining a district.) National Register properties
classified as districts include college campuses, business districts,
commercial areas, residential areas, villages, estates, plantations,
transportation networks, and landscaped parks. Historic districts
often include contributing archeological resources that should be
considered when evaluating significance and selecting boundaries.
Examples of such properties are included in the discussions of districts
in rural settings. Examples of archeological districts are presented
in the discussion of archeological sites. Boundaries of historic districts
are often difficult to describe verbally. Consider using a scale map
instead of a narrative verbal boundary description to define the boundaries.
Contiguous Districts in Urban Settings
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| Taylorsville Historic District, Taylorsville, Kentucky.
Detail of Spencer County Property Identification Map T-2 showing
contributing and non-contributing resources, photo views, and
National Register boundaries. |
Taylorsville Historic District, Taylorsville, Spencer County,
Kentucky, encompasses 34 contributing buildings and 2 contributing
sites in the center of the town. The district includes the contiguous,
intact, historic resources at the center of the community, which comprise
the residential, commercial, governmental, and religious resources
that document the development of Taylorsville from its early days
through the 1930s. These buildings, along with the streets, alleys,
and lots on which they are located, provide an excellent picture of
the development of Taylorsville from 1818, the date of the earliest
extant house, to 1938, the construction date of the most recent historic
building in the district. The district is eligible under Criterion
A because it reflects the effects of a number of key events in the
town's history, including designation in 1824 as the seat of newly
formed Spencer County and the destruction and rebuilding of its commercial
area and courthouse after fires in 1898, 1899, and 1913. The district
also reflects gradual trends, such as changing patterns in siting
and housing types and styles and the development of the community
into a commercial and supply center for the surrounding agricultural
county. The district is also significant for its representation of
community planning and development: the streets, lots, and buildings
in the district document Taylorsville's growth from a tiny, early
19th century settlement to an antebellum government center and into
a small early 20th century county seat. Legal lot descriptions and
a reasonable limit were used to define the boundaries of the National
Register district. Verbal boundary description: The district
is clearly delineated on the accompanying sketch map. With one exception,
it follows the rear property lines of the properties included in the
district. At the Enoch Holsclaw House on Garrard Street (#1), the
western 50 feet of the property where a 1980s house is located have
been excluded. Boundary justification: Excluded from the district
are other areas of historic Taylorsville where small pockets of historic
buildings and individual buildings have been isolated from the district
by nonhistoric construction. The historic development along Main Cross
Street north of Main Street was considered for inclusion in the district
but determined ineligible. Although the area contains a number of
historic and contributing buildings including the Taylorsville Public
Library, All Saints Church, and some historic houses, the large percentage
of nonhistoric and other noncontributing buildings along the street
makes it a poor representation of the historic character of the town.
Two other collections of historic buildings have also been considered
for National Register listing but considered ineligible. Along Reasor
Street and Maple Avenue, in an area developed beginning in 1899 as
"Reasor's Addition," is a collection of small, modest houses dating
from about 1900 through the 1940s. A large number of these houses
have been seriously altered by the addition of new siding, major changes
to front porches, and lateral additions that alter the form of the
house. They no longer constitute an intact historic district. At the
east end of Main Street, east of Railroad Street, is another collection
of 12 historic houses. Although many of these houses retain a significant
number of their identifying features, it was determined that they
were too disparate a group, with no theme to unite them, to justify
a district. Ten historic buildings in Taylorsville have been determined
to be individually eligible for the National Register and will be
nominated as part of the current project. The district encompasses
the contiguous intact historic properties along Main Street and Garrard
Street that help to document the district's area of significance-community
planning and development. The district boundaries are determined by
concentrations of nonhistoric properties that surround the district
on all sides. To the east are nonhistoric and noncontributing commercial
buildings. To the south is the 1948 flood wall. To the west, a few
remaining historic houses are interspersed with several nonhistoric
governmental buildings, including a post office and Spencer County
School office and a number of late 1940s infill houses. To the north
along Washington Street and Main Cross Street, a number of historic
houses at the north ends of the streets are separated from the district
by a 1950s church and single-family houses and apartments, all dating
from the late 1940s through the 1980s.
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| Bay Shore Historic District, Miami, Florida. Detail of map
showing a portion of the district's National Register boundary.
|
Bay Shore Historic District, Miami, Dade County, Florida,
includes 201 single-family residences and 70 outbuildings. The district,
which is located about 3 1/2 miles north of downtown Miami, represents
a wide variety of early 20th century architectural styles, including
Mediterranean Revival, Art Deco, Colonial Revival, Mission, and Masonry
Vernacular. The 90-acre district is roughly bounded by N.E. 55th Street
on the south, Biscayne Boulevard on the west, N.E. 60th Street on
the north, and Biscayne Bay on the east. The Bay Shore Historic District
is significant at the local level under Criterion A as one of Miami's
most intact historic neighborhoods and the city's best extant example
of a planned, Boom-era suburb that continued to develop in the years
prior to World War II. The district is also significant under Criterion
C for its wealth of Mediterranean Revival, Art Deco, and Masonry Vernacular
style houses that reflect the diversity and evolution of architectural
design in South Florida during the 1920s and 1930s. The National Register
boundaries, defined on a map, are based on assessments of historic
boundaries and modern setting. Verbal boundary description:
The boundary of the Bay Shore Historic District is shown as the heavy
line on the accompanying map entitled "Bay Shore Historic District."
Boundary justification: The boundaries of the Bay Shore Historic
District have been drawn to generally follow those of the original
Bay Shore subdivisions, platted between 1922 and 1924, and the Bay
Shore Plaza subdivision, platted in 1936. Excluded from the district
are those portions of the Bay Shore subdivisions located west of Biscayne
Boulevard, which is now a major commercial area. The proposed boundaries
encompass those portions of the present Bay Shore neighborhood that
contain a predominance of buildings constructed between 1922 and 1942.
The plan and period of significance clearly set the Bay Shore Historic
District apart from its surroundings. The boundaries of the district
are based on boundaries at a specific time in history, visual changes,
and visual barriers. N.E. 60th Street was selected as the northern
boundary because it is the northern limit of the earliest Bay Shore
subdivision. Furthermore, the area north of this street contains few
historic buildings and is of a different character, containing a number
of multi-family buildings. On the east, Biscayne Bay and Morningside
Park form natural physical boundaries, as well as significant historic
boundaries. The bayfront lots help to define the character of the
district, and their presence was a major factor in the district's
development. Morningside Park is not included because it was not opened
until 1951, although the northern portion was acquired by the city
in 1935. The rear property lines between N.E. 55th Street and N.E.
53rd Street were chosen as the southern boundary because they delineate
the southern limit of the Bay Shore Plaza subdivision. In addition,
the majority of houses south of this line were constructed after 1942.
Finally, Biscayne Boulevard was selected as the rough western boundary
because a majority of the development on Biscayne Boulevard is of
a different character. Since the mid-1960s, Biscayne Boulevard has
developed into a major thoroughfare with office zoning, and many of
the newer buildings are large-scale office or residential structures.
Several historic structures do remain, however, and these have been
converted into office use. That portion of the original Bay Shore
subdivision west of Biscayne Boulevard was excluded because it no
longer contains a concentration of historic buildings.
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| Clifton Townsite Historic District, Clifton, Greenlee County,
Arizona. Map showing the National Register boundaries. |
Clifton Townsite Historic District, Clifton, Greenlee County,
Arizona, clearly defines an intact grouping of buildings of various
types dating from the early years of Clifton's development, 1871-1920.
These resources lie within the bottom of the canyon formed by the
San Francisco River at its intersection with Chase Creek. This low-lying
location, while giving the town a visual boundary, has subjected it
to periodic flooding. This has had the greatest impact along Park
Avenue where many buildings have been washed away in the past. Many
aspects of Clifton are represented by the various buildings and structures:
residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, religious, and
governmental buildings are included as well as character-defining
engineering works such as bridges and flood-control features. Remaining
buildings represent a variety of late 19th and early 20th century
styles. The physical setting in the canyon along the San Francisco
River as well as the relative proximity and visual continuity of the
structures unifies the district. The general architectural integrity
of the district is good, although many properties are abandoned and
have fallen into disrepair: 32 of the 86 resources are noncontributing.
The district is significant under Criterion A for its association
with the early copper mining and smelting operations in that region
and with the town that grew to support those operations. The district
is additionally significant under Criterion C for its intact examples
of architecture typical of Arizona's mining towns. Two sites within
the district, the smelter ruins and a commercial building ruin, are
significant under Criterion D as above-ground remnants which reveal
important information about significant aspects of the district. The
district's period of significance begins with the construction of
the earliest remaining structure in 1874 and ends when the copper
smelter moved to Morenci in 1937. The National Register boundaries
are defined on a map; natural and cultural features were used to define
the property. Verbal boundary description: The boundary of
Clifton Townsite Historic District is shown as the dashed line on
the accompanying map entitled "Clifton Townsite Historic District."
Boundary justification: The boundary includes the properties within
an area in central Clifton that retain integrity and are associated
with the functioning of Clifton as a major copper smelting center.
The boundary excludes, where possible, properties that have lost integrity
and/or have no significance. Beginning at the northwest boundary of
the district, the cliffs form a natural and well-defined limit encompassing
the visible remnants of the smelter and associated structures. Proceeding
clockwise, the northern limit of the district is marked by the transition
from industrial uses to a residential area that contains modern and
historic houses of poor integrity. At the point at which the floodwalls
appear at the east bank of the San Francisco River, the boundary includes
the riverbed and floodwall. The northeast boundary may be divided
into two parts: at the north end, geographic limits of the cliffside
define the boundary, no further structures being visible uphill; to
the south, the slope becomes less steep and additional structures,
either modern or of poor integrity, appear uphill from Park Avenue.
Properties one-lot-width uphill from Park Avenue are included within
the district, because all properties, even noncontributors, are an
important part of the Park Avenue Steetscape. At the southernmost
end of Park Avenue, no structures exist at the northeast side of the
street and the boundary is drawn to exclude this open land. The boundary
continues south, excluding open land, but including the east floodwall
south to its end. The southern boundary is defined by a line connecting
the southernmost ends of the formally constructed floodwalls at both
sides of the San Francisco River (slag-rubble walls continue to the
south through much of the town). This location coincides with a construction
in the width of the canyon, a bend in the river, and a break in continuity
of development from the remainder of the town to the south. The boundary
continues northwest along the western floodwall, excluding the site
of the former freight depot (now demolished). The boundary then is
drawn to include the passenger depot, following the geographic boundary
of the cliffside, which firmly delineates the boundary at this location.
At the point where the canyon of Chase Creek and the San Francisco
River meet, the boundary is drawn at the edge of U.S. Route 666 to
exclude an area of intruded properties that step up the cliffside,
which is not as steep at this point. At the south side of the Chase
Creek commercial area, the property line or street curbline and the
cliffside largely coincide to define the edge of development in Clifton.
The westernmost termination of the district at Chase Creek is drawn
at the end of the area of dense commercial character of Chase Creek
and at the westernmost extant of the stone retaining wall at the cliffs
north of Chase Creek. This location coincides with a restriction in
the width of the canyon and a corresponding pause in the continuity
of development sites from development further west.
 |
| Elm Hill, Wheeling, West Virginia. Tax map showing the National
Register boundaries. |
Elm Hill, Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia, is a mid-19th
century Greek Revival mansion on a secluded esplanade. The area, which
was historically farmland, is now part of suburban Wheeling. The grounds
are landscaped lawn with shade trees, evergreens, and shrubs. The
associated brick springhouse/smokehouse, barn/garage, and cemetery
are contributing resources. The legal property description was used
to define the National Register boundaries of the property. Verbal
boundary description: The nominated property is inclusive of the
19.33-acre tract identified as parcel #7, surrounded by acreage of
the Wheeling Country Club, on Ohio County assessor's Map RD-14, Richland
District, February 1960, Wheeling, West Virginia. Boundary justification:
The property is inclusive of broad lawns and open areas that form
a significant setting between Bethany Pike and the rear property lines.
Within this green space stand the house, smokehouse/springhouse, barn,
and cemetery.
Discontiguous Districts in Urban Settings
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|
Plemons-Mrs. M. D. Oliver-Eakle Additions Historic District,
Amarillo, Texas. Detail of USGS map showing the National Register
district boundaries and UTM references.
|
Plemons-Mrs. M. D. Oliver-Eakle Additions Historic District,
Amarillo, Potter County, Texas, includes about 40 blocks of residential
development originally platted as the Plemons Addition (1890) and
the Mrs. M. D. Oliver-Eakle Addition (1903). The district is characterized
by an eclectic mix of modestly scaled dwellings representing architectural
styles of the early 20th century. The historic landscaping reinforces
the neighborhood's cohesiveness. Despite the intrusion of a major
arterial highway (which separates the district into two discontiguous
parts), the historic district retains a high level of its historic
integrity, with 357 of 535 resources classified as contributing elements.
The district is one of Amarillo's most intact early 20th century residential
neighborhoods. The design, scale, and materials of the building stock
reflect the cyclical development of Amarillo's economy from the turn
of the century to the beginning of World War II. The predominant Prairie
School and Craftsman-influenced bungalow styles reflect Amarillo's
growth from the 1910s through the 1930s as regional discoveries of
oil and natural gas augmented agriculturally based wealth. The district
is nominated to the National Register under Criteria A and C. The
National Register boundaries of this discontiguous district follow
existing roadways that encompass the eligible resources. Verbal
boundary description: As indicated by the solid black lines on
the accompanying USGS map, the historic district is comprised of two
discontiguous elements divided by Interstate Highway 40. The northern
portion of the historic district encompasses 86 acres bounded by the
following parameters: Beginning at the center point of the intersection
of E. 16th Avenue and S. Taylor Street, proceed south along the center
line of South Taylor Street continuing to its intersection with the
center line of the North Access Road of Interstate Highway 40; thence
southwest and west along the center line of the North Access Road
of Interstate Highway 40 to its intersection with the center line
of the alley west of S. Madison Street; thence north through the alley
along its center line to its intersection with the center line of
W. 16th Avenue; thence east along the center line of 16th Avenue until
reaching the point of beginning. The southern portion of the historic
district encompasses 94 acres bounded by the following parameters:
Beginning at the center point of the intersection of S. Taylor Street
and E. 26th Avenue, proceed west along the center line of 26th Avenue
continuing to the point of its intersection with the alley west of
S. Van Buren Street; thence north through the alley along the center
line to its point intersection with W. 24th Avenue; thence east along
the center line of W. 24th Avenue to its point of intersection with
S. Van Buren Street; thence north along the center line of S. Van
Buren Street to its intersection with the center line of the South
Access Road of Interstate Highway 40; thence east and southeast along
the center line of the South Access Road of Interstate Highway 40
to the point of its intersection with S. Taylor Street; thence south
along the center line of S. Taylor Street until reaching the point
of beginning. Boundary justification: Consisting of two discontiguous
elements currently divided by the incursion of Interstate Highway
40, the Plemons-Mrs. M. D. Oliver-Eakle Additions Historic District
encompasses a cohesive collection of residential properties ating
to the early 20th century. District boundaries coincide with concentrations
of historic properties within the original limits of the Plemons Addition
and the Mrs. M. D. Oliver-Eakle Addition to the City of Amarillo.
The boundaries encompass those portions of the neighborhood that retain
a significant degree of integrity of historic setting and feeling
strengthened by the continuity provided by historic streetscapes.
Areas beyond these boundaries generally consist of properties whose
character differs from those within the historic district, including
residences that exhibit loss of historic integrity or were built following
the historic development period of the neighborhood. Properties outside
the historic district also include functionally different resources,
such as nonhistoric commercial properties and large-scale institutional
properties. Changes in the historic residential character of the neighborhood
establish the boundaries on all sides. The northern boundary along
16th Avenue demarcates the transition between the commercial and institutional
character of Amarillo's central business district and the residential
neighborhoods in the southern reaches of the city. The eastern boundary
along Taylor Street coincides with the dissolution of historic residential
character prompted by the incursion of Interstate Highway 27. Numerous
noncontributing commercial and residential properties compromise the
integrity of the area east of this boundary. The southern boundary
along 26th Avenue occurs at the point of transition between residential
properties developed during the early 20th century and those developed
in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. On the west, the district boundary
coincides with the limits of residential development with the Mrs.
M. D. Oliver-Eakle Addition, as the campus of Amarillo College hems
in the neighborhood along this boundary. Interstate Highway 40, which
obliterated portions of the historic neighborhood between 18th and
19th Avenues, is excluded from the historic district and divides it
into dis- contiguous components. North of Interstate Highway 40, the
western boundary falls along the alley west of Madison, which separated
historic residential development from noncontributing commercial development
along Washington Street.
Contiguous Districts in Rural Settings
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| Woodlawn Historic and Archaeological District, King George
County, Virginia. Detail of USGS map showing contributing resources
and the National Register boundaries. |
Woodlawn Historic and Archaeological District, King George
County, Virginia, is a 899-acre historic riverfront plantation along
the north bank of the Rappahannock River and the west bank of Gingoteague
Creek. Woodlawn is among the oldest plantations in the county and
retains essentially the same boundaries it had when the land was first
consolidated in the late 18th century. The property includes 21 buildings,
sites, and structures: the planation house, dating from ca. 1790,
and its early to mid-19th century ancillary buildings, with major
additions and renovations to the plantation house ca. 1841, 1934,
and 1982. There are 6 contributing buildings, including the plantation
house and two antebellum outbuildings and slave quarters and an early
20th century barn and implement shed. The 10 contributing archeological
and landscape sites include 5 prehistoric sites, a historic domestic
site, a ditch network, the field system, the farm road network, and
a springhouse foundation site. There are 3 noncontributing buildings,
1 noncontributing site, and 1 noncontributing structure. Periods of
significance are represented by contributing prehistoric Native American
resources and the historic resources of the 17th century and of the
late 18th century through 1937. Woodlawn Historic and Archaeological
District is eligible under Criteria A, C, and D at the state and local
levels. The well-preserved plantation house is one of a number of
important and interrelated houses built along the Rappahannock River
between 1760 and the 1850s. In addition to its architectural significance,
the district also represents the historical influence of agriculture
and transportation on the settlement and economy of the Northern Neck
of Virginia. Woodlawn is also significant for its association with
the Turner family, whose history in Virginia dates to the mid-17th
century and whose occupation of Woodlawn lasted into the 1920s. The
Turners were members of an extended family of prominent landowners
who left an important architectural legacy in the area. The social
and cultural values of the antebellum planter class are reflected
in the architectural traditions of Woodlawn. The patterns of residential,
agricultural, and wood lot vegetation, and drainage ditches dating
from the period of significance survive. Natural and cultural features
and reasonable limits were used to define the National Register boundaries
of this large rural property. Verbal boundary description:
The boundary of Woodlawn Historic and Archaeological District begins
at the northern bank of the Rappahannock River at UTM 18 309780 4226640;
and continues north/northeast until it intersects the drainage ditch
(Archeological Site 44KG94) at UTM 18 309910 4227160; and continues
north/northeast along the western edge of the ditch until it intersects
a tributary of Gingoteague Creek at UTM 18 310380 4228360; and continues
north/northeast until it intersects a dirt road at UTM 18 310560 4228890;
and follows the western edge of the dirt road until it intersects
State Route 625 to UTM 18 310645 4229165; and continues west along
the northern edge of State Route 625 to UTM 18 310645 4229240; and
continues north/northeast to UTM 18 310600 4229520; and continues
east until it intersects the northern edge of State Route 625 at UTM
18 310730 4229430; and crosses State Route 625 and follows the southern
edge of State Route 625 to UTM 18 310830 4229380; and continues south/southwest
to UTM 18 310675 4228845; and continues east to UTM 18 311220 4228820;
and continues north/northeast to the southern edge of State Route
625 at UTM 18 311300 4229240; and continues west along the southern
edge of State Route 625 to UTM 18 311240 4229240; and continues northeast,
crossing State Route 625, to UTM 18 311490 4229495; and continues
southeast to UTM 18 311520 4229430, east to UTM 18 311560 4229450,
southeast to UTM 18 311610 4229325, east to UTM 18 322735 4229270,
and southeast, crossing State Route 625, to the southern edge of State
Route 625 at UTM 18 311760 4229220; and continues east along the southern
edge of State Route 625 until it intersects the Gingoteague Creek
at UTM 18 311830 4229230; and continues south along the center of
the Gingoteague Creek until it intersects the Rappahannock River at
UTM 18 312045 422660; and continues east along the northern bank of
the Rappahannock River to UTM 18 309780 4226640. Verbal boundary
justification: The boundary chosen for the Woodlawn Historic and
Archaeological District corresponds to traditional and current property
lines. Significant contributing historic and archeological resources
are contained within these boundaries.
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| Dietz Farm, Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Topographic
map showing the National Register boundaries and UTM reference
points. |
Dietz Farm, Greenbrier County, West Virginia, is a 96-acre
property, occupying a high knoll with gently sloping pastures and
adjacent woodlands at Meadow Bluff, overlooking the historic Kanawha
and James River Turnpike. During the Civil War, the house served as
temporary Confederate and Union headquarters and hospital, and winter
quarters were constructed near the house. The brick farm house, two
outbuildings, and a noncontributing barn make up the farm complex.
On two knolls several hundred meters due west of the house are the
earthwork remains of Confederate fortifications. In a depression between
the knolls are the unmarked graves of an unknown number of Confederate
soldiers who died in the house during the time that it served as a
hospital. The burial area is a contributing site. South of the turnpike
is a third contributing Confederate earthwork. The National Register
boundaries follow cultural features, natural features, and a contour
line, defining the extent of the contributing resources and their
setting. Verbal boundary description: Beginning at a point
where County Route 60/25 meets State Route 28; thence approximately
750 feet northeast along the west side of Route 60/25; thence in a
line approximately 1,600 feet due northwest along the southern side
of Route 60/25 to where said route begins to cross Meadow River; thence
in a slightly meandering fashion following the east bank of Meadow
River for approximately 2,500 feet southwest to where the major contour
line meets the east side of Meadow River; thence following the principal
2,500-foot contour line (as lined in red on the accompanying USGS
topographic map) in an eastward direction; thence south eastward;
thence north for approximately 2,000 feet until the line meets the
east side of State Route 28; thence in a line northwest for approximately
500 feet along the west side of State Route 28 to the point of beginning,
encompassing approximately 96 acres. Boundary justification:
The boundary is drawn so as to include the principal area immediately
around the Dietz House/Headquarters that served as outdoor bivouac
for soldiers of both sides during the time the property was used for
military purposes. On the north and west the boundaries are drawn
so as to include the major Confederate trenches along the east side
of the Meadow River and the defensive earthworks on the two principal
rises that were constructed in anticipation of Federal assault down
Route 60 from the northwest. The boundaries also include the burial
sites of Confederate soldiers who died while the property was being
used as a field hospital.
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| Dune Shacks of Peaked Hill Bars Historic District, Barnstable
County, Massachusetts. This GIS viewshed analysis map shows the
National Register-eligible historic district in black and the
dune shacks as white dots within the district; roads, trails,
and lakes are shown in white (Knoerl and Chittenden 1990:7). |
Dune Shacks of Peaked Hill Bars Historic District, Cape Cod,
Barnstable County, Massachusetts, is located within Cape Cod National
Seashore, on Cape Cod peninsula. The dune shacks, which have been
determined eligible for the National Register as a historic district,
are scattered along a three-mile stretch of unvegetated dunes in view
of the Atlantic Ocean. The shacks were historically used as summer
retreats by members of a colony of artists, writers, poets, actors,
journalists, bohemians, and socialites from the 1920s to 1960s. The
dune shacks and the natural landform of the dunes form a unique historic
cultural landscape. The eligible property includes 17 shacks and the
surrounding dune landscape. Because the natural landscape served as
setting and inspiration for the inhabitants, the appropriate boundary
includes the collective extent of the visible landscape for all the
dune shacks in the district. Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis
techniques were used to analyze the viewshed for the purpose of defining
the district boundaries. Natural features, cultural features, and
viewsheds were used to define the National Register boundaries of
the property. Verbal boundary description: The boundary for
the Dune Shacks of Peaked Hill Bars Historic District encompasses
approximately 1,500 acres and is described as follows: the shoreline
to the north, the crest of the second dune line away from the shore
south of the second jeep trail delineated on the accompanying USGS
map, the viewshed line of the cluster of shacks F, A, I, and D on
the west, and the crest of the first dune ridge to the east of shack
B. These boundaries are demarcated on the attached map of the area.
Boundary justification: This boundary encompasses all of the
dune shacks and the area incorporating the entirety of the historically
significant cultural landscape and associated important viewsheds
as seen from the dune shacks. This boundary is supported by the written
documentation and by the attached GIS viewshed analysis. The shifting
characteristics of the dune landscape are recognized; for this reason
this boundary is a close approximation. In light of dune movement,
the boundary may move in some locations some degree, but the basic
principles underlying its justification this movement, the boundary
shall continue to include the dune shacks and the extent of the landscape
to the crest of the second dune ridge, wherever that may occur.
 |
|
Tomahawk Lake Camp Historic District, Lake Tomahawk, Oneida
County, Wisconsin. Sketch map showing the National Register
boundaries.
|
Tomahawk Lake Camp Historic District, Oneida County, Wisconsin,
is a 20th century tuberculosis rehabilitation camp. The 17 buildings
and one structure are located on a site surrounded by forest reserve
on Little Tomahawk Lake. The camp was established in response to advances
in the treatment of tuberculosis and the perceived need to reforest
the cut-over region of northern Wisconsin. At the camp, infected patients
were isolated from general hospital patients and benefitted from the
curative effects of open space for exercise and fresh air. Natural
features, cultural features, and reasonable limits were used to define
the National Register boundaries. Verbal boundary description:
Beginning at the intersection with the south edge of Rainbow Road
and a north-northwest line extending 200 feet south of Raven Road,
commence north-northwest along that line 500 feet to the intersection
of a north-south line extending 200 feet east of the garage and workshops
to Little Lake Tomahawk; commencing south along that line to the intersection
of the Little Lake Tomahawk shoreline, then northwest along the lake
shore to the intersection of a north-south line extending 150 feet
west of the garage, then commencing north along that line to the intersection
of a west-east line extending 150 feet north of the shed and commencing
east along that line to the intersection of a north-northwest line
extending 200 feet north of Raven Road and commencing along that line
to the intersection of County Highway D, then running south along
the west side of County Highway D to the point of beginning. Boundary
justification: The Tomahawk Lake Camp boundary was drawn to encompass
all historic and nonhistoric resources in the complex. It also includes
the surrounding landscape features that provide the northwoods setting.
This includes the wooded area around the Raven Road entrance and the
woods surrounding the buildings. The northwoods environment was a
very important part of the camp's outdoor, health-conscience philosophy
that was advertised to prospective patients. The site includes 21
acres of the former 536-acre site. Acreage not included in the district
is heavily wooded and does not contribute to the historic significance
of the complex.
 |
| Bloomvale Historic District, Dutchess County, New York. Tax
map showing the National Register district boundaries. |
Bloomvale Historic District, Dutchess County, New York, is
a small industrial site, established in the mid-18th century. The
district's eleven contributing resources include the Bloom house and
well, the Bloomvale mill, a worker's house, the mill's water system,
the old highway and bridge abutments, four mill complex building sites,
and the district's archeological remains. The agricultural function
of the Bloom farm declined; farm buildings are gone and the agricultural
fields are overgrown. However, the industrial history of Bloomvale
is well represented, and the Bloom house and the industrial complex
remain sufficiently intact to preserve the setting of the mill site
and the visual and functional interrelationships of its components.
Thus, the industrial history of the site is the focus of the district's
significance. The boundaries of the district were selected to include
the present-day parcels containing the significant historic resources.
National Register boundaries correspond to tax parcel boundaries.
Verbal boundary description: See attached site map and boundary
map composed from local tax maps. Boundary justification: The
boundaries of the district were determined by the present-day parcels
containing the significant historic components identified on the site
map. Today, the house and the mill are owned separately. The Bloom
house and its lot were divided from the mill site and two northern
farm lots in the 1860s. Those farm lots were subsequently sold off
and have since been further subdivided. The agricultural function
of the Bloom farm declined over the years to the point where the farm
buildings have disappeared and the agricultural fields reforested.
Conversely, the industrial history of Bloomvale is well represented
and the Bloom house and the industrial complex remain sufficiently
intact to preserve the setting of the mill site and the visual and
functional interrelationships of its components. Thus, it is the industrial
history of the site that is the focus of the district's significance.
 |
|
Martin M. Bates Farmstead, Richmond, Vermont. Plan map showing
the National Register boundaries, which include buildings and
associated fields and woods.
|
Martin M. Bates Farmstead, Richmond, Chittenden County, Vermont,
is a 45-acre property including a 19th century Italianate farmhouse
and associated barn, ice house, and chicken house surrounded by hay
fields and forested hills. The farmstead contributes to understanding
the development of dairy farming in the region; therefore, the intact
open farm fields around the farm buildings are also important components
of the farmstead. Although the farm is no longer in operation, the
fields continue to be hayed. Natural features, tax parcel boundaries,
and reasonable limits were used to define the National Register boundaries.
Verbal boundary description: The Bates Farmstead includes land
on both sides of Richmond Town Highway #1. The boundary above the
road is formed by the southern edge of a brook that drains into the
Huntington River and the eastern line of tax parcel number 11-51.1.
The boundary below the road follows the southern line of tax parcel
number 11-50 to a point approximately 500 feet from the edge of the
road. From that point, the boundary extends in a straight line parallel
with the road to the brook, which it touches south of Hillview Road.
The boundary thence follows the brook downstream to Hillview Road
and continues along the edge of that road to the town highway. Boundary
justification: The boundary includes all buildings and the surrounding
open fields historically associated with the Bates Farmstead.
Rocky Butte Scenic Drive Historic District, Portland, Multnomah
County, Oregon, includes the viewpoint on the crest of Rocky Butte,
the scenic drive approaches to the viewpoint, and Joseph Wood Hill
Park, also on the crest. Rocky Butte Scenic Drive is a serpentine
automobile roadway that climbs with three switchbacks and a final
girdling loop to the summit of Rocky Butte. Contributing features
include the roadways and accompanying historic structures, the crest
viewpoint structure, and the historic aircraft beacon. The district's
original association was with recreational driving and scenic views,
although residential development has encroached on the lower portions
of the roadway; nevertheless, the viewpoint still offers a scenic
vista over the Columbia River plain in all directions. The road right-of-way
and tax parcel boundaries were used to define the National Register
boundaries of the property. Verbal boundary description: The
nominated area is located in Sections 21 and 28, Township 1N, Range
2E, Willamette Meridian in Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon. It
is a lineal, serpentine district consisting of the entire 50-foot-wide
right of way of Rocky Butte Road and approach sections of NE 92nd
Avenue from Halsey Street on the south and NE Fremont Street from
82nd Avenue on the west to include all historic developed features
of the scenic parkway and Joseph Wood Hill Park at the crest of Rocky
Butte, encompassing in all 21.48 acres, more or less, in the corporate
limits of the city of Portland. The total number of contributing features
(14) includes the road system, its retaining walls, two tunnels, drainage
structures, stone fenders, stone bollards, the park, a stone outlook
with lamp posts, a stone staircase, a viewfinder, a commemorative
monument, and the historic aircraft beacon. Boundary justification:
The district is located in Township 1 North, Range 2 East, Sections
21 and 28. The district is bounded by the 50-foot-wide right of way
as measured from the center lines of Rocky Butte Road, and of 92nd
Avenue from Halsey Street to Rocky Butte Road South, and along Fremont
Street from 82nd Avenue to Rocky Butte Road North. Tax Lot 47 of Section
28 is located within the confines of Rocky Butte Road as it circumnavigates
the crest of the butte. The district comprises an approximate total
of 21.48 acres. This includes 2.38 acres which is the Joseph Wood
Hill portion of the district, Tax Lot 47. Because the district comprises
approach drives and a viewpoint located within the confines of approach
drives, it was felt that the road right of ways would appropriately
bound the district. The approach drives pass through residential areas
at the butte's foot and then wind through newer residential areas
as they climb the butte. Houses cluster along portions of the roads
on the butte. Other portions of the roads are still in natural woodland.
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| Weyerhaeuser South Bay Log Dump Rural Historic District,
Thurston County, Washington. Plan map showing the National Register
boundaries. |
Weyerhaeuser South Bay Log Dump Rural Historic Landscape,
Thurston County, Washington, encompasses 260 acres of uplands and
190 acres of tideland along the Henderson Inlet of southern Puget
Sound. Twin estuaries of Woodard and Chapman Bays on Henderson Inlet
intersect the property forming north, south, and central peninsulas
of land. The property reflects a continuity of land uses and the evolution
of functional relationships between wooded land and water in the south
Puget Sound region through prehistoric and historic periods. Use of
the property by successive groups-Native Americans, Euro-American
settlers, loggers, oyster growers, and the Weyerhaeuser log transport
operation-reflects historic waterfront activities on lower Puget Sound
over thousands of years. The use of the site for log dumping and booming
by Weyerhaeuser Corporation since 1926 has forestalled encroachment
of modern subdivision development typical of adjacent areas, thus
preserving evidence of the land-use patterns of earlier eras. Evidence
of prehistoric and 20th century land use is still evident, and natural
landscape features survive as well. The area was occupied by prehistoric
Native Americans, who gathered shellfish and plant foods and hunted
there. European-American settlers arrived in the mid-19th century,
and logging began in the 1880s. The area was purchased by Weyerhaeuser
in the mid-1920s for log transshipment. Tax parcel boundaries were
used to define the National Register boundaries of this property.
Verbal boundary description: Boundaries as described in parcel
numbers
11918100000,
11918410000, 11918430000,
11917320000, 11917320100,
11917330100, 11917220000,
93006700000, 93006800000,
93006900000, 93007000000,
93007100000, 93007200000,
93007300000, 93007400000,
93007500000, 93007600000,
93007700000, and 93007800000
on file at the Thurston County Assessor's Office and illustrated in
the attached map. Boundary justification: The nominated property
includes all land in the historic Weyerhaeuser ownership.
Discontiguous Districts in Rural Settings
(See also Discontiguous Archeological Districts)
Crockett Canyon/Coyote Ranch Archeological District, Southwest,
[location restricted], contains 16 discontiguous sites associated
with prehistoric cultures. The sites are located among the cliffs
and canyons of the Ardra Plateau, approximately 20 miles northeast
of Fort Sickles. The sites were nominated as a district because they
document an extensive, diverse, and well-preserved assemblage of prehistoric
artwork; they define distinct stylistic traditions among petroglyph
and pictograph groups; and they identify long-term aboriginal habitation
directly associated with the rock art. The sites are related by artistic
style, artifact groupings, and geologic setting. Individual site boundaries
are based on the extent of surface features and artifacts. Verbal
boundary description: The Crockett Canyon/Coyote Ranch Archeological
District consists of 16 significant areas of aboriginal rock art,
shelters, and campsites. The accompanying topographic maps show the
location and configuration of each nominated site by using labeled
points and UTM grid coordinates. Crockett Canyon sites are: [excerpted
site example] 33GG111: This site contains approximately 1.5
acres and is found on the USGS 7.5' Crockett Canyon topographical
sheet. From point 1 (UTM coordinates QQQ/RRR), follow the 2,400-foot
contour southward to point 2 (UTM coordinates SSS/TTT), a distance
of about 197 feet (60 m). Continue to the NE for approximately 197
feet (60 m) to point 3 (UTM coordinates UUU/VVV), and then to the
NW about 262 feet (80 m) to point 4 (UTM coordinates WWW/XXX). Proceed
southward along the 2,400-foot contour approximately 197 feet (60
m) back to point 1. The State owns this site, which is located in
Section 4, Township 2S, Range 4W. Boundary justification: All
16 sites in the district are culturally linked by similar artifactual
and pictographic design styles. The boundaries of the discontiguous
district correspond to the boundaries of the 16 individual segments
(sites). Individual site boundaries were determined by mapping the
extent of surface-visible cultural features and artifacts. All of
the sites are fairly discrete locations of cultural activity, with
artifacts concentrated near the petroglyph panels, shelters, and fire-cracked
rock hearths that comprise the most significant features at each locus.
Areas of low-density scattered artifacts or features (less than approximately
1 artifact per 50 square meters) were not included within the site
boundaries. The data the sites present jointly is more important and
convincing than when presented in isolation. Taken together, these
data overlap and succeed each other, documenting over 7,000 years
of occupation and the change in subsistence from hunting and gathering
to agriculture. Reflecting this economic change is a rich and varied
body of artistic expression that spans the entire period of occupation.
Parks as Districts
Local, State, and national parks may also include National Register
properties. Boundaries for National Register properties within parks
are limited to eligible resources; therefore, the National Register
boundaries may differ from park boundaries. Special provisions apply
to historic and cultural units of the National Park System (as discussed
below). In selecting boundaries, consider the extent of the eligible
resources and their setting. Do not include buffer zones or large
areas that lack contributing resources.
Each historic and cultural unit of the National Park System is automatically
listed in the National Register on the date its authorization is signed
into law. During the interim period before the National Park Service
has defined the extent of the areas of historic value, the National
Register boundaries are those defined in the National Park Service
authorizing legislation, regardless of ownership. Congress may authorize
for the National Park System, with no requirement of notice, land
areas not yet acquired as well as those never to be acquired in fee,
including those to be controlled by easement acquisition.
For each historic or cultural unit, the National Park Service will
evaluate the entire authorized (listed) area, prepare a nomination
form, and precisely define the boundaries to encompass the resources
that have historic significance. If the proposed National Register
boundaries coincide substantially with the park boundaries, the documentation
is forwarded to the Keeper of the National Register, and a courtesy
copy is sent to the State Historic Preservation Officer. When the
Keeper signs the nomination form, the boundaries of the property considered
to be listed in the National Register are thus defined by the documentation.
If the proposed National Register boundaries differ from the area
authorized, the documentation is submitted to the State Historic Preservation
Officer for comment within 45 days. In some cases, the area documented
and subsequently listed may be less than the area authorized to exclude
nonhistoric buffer zones. The listed area may include privately owned
areas, but only to the extent that they have been authorized by Congress.
 |
| Rock Creek Park Historic District, Washington, D.C.. Plan
map showing the National Register boundaries. |
 |
| Rock Creek Park Historic District, Washington, D.C.. Southeast
view of Boulder Bridge (ca. 1901-1902). (William Bushong) |
Rock Creek Park Historic District, Washington, D.C., is a
1,754.62-acre property in the northwest quadrant of the District of
Columbia. The property is legally defined as Reservation 339 and its
boundaries are roughly defined as Sixteenth Street on the east, Oregon
Avenue and Branch Road on the west, Klingle Road on the south, and
the District of Columbia line and Parkside Drive on the north. Rock
Creek Park is a natural reserve within a heavily urbanized area. The
park is surrounded by commercial and residential development, and
it has only two modern areas of concentrated recreational and administrative
activity. Otherwise, Rock Creek Park Historic District retains a high
degree of integrity that well reflects the development of this public
landscape between 1791 and 1941. Andrew Ellicott's 1791 survey recorded
the topography of the property and shows the location of the District
of Columbia boundary at the northwest corner of the park. Verbal
boundary description: The boundary of Rock Creek Park Historic
District is shown as the bold black line on the accompanying map entitled
"Rock Creek Park Historic District, 1990." This tract of land is legally
defined as Reservation 339. Boundary justification: The boundaries
of this district were determined by both legal and historical considerations.
Reservation 339 was the land set aside by Congress as Rock Creek Park
in 1890 with approximately 100 acres of related boundary rectifications
and additions. The Piney Branch Parkway was acquired by the government
in 1907 and was extended in the 1920s. It was included in this district
because it is legally a part of Reservation 339. Furthermore, there
is also historical justification for the parkway's inclusion in Rock
Creek Park Historic District because this land area was surveyed and
included in the 1918 Olmsted comprehensive plan for Rock Creek Park.
The plan was prepared in 1917-1918 by the famous Brookline, Massachusetts,
landscape architecture firm of Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., and his
half-brother John C. Olmsted. Their plan for Rock Creek Park was adopted
in 1919 and has remained a vital management document ever since. As
an administrative unit, Rock Creek Park presently contains many other
urban parks that are not contiguous to Reservation 339, including
the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, the Normanstone Parkway, and the
Soapstone and Klingle valleys. These areas were acquired and integrated
into Washington's park system between 1913 and 1950 as access routes
and a means of preserving the watershed of the Rock Creek valley.
Although the Melvin Hazen Park and Pinehurst Parkway are contiguous
to Rock Creek Park, they were acquired and consolidated as park land
within the recent past and do not share the Piney Branch Parkway's
early legal or historical associations to Reservation 339.
 |
| Pecos National Historical Park, San Miguel County, New Mexico.
Plan map from A.V. Kidder's field maps from 1926, 1927, and 1929. |
| Inserted picture: Pecos National Historical Park, San Miguel
County, New Mexico. Ruins of the 17th century church. (Pecos National
Monument) |
Pecos National Historical Park, San Miguel County, New Mexico, is
strategically located at the mountain gateway between the southern
Great Plains and the Rio Grande valley. The boundaries of the 384.8-acre
archeological district are coterminous with Pecos National Historical
Park. The history of the upper Pecos River valley, as represented
by the archeological and historic sites within the archeological district,
demonstrates a succession of attempts to exploit the natural and cultural
resources of the Southwest. The 96 archeological sites within the
property represent a complex of pueblos inhabited by ancestors of
the Pecos Indians from A.D. 800 to 1838 and a series of Spanish Franciscan
mission churches and secular buildings constructed during the 17th
and 18th centuries. Adolph Bandelier mapped ruins at Pecos in 1881,
and archeologists including Edgar Hewett, Kenneth Chapman, A. V. Kidder,
Stanley Stubbs, and Bruce Ellis conducted investigations at various
sites on the property during the first half of the 20th century. Verbal
boundary description: Pecos National Historical Park is surrounded
by private ranch holdings, almost all of which are owned by the Fogelsons.
The nominated district boundaries are coterminous with the National
Monument boundaries. Boundary justification: Pecos National
Historical Park was established in 1965 and added to in the 1980s
by land donations from the Fogelsons.
 |
| Maquoketa Cave State Park Historic District, Jackson County,
Iowa. Plan map showing the park boundaries and the National Register
district boundaries. |
Maquoketa Caves State Park Historic District, Jackson County,
Iowa, includes 111 acres of land acquired in three parcels between
1921 and 1940. These parcels constitute the eastern portion of the
park and include all of the park structures, most of which were built
between 1932 and 1939. Between 1961 and 1981, 161 acres were added
west of the historic park area as a nature preserve; this acreage
is not included in the National Register historic district. In the
center of the park is a steep ravine with sheer limestone cliffs ranging
from 10 to 75 feet high. Foot trails snake around the tops of the
cliffs to overlooks, which offer views of the valley and caves below.
Other trails lead to cave entrances which are connected by underground
passages. Nine of the fifteen structures in the park are associated
with the 1932-1939 development period and are contributing resources.
The district is significant as one of the first parks established
in Iowa, selected because of the property's limestone caves. The property
in included in two multiple property submissions, "The Conservation
Movement in Iowa, 1857-1942," and "CCC Properties in Iowa State Parks,
1933-1942. " Because of the related periods of significance, the 1940
boundaries are appropriate. Verbal boundary description: The
historic portion of Maquoketa Caves State Park comprises three separate
[adjoining] parcels which form an irregular tract of 111.08 acres
located in Section 6, T-84N, R-1E. This acreage covers approximately
half of the park on the east side. The tract is bounded on the west
by newer park lands and on the north, east, and south by privately
owned farmland. Boundary justification: These boundaries represent
the extent of park holdings as of 1942.
 |
| Hanging Rock State Park Bathhouse, Stokes County, North Carolina.
Plan map showing the National Register boundaries. |
Hanging Rock State Park Bathhouse, Stokes County, North Carolina,
is the largest and most distinctive facility constructed in North
Carolina by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The building is
significant for its architecture (Criterion C) as the most prominent
example of CCC-constructed rustic park facilities in North Carolina.
Included in the nomination are the adjacent 12-acre Hanging Rock Lake
and its concrete stone dam, which were built concurrently with the
bathhouse. These resources are also eligible for their associations
with the CCC program in North Carolina. The building and its setting
embody the ideals of park design that emphasized harmony with the
natural landscape through sensitive siting and the use of native building
materials and rustic architectural forms. The lake and shoreline,
which are included as a contributing site, constitute the historic
setting, which is integral to the historic character and function
of the bathhouse. A reasonable limit of 175 feet from the lakeshore
was used to define the National Register boundaries. Verbal boundary
description: The nominated area includes the 12-acre Hanging Rock
Lake and 12 acres of surrounding land defined by a line running 175
feet from the high-water edge of the lake on all sides. Boundary
justification: The nominated area incorporates the bathhouse and
its immediate historic setting of lake and surrounding woodland essential
to its historic function and character, including the dam that forms
the lake.
 |
| Lac qui Parle State Park WPA/Rustic Style Historic District, Lac qui
Parle County, Minnesota. Plan map showing the National Register
boundaries. |
Lac qui Parle State Park WPA/Rustic Style Historic District,
Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota, includes three buildings in the public-use
area of the park, located adjacent to the Lac qui Parle River. Architects
for these projects were from the National Park Service and the Design
Office within the Department of Conservation. The district is significant
for its association with the social, political, and economic impact
of the Great Depression and the subsequent development of the Federal
relief programs that were responsible for the construction of the
contributing buildings. The buildings are outstanding examples of
rustic style/split stone construction. The boundaries were selected
to include a limited setting around the three contributing buildings.
Verbal boundary description: The boundary for Lac qui Parle
State Park WPA/Rustic Style Historic District is shown as the heavy,
cross-hatched line on the accompanying map entitled "Lac qui Parle
State Recreation Area." It is defined by the land immediately encompassing
three historic buildings. Boundary justification: The boundary
includes the buildings developed by the WPA that have been historically
associated with the park and that maintain historic integrity.
BOUNDARIES FOR PARTICULAR PROPERTY TYPES
Traditional Cultural Properties
A traditional cultural property is a building, structure, site, object,
or district that is eligible for inclusion in the National Register
because of its association with cultural practices or beliefs of a
living community that are rooted in that community's history and are
important in maintaining the continuing cultural identity of the community.
Defining boundaries for traditional cultural properties can be challenging.
Carefully consider the traditional uses of the property. For example,
where a property is used for contemplative purposes, viewsheds are
important and must be considered. In an urban district significant
for its association with a specific social group, consider the limits
of residence or use by the group. Consider changes in time, as well.
For example, archeological evidence may contribute information on
past use areas, which may differ from present use areas. Select boundaries
that encompass the area associated with the traditional use or practice
and document the factors that were considered in the boundary justification.
For further assistance, consult National
Register Bulletin 38: Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional
Cultural Properties, the appropriate State historic preservation
office, any concerned Indian tribal preservation program, and the
traditional group or community that ascribes values to the property.
Kuchamaa (Tecate Peak), Tecate, San Diego County, California,
is a sacred mountain to the Kumeyaay Indians of southern California
and northern Baja California, Mexico. Although there are modern intrusions
(a road and communications facilities on the summit), the mountain
is important to the Kumeyaay community's belief system. The peak is
a special place, marking the location for the acquisition of knowledge
and power by Kumeyaay shamans. Oral tradition records the use of Kuchamaa
as the place where several important shamans instructed their initiates
and the sacred place of vision quests and purification ceremonies.
Contemporary Native Americans continue to use Kuchamaa during the
full moon and at equinoxes, when they pray for renewal of Earth Mother
and peace. Kuchamaa is significant under Criterion A for its association
with Native American cultural history. A contour line and a legal
boundary were used to define the National Register boundaries of the
property. Verbal boundary description: Kuchamaa is 3,885 feet
above mean sea level. The nominated area includes all land from the
3,000-foot contour level up to and including the peak. On the north
it drops abruptly to Highway 94. The western flank consists of several
dissected subpeaks and the eastern aspect is an upland spine. The
southern boundary conforms to the international border [between the
United States and Mexico]. This is a total of 510 acres, 320 to the
west and 190 to the east. Boundary justification: Kuchamaa
was and remains important to southern California Native Americans
as a structural unit. If the mountain lacked its physical proportions
and regional position, then it is quite possible that the peak would
not have been revered. The physical stature of Kuchamaa constitutes
one reason that it was used as a place of spiritual learning and worship.
During a visit to Kuchamaa to evaluate a development proposal, Native
Americans identified a sphere of spiritual influence extending for
several miles from the mountain. This constitutes one zone of spirituality;
approachable by both Kwisiyai (shamans) and ordinary people. Actual
Native American use of Kuchamaa provides guidelines for establishing
boundaries. This nomination includes that portion of the mountain
located above an elevation of 3,000 feet above mean sea level. According
to current data, this area is considered sacrosanct. In the ethnographic
and prehistoric past, the summit was used for arcane rituals and approached
only by shamans and their initiates. Cultural taboos prohibited common
folk from ascending beyond a spring known as God's Tear. The location
of God's Tear Spring has not been verified, but best estimates place
it as the spring located just above the 3,000-foot level. Finally,
according to Rosalie Pinto Roberston [granddaughter of the last traditional
chief of the Kumeyaay], the high mountain slopes hold burials of cremated
Kwisiyai. As with the spring, none of these has been verified. Their
presence above the 3,000-foot level requires the use of the contour
line as the boundary for the National Register district. The nominated
portion of Kuchamaa includes 510 acres, with the eastern segment,
consisting of public lands, containing 190 acres. The western, state-owned
parcel is demarcated by north-south section lines. This area contains
320 acres. The southern boundary conforms to the international border.
Private lands occupy a large portion of the lower slopes of the mountain
below the 3,000-foot contour line.
Mining Properties
 |
 |
| Sterling Hill Mine, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey.
Plan map of the National Register boundaries and resources. |
The Sterling Hill property as it appeared in 1918. (Gary
Grenier) |
Sterling Hill Mine, Ogdensburg Borough, Sussex County, New
Jersey, is located on a 33-acre tract that includes five mines (open-cut,
open-pit, and underground types), nine contributing buildings, one
noncontributing building, and the ruins of a structure. Primary construction
periods were 1830-1897 and 1916-1938. The property is located on the
west side of Plant Street and the south side of Passaic Avenue, about
one-half mile from the municipal center of the Borough of Ogdensburg.
The property was divided among three heirs in the early 19th century.
The parcels were not commonly owned until the end of the 19th century,
when all three parcels were purchased by the New Jersey Zinc Company.
Mining on the property ceased in 1986, and the property was converted
into a museum dedicated to the history of the Sterling Hill Mine,
mining history, and mineralogy of the Sterling Hill ore body. The
legal description of the lot that includes the eligible resources
was used to define the National Register boundaries. Verbal boundary
description: The boundary of the site consists of the entire parcel
of land known as Block 31, Lot 11.07 lying and being within the Borough
of Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey. Boundary justification:
The boundary includes the entire municipal lot that has been historically
associated with mining activities at Sterling Hill during the period
1830-1940.
Kettle River Sandstone Company Quarry
|
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