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NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
Giant Sequoia Ecology: Fire and Reproduction |
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APPENDIX II:
Insects Associated with Giant Sequoias
| Name | Location | Remarks | ||||
| Order Family Species | Downed Trees |
Seedlings | Trees under 25 ft |
Trees 25-100 ft | Trees 100-300 ft | |
| Collembola | ||||||
| Entomobryidae | ||||||
| Entomobria sp. | X | X | on bark, entire tree | |||
| Orthoptera | ||||||
| Gryllidae | ||||||
| Myrmecophila oregonensis Bruner | X | under loose bark with ants | ||||
| Gryllacrididae | ||||||
| Pristocauthophilus pacificus Thomas | X | early instars eat seedlings | ||||
| Isoptera | ||||||
| Kalotermitidae | ||||||
| Zootermopsis navadensis (Hagen) | X | drywood termites | ||||
| Hemiptera | ||||||
| Berytidae | ||||||
| Neides muticus Say | X | X | X | stiltbug, small predator | ||
| Nabidae | ||||||
| Nabis ferus (Linnaeus) | X | X | X | small predator | ||
| Miridae | ||||||
| Lygeus hesperus Knight | X | X | X | feeding on new foliage | ||
| Lygaeidae | ||||||
| Ischnorrhynchus resedae (Panz) | X | X | X | in open cones and foliage | ||
| Pentatomidae | ||||||
| Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal) | X | X | X | in foliage | ||
| Homoptera | ||||||
| Cicadellidae | ||||||
| Aceratagallia longula Van Duzee | X | X | feed on foliage fluid | |||
| Aceratagallia spp. | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Empoasca sp. | X | X | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||
| Brenda arborea (Ball) | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Colladonus flavocapitatus (Van Duzee) | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Colladonus sp. | X | X | feed on foliage fluid | |||
| Idiocerus musteus Ball | X | X | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||
| I. apache Bell & Parker | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| I. amoenus Van Duzee | X | X | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||
| I. nervatus van Duzee | X | X | feed on foliage fluid | |||
| Balclutha medius Baker | X | X | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||
| Pagaronia confusa Oman | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Paraphlepsius apertinus Osborn & Lathrop | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Cercopidae | ||||||
| Aphrophora maculosa Doering | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Clastoptera siskiyou Doering | X | X | feed on foliage fluid | |||
| Achilidea | ||||||
| Epiptera fusiformis (Van Duzee) | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Issidae | ||||||
| Dyctidea sp. | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Membracidae | ||||||
| Platycotis minax Goding | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Micrutalis occidentalis Goding | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Crystolobus nitidus Van Dyke | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Psyllidae | ||||||
| Psylla brevistigmata Patch | X | feed on foliage fluid | ||||
| Aphididae | ||||||
| Masonaphis morrisoni Swain | X | X | X | X | most common insect in tree. Feed on foliage fluid. | |
| Coccidae | ||||||
| Aonidia shastae (Coleman) | X | X | by DeLeon 1952 | |||
| Diaspis carueli Targ. | X | by DeLeon 1952 | ||||
| Aonidiella auranttii (Maskell) | X | by DeLeon 1952 | ||||
| Cryptaspidiotus shastae (Coleman) | X | by DeLeon 1952 | ||||
| Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) | X | by Coleman 1903 | ||||
| Carulaspis visci (Schrank) | X | by DeLeon 1952 | ||||
| Neuroptera | ||||||
| Raphidiidae | ||||||
| Agulla assimilis Banks | X | X | X | predators | ||
| Chrysopidae | ||||||
| Chrysopa carnea Stephans | X | X | X | predators | ||
| Hemerobiidae | ||||||
| Hemerobius pacificus Banks | X | X | X | predators | ||
| Lepidoptera | ||||||
| Geometridae | ||||||
| Semiothisa muscariata Gn. | X | X | defoliator | |||
| Sabulodes caberata Gn. | X | feed on seedlings | ||||
| Pero behresarius Packard | X | feed on seedlings | ||||
| Nemoria sp. | X | X | X | defoliator | ||
| Noctuidae | ||||||
| "Cutworms" | X | damage to nursery stock by Fry & White 1931 | ||||
| Arctiidae | ||||||
| Halisidota argentata Packard | X | feeding in larval stage by DeLeon 1952 | ||||
| Yponomeutidae | ||||||
| Argyresthia sp. | foliage feeder, DeLeon 1952 | |||||
| Gelechiidae | ||||||
| Gelechia sp. | X | X | 1st year cones only | |||
| Coleoptera | ||||||
| Rhysodidae | ||||||
| Rhysodes hamatus Le Conte | X | under bark | ||||
| Carabidae | ||||||
| Bembidion sp. | X | under bark | ||||
| Pterostichus sp. | X | X | searching bole at night to 20 ft. | |||
| Coccinellidae | ||||||
| Olla abdominalis (Say) | X | X | feeding on aphids | |||
| Cantharidae | ||||||
| Cantharus sp. | X | X | X | |||
| Cleridae | ||||||
| Enoclerus shaefferi Barr | X | predators | ||||
| E. lecontei (Wolc.) | X | X | predators | |||
| Cymatodera near sobara Barr | X | predators | ||||
| Anthicidae | ||||||
| Anthicus sp. | X | X | ||||
| Dermestidae | ||||||
| Attagenus nigripes Casey | X | |||||
| Ptimidae | ||||||
| Ptinus agnatus Fall | X | reared from small limbs | ||||
| Rhizophagidae | ||||||
| Rhizophagus scalpturatus Mannerheim | X | scavengers under moist bark | ||||
| R. near dimidiatus Mannerheim | X | scavengers under moist bark | ||||
| Tenebriomidae | ||||||
| Nyctoporis carinata Le Conte | X | under bark | ||||
| Uloma longula Le Conte | X | scavenger under bark | ||||
| Eleodes sp. | X | scavenger under bark | ||||
| Staphalinidae | ||||||
| Trigonurus sp. | X | predator under bark | ||||
| Lampyridae | ||||||
| Lycidota californica (Mots.) | X | predator under bark | ||||
| Cucujiidae | ||||||
| Cucujus clavipes Mannerheim | X | predator under bark | ||||
| Dendrophagus cygnaei Mannerheim | X | predator under bark | ||||
| Ostomatidae | ||||||
| Temnochila virescens (Fabricius) | X | predators under bark | ||||
| Nemozoma fissiceps (Fall) | X | predators under bark | ||||
| Colydiidae | ||||||
| Lasconotus vegrandis Horn | X | |||||
| Melasidae | ||||||
| Melasis rufipennis Horn | X | larvae bore heartwood | ||||
| Dromaelus sp. | X | larvae in thick bark standing tree, DeLeon 1952 | ||||
| Elateridae | ||||||
| Megapenthes guadrimaculatus (Horn) | X | under bark | ||||
| Ctenicera sp. | X | under bark | ||||
| Buprestidae | ||||||
| Anthaxia aneogaster (Lap-Gorg) | X | X | ||||
| Lucanidae | ||||||
| Ceruchus puntatus LeConte | X | larvae bore heartwood | ||||
| Scarabaeidae | ||||||
| Dichelonyx vicinia(?) Fall | X | new foliage | ||||
| Chrysomelidae | ||||||
| Glyptoscelis juniperi xanthocoma | X | X | X | foliage feeder | ||
| Thricolema anomala Crotch | X | X | feeding on new foliage | |||
| Cerambycidae | ||||||
| Anoplodera valida (LeConte) | X | larvae mine heartwood | ||||
| Semanotus ligneus amplus Casey | X | larvae in fresh down limbs | ||||
| Callidium sequoiarum Fisher | X | larvae in fresh down limbs | ||||
| Phymatodes nitidus LeConte | X | X | larvae mine comes | |||
| Bostrichidae | ||||||
| Scobicia declivis (LeConte) | X | X | on foliage & mines deadwood | |||
| Scolytidae | ||||||
| Phloeosinus punctatus LeConte | X | X | X | mine dead limbs on ground and standing | ||
| Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte) | X | mine limbs to 2 ft. dia. | ||||
| Cuculionidae | ||||||
| Cionistes insolens Dietz | X | feeding on foliage | ||||
| Thricolepis inornata Horn | X | X | feeding on foliage | |||
| Sitona californica Fabricius | X | |||||
| Apion sp. | X | |||||
| Hymenoptera | ||||||
| Siricidae | ||||||
| Sirex areolatus (Cresson) | X | larvae mine into heartwood | ||||
| Fotmicidae | ||||||
| Camponotus minor | X | X | breed chambers in old wood | |||
| Formica neorufibarbis gilida Wheeler | X | X | active on foliage & bole | |||
| Formica sp. | X | X | active on foliage & bole | |||
| Xylocopidae | ||||||
| Xylocopa californica (Cresson) | X | X | brood chambers in deadwood | |||
| X. orpifex Smith | X | dead top 12 ft dbh green tree (DeLeon 1952) | ||||
| Diptera | ||||||
| Bombyliidae | ||||||
| Villa alternata Say | X | larvae about crown, larvae parasitic | ||||
| Acroceridae | ||||||
| Acrocera sp. | X | |||||
| Lauxaniidae | ||||||
| Minettia flaveola (Coquillet) | X | X | X | very common throughout tree | ||
| Stratiomyidae | ||||||
| Hermetia sp. | X | under wet bark | ||||
| Syrphidae | ||||||
| Syrphus sp. | X | X | larvae eat aphids, adults active crown | |||
| Asilidae | ||||||
| Neoitamus affinis (Willieton) | X | X | feed on Syrphus. adults in crown | |||
| Dioctria vera Black | X | X | X | ambush site | ||
| Asilus sp. | X | ambush site | ||||
(Note: About 35 additional forms await identification by specialists.) | ||||||
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Last Updated: 06-Mar-2007