Plants

Plants are a very important component of the park since approximately 70% of its land is forested. An overview of plant species follows, but note that distinct upland, lowland, and floodplain vegetation communities are present throughout the park.

Numerous fern species including woolly lip fern (Cheilanthes lanosa) and marginal shield fern (Dryopteris marginalis) occur in the park. Grasses, sedges, and rushes also play a valuable role in the plant communities. Tall brome grass (Bromus pubescens) and greenish sedge (Carex virescens) are just a few of the local species. Trees such as chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) often dominate the forest canopy; whereas, red maple (Acer rubrum) and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) are frequently scattered through the understory. Common shrub species in the park include spicebush (Lindera benzoin) and mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), while popular wildflowers include Virginia bluebells (Mertensia virginica) and wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis).

 
  • Green fern growing in between rocks
    Ferns

    Fern species that occupy a wide variety of park habitats

  • A grassy field flanked by wooden fences
    Grasses

    Grasses and grass-like plants, an important part of plant communities

  • A dirt path through forest in springtime
    Trees and Shrubs

    Forests cover 70 percent of the park, providing an environment for several species of trees and shrubs

  • Path through Virginia bluebells
    Wildflowers

    Colorful species like woodland sunflowers, bird-foot violets, and Virginia bluebells

Last updated: April 6, 2022

Park footer

Contact Info

Mailing Address:

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
National Park Service
PO Box 65

Harpers Ferry, WV 25425

Phone:

304 535-6029

Contact Us