The Boott Cotton Mills, constructed from 1835-c. 1910, was one of many cotton textile mill complexes established in the growing city of Lowell, Massachusetts. It represents one of the oldest surviving textile mill complexes in the United States. Boott Cotton Mills' buildings were products of the earliest large-scale industrial planning project in America and were developed by the same industrialists who founded the city of Lowell. Among the planners was Kirk Boott, first agent of the initial textile company in Lowell, for whom the Boott Mills are named.

The Boott millyard is regarded as one of the most architecturally significant millyards in the United States. The four mills and the counting house were constructed in the 1830s. They survive as part of an interconnected series of mill buildings built over a 75-year period. The Boott millyard illustrates the development of a single textile company in the early years of America's Industrial Revolution and how it paralleled the rise and decline of the Northern textile industry.