Archaeology at the Golden Gate

NPS

Alcatraz cell excavation.

Archaeology is the study of the past through the material remains people have left behind.

Over the past thirty years, more than 370 archaeological sites spanning 2,000 years of human and environmental history have been discovered in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. 

What kinds of archaeological sites exist in the park?
The park's historic properties include native Coast Miwok and Ohlone sites, Spanish colonial outposts, Mexican settlements, U.S. Army fortifications, shipwrecks, civil and military prisons, logging camps, Victorian pleasure grounds, and many others.

How big is the park's archaeological collection?
Nearly half a million artifacts recovered from the sites and associated documentation form part of the park’s permanent museum collection. Together, they provide important insights and research opportunities into the lives of the people who once lived and worked in the lands surrounding the Golden Gate.  

How are archaeological sites and artifacts in the park protected?
Archaeological sites and artifacts from the park are protected by federal law, which strictly governs the way they are identified, excavated, studied, and protected. These unique, non-renewable resources are carefully managed and cared for by park staff and a team of dedicated partners, volunteers, and interns.

To find out more about ongoing archaeological projects and site management in the park, please stay tuned.