Definitions - P

PA - Programmatic Agreement

PAF - Permitting Assessment Form

Paleontological / Paleoecological Resources
Resources such as fossilized plants, animals, or their traces, including both organic and mineralized remains in body or trace form. Paleontological resources are studied and managed in their paleoecological context (that is, the geologic data associated with the fossil that provides information about the ancient environment).

Park-and-Ride Lot
A parking facility where individuals access public transportation as a transfer of mode, usually from private automobiles. Public transportation usually involves express bus service from the lot to a central business district or major activity center. A park-and-ride lot can also serve the dual function of a carpool location.

Park Roads & Parkways Program (PRPP)
Funds for Park Roads & Parkways (PRP) are allocated based on a priority program of projects developed by the National Park Service and approved by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Annually, each park submits to its Regional office a list of improvement priorities. Regional priorities are developed using the park requests. The Regional Directors then cooperatively develop a list of service-wide priorities. Each Federal Lands Highway Division meets periodically with appropriate National Park Service Regions to establish a program of project to be funded 5 to 10 years into the future. The program considers the service-wide as well as resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation and other miscellaneous projects that need improvements within the relative priority and availability of funds. The program of projects is then submitted to the Washington Support Office (WASO), National Park Service Headquarters, for coordination and consolidation to a nationwide Park Roads & Parkways Program that WASO then submits to Federal Lands Highway Office for approval.

15% Design [Applies to Park Roads/Federal Lands Highway (FLH) Program Projects]
Provide preliminary centerline and profile with approximate design footprint showing cut and fill limits (to within 20% for 3R and if possible 30 - 40% for 4R projects). Show all alternatives or treatment options at the same level of detail. For each alternative develop horizontal and vertical alignment and all other improvements to best fit topography and minimize environmental and visual impacts. Identify proposed parking areas and overlooks, major drainage improvements, detour routes, and potential material sources and staging areas. Provide preliminary identification of bridges, retaining walls, and guardrails needing to be repaired, replaced, or retained. For each alternative show preliminary estimated affected resource areas and include potential wetland and other mitigation sites.

30% Design [Applies to Park Roads/FLH Program Projects]
Provide centerline and profile with approximate design footprint showing cut and fill limits (to within 5% for 3R and if possible 10-15% for 4R projects). Show all alternatives or treatment options at the same level of detail. For each alternative develop horizontal and vertical alignment to best fit topography and minimize environmental and visual impacts. Identify proposed parking areas and overlooks, major drainage improvements, detour routes, and potential material sources and staging areas. Provide preliminary identification of bridges, retaining walls, and guardrails needing to be repaired, replaced, or retained. For each bridge show preliminary type, size, and location. For each alternative show estimated affected resource areas and include potential wetland and other mitigation sites.

70% Design [Applies to Park Roads/FLH Program Projects]
Provide centerline and profile with final design footprint showing cut and fill limits (within 5% for both 3R and 4R projects). For selected alternative, provide final horizontal and vertical alignment and all other improvements to best fit topography and minimize environmental and visual impacts. Provide final parking areas and overlooks, all drainage improvements, detour routes, and potential material sources and staging areas. Provide final identification of bridges, retaining walls, and guardrails needing to be repaired, replaced, or retained. For each bridge, show final type, size, and location. For selected alternative, show affected resource areas, and include potential wetland and other mitigation sites. Sometimes permits will be authorized closer to 80-90% design.

3R Program
A program within Category I of the FLH Program. It is the resurfacing, repair, or rehabilitation of road projects which encompasses overlays, seal-coats and other work that usually doe not involve reconstruction, and is largely contained within the original roadway template.

4R Program
Includes all of the 3R program with the addition of reconstruction.

Park Road Standards
"The Purpose of Park Roads", last revised in 1984, provides design guidelines and park road classifications applicable to all park units.

Park Staff
Employees of the National Park Service who typically reside in or near a National Park or Monument.

Parks Transportation & Allocation Tracking System (PTATS)
A web based application which enables both the National Park Service and Federal Lands Highway (FLH) staff to identify National Park Service Park Roads and Parkways projects approved for implementation and to track approvals at each stage of the project. The application meets National Park Service and Federal Lands Highway requirements to track projects, including funding requests, funding approvals, and project document tracking such as project agreements and revegetation plans. Formerly the Master Budget Sheet (MBS).

PART - Program Assessment Rating Tool

Partial Payments
Payments for accepted supplies and services that are only a part of the contract requirements are authorized under law. Office of Management and Budget Circular A-125, Prompt Payment, requires agencies to pay for partial delivery of supplies or partial performance of services unless specifically prohibited by the contract. Although partial payments generally are treated as a method of payment and not as a method of contract financing, using partial payments can assist contractors to participate in Government contracts without, or with minimal, contract financing. (FAR 32.102(d) - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Partial Set-Aside for Small Business
Also referred to as a partial small business set-aside. A portion of an acquisition restricted for participation by small business concerns. (FAR 19.502-3(a) - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Partial Small Business Set-Aside
See Partial Set-Aside for Small Business.

Partial Termination
The termination of a part, but not all, of the work that has not been completed and accepted under a contract. (FAR 49.001 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Partnering
The process of establishing working relationships among all parties involved in the project through a mutually-developed, formal strategy of commitment and open and free communication.

Patent Defect
Any defect which exists at the time of acceptance and is not a latent defect. (FAR 46.101 - Federal Acquisition Regulation) Patent defects are easily and readily discoverable during a reasonable inspection. Patent defects must be brought to a contractor's attention at or before substantial completion or beneficial occupancy in order to hold the contractor responsible for correcting them.

Pavement Structure
The combination of sub-base, base course and surface course placed on a sub-grade to support the traffic load and distribute it to the roadbed.

Payment Bond
A bond that assures payments as required by law to all persons supplying labor or material in the prosecution of the work provided for in the contract. (FAR 28.001 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

PD - Predesign

Pedestrian Crossing / Crosswalk
An area reserved and clearly marked for the passage of pedestrians at street junctions or other locations where drivers must yield the right-of-way by stopping to enable pedestrians to cross safely.

Pedestrian Overpass / Underpass
A facility for pedestrian crossings justified by the following:

• pedestrian crossing volumes,
• type of highway to be crossed, and
• location of adjacent crossing facilities and predominating type and age of persons who will utilize the facility.

PEPC - Planning, Environment & Public Comment

Performance-Based Contracting
Also referred to as performance-based service contracting. Structuring all aspects of an acquisition around the purpose of the work to be performed as opposed to either the manner by which the work is to be performed or broad and imprecise statements of work. (FAR 37.101 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Performance-Based Contracts
A service contract that:

1. Describes requirements in terms of results required rather than the methods of performance of the work.
2. Uses measurable performance standards (i.e., terms of quality, timeliness, quantity, etc.) and quality assurance surveillance plans.
3. Specifies procedures for reductions of fee or for reductions to the price of a fixed-price contract when services are not performed or do not meet contract requirements.
4. Includes performance incentives where appropriate. (FAR 37.601 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Performance-Based Payments
Contract financing payments made on the basis of:

1. Performance measured by objective, quantifiable methods;
2. Accomplishment of defined events; or
3. Other quantifiable measures of results. (FAR 32.102(f) - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Performance Bond
A bond that secures performance and fulfillment of the contractor's obligations under the contract. (FAR 8.001(f) - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

The General Contractor is not released from the Bond until a Final Release of Claims has been executed.

Period Illustration
A historic document that graphically depicts the appearance of a historic structure at a certain period through different mediums such as, line drawings, watercolors, engravings, and wood-cuts.

Period of Significance
The span of time in which a property attained the significance for which it meets the National Register Criteria.

Permission
Authority to do an act which without such authorization would be unlawful. The authority is based on law not jurisdiction.

Permit
Power or right of an Agency to exercise its authority over a person, subject matter, or territory. Jurisdiction over a subject matter relates to authority derived from the country's constitution or laws to consider a particular case.

Permit Acquisition Services
The activities to acquire Denver Service Center Government Furnished Permits (GF Permits). These services include meetings with Agencies, assembling permit application(s), preparing narratives and maps, submitting application packets, and managing the application through the Agency’s process.

Permit List
A list of all permits required to implement/build a design at a site, in a jurisdiction, and using assumed standard means and methods of construction. The Permit List is generated by conducting a Permitting Assessment. For Denver Service Center-Line Item Construction (DSC-LIC) projects, the permits are assigned by the project’s Interdisciplinary Team (IDT) to one of 2 classes: Government Furnished Permit (Design or Operational) or Construction Permit. Each class of permit has a different organization/staff responsible for acquiring those permits.

Permit Plan
A Permit Plan is prepared for each Government Furnished Permit (GF Permit). The information in the plan is fundamental to acquiring GF permits and integrating the acquisition into the project schedule. This information can be place into 2 groups: documentation that will need to be submitted and how the permitting process will proceed (steps and durations). Below are further details on how these 2 groups fit into the Denver Service Center-Line Item Construction (DSC-LIC) process.

1. Submittal Information - Permit Submittal List
   Used as management tool for procuring, producing, and preparing the needed documents that are required for acquiring and integrating into the final contract documents. This includes mitigation, best management practices, and any associated filing fees, public notification, etc.
2. Permit Timeline
   The steps in a permit's path and how long each step typically takes. The timeline is applied to the project schedule becoming the Permit Schedule. The Permit Schedule and overall project deliverables must align.

Permit Planning
Applies to permits that the Denver Service Center or its Agent (e.g. the Architect/Engineer will obtain and provide to the potential Construction Contractors during the bid process. Focuses on the documents submitted to obtain the permit and the permit application process timeline. Establishes reasonable expectations for permit issuance and reduces the risk of surprises. Results in a permit plan for Denver Service Center Government Furnished Permits (GF Permits). See the Permit Plan Form for content requirements.

Permit Scoping
The process of identifying appropriate jurisdictions and permits. Permit Scoping ends with a final assessment (usually the Permitting Assessment Form (PAF)) and the Permit List.

Permitting
See External Regulatory Permitting.

Permitting Assessment
The process of assessing a project’s required permits. The assessment is based on the various jurisdictions that apply to the project, the actions that are part of the project, and site conditions/characteristics. Based on these variables the Permitting Assessment evaluates circumstances that “trigger” specific permits. The output/product of the Permitting Assessment is the Permit List. The Permitting Assessment is an ongoing process throughout the design process (Predesign (PD) through Construction Documents (CD)) and will be used to evaluate changes. Denver Service Center uses the Permit Assessment Form (PAF) to structure the analysis to ensure it meets National Park Service , Denver Service Center, and Line Item Construction (LIC) needs, which includes documentation of the decision process used to evaluate permitting.

Permitting Assessment Form (PAF)
A scoping tool developed by the Denver Service Center used to help frame permitting for Park projects. An Excel spreadsheet used to document permitting research and decisions.

Permitting Lead
The person responsible for managing the permitting process on a design project.

The Architect/Engineer shall provide the name and qualifications of a staff member for approval to act as the Permitting Lead on the design project.

The Permitting Lead shall:

• Manage the Denver Service Center permitting process.
• Provide quality control (QC) of permitting submittals.
• Coordinate with relevant Agencies.

Minimum qualifications:

• 5 or more years of experience acquiring permits for projects.
• Experience with the jurisdictional permitting processes where the project resides.
• Be skilled at managing and documenting permitting processes including timelines and scheduling.

Tasks include:

• Document the Denver Service Center permitting process, including communication with the Agencies.
• Meet submittal deadlines and quality.
• Act as the point of contact for the permitting process management team.
• Track, understand, and communicate the status of permits until they are issued.
• Bring any issues to the project team and lead the effort to resolve them.

Physical Description (Historic Structure Report (HSR))
A narrative that contains a systematic accounting of all features, materials, and spaces according to age, significance, and condition. Copies of computer-generated inspection reports should be included in the appendix but summarized in the body of the chapter. The narrative should also discuss causes of deterioration and structural inadequacy.

Physical Evidence
A tangible, visible evidence resulting from materials analysis.

PIH - Plans-in-hand field review

Planning, Environment & Public Comment (PEPC)
Web-based database for use by all National Park System units to track projects and compliance. PEPC was designed to incorporate best practices from existing park and regional processes and can be used by contractors and other agencies.

Plans-in-hand field review (PIH)
Final field review of contract documents prepared for the project plans, specifications and cost estimate.

Plans, Specifications & Estimate (PS&E)
Documents that make up the construction contract for Federal Lands Transportation Program FLTP projects.

PM - Project Manager

PMIS - Project Management Information System

Power of Attorney
The authority given one person or corporation to act for and obligate another, as specified in the instrument creating the power; in corporate suretyship, an instrument under seal which appoints an attorney-in-fact to act in behalf of a surety company in signing bonds. See also Attorney-in-Fact. (FAR 28.001 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

PPC - Project Planning & Compliance

Pre-authorization Study
This study reviews the significance and suitability of resources within a regional and national context leading to park designation as well as analyzes the feasibility of supporting site management.

Prebid Conference
A meeting used, generally in complex acquisitions, as a means of briefing prospective bidders and explaining complicated specifications and requirements to them as early as possible after the invitation for bids (IFB) has been issued and before the bids are opened. It must never be used as a substitute for amending a defective or ambiguous invitation for bids. (FAR 14.207 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Preconstruction Conference
An orientation meeting between representatives of the Government and a successful construction contract offeror before the start of construction at the work site. (FAR 36.212 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Preconstruction Letter
An orientation letter or other written communication from the Contracting Officer to a successful construction contract offeror prior to the start of construction at the worksite. (FAR 36.212 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Predesign (PD)
In general, Predesign consists of the Project Program that has two integrated components, a narrative list of functions and a Site Analysis. Included are specific ideas of what functions should be included (or excluded), how they should be used, and how other functions should relate. This applies to new construction, rehabilitation projects, utility and site projects, adaptive use of historic structures and cultural landscape treatments.

Specific to the National Park Service, a building and site program evolves from previous analysis documented in the Project Management Information System (PMIS) and Facility Planning Model , Historic Structure Report, and Cultural Landscape Report that shall be incorporated when provided. A Site Analysis is performed using the Site Analysis checklist.

Tools:

• Programmatic workshops and interviews
• Preliminary site investigations
• Bubble Diagrams and or Matrices
• Sketches
• Narrative
• Photographs

Preferred Alternative
Schematic Design alternative chosen through the value methodology study.

Prehistoric Structure
A structure constructed in the period before recorded history.

Preliminary Programmatic Agreement (PA) Scope [Applies to Park Roads/Federal Lands Highway (FLH) Program Projects]
Refine the initial scope of a project based on the Project Management Information System PMIS project proposal. Scope at this stage will be focused on problem identification, not problem solution.

Roles and Responsibilities: Commissioning the project team: Identify key team members for project development. This will include at a minimum project manager(s), and critical sub-element managers such as an environmental manager. Also included will be the key points of contact for all entities involved in project delivery. Not all members of the final project development team need to be identified but it is understood that the key members have the authority within their respective organizations to obtain human resources necessary to fill gaps within the project team as needed.

Schedule Budget: Minimal. Dates and funds identified to prepare environmental work plan, reconnaissance report and preparation of comprehensive Programmatic Agreement (PA).

Management Endorsement: Management for all organizations agree with the initial project scope and direction and agree with the allocation of human resources associated with the commitments implied by the roles and responsibilities assigned.

PRES - Parkwide Road Engineering Studies

Preservation
The act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity, and materials of an historic property. Work, including preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property, generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair of historic materials and features rather than extensive replacement and new construction. New exterior additions are not within the scope of this treatment; however, the limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a preservation project.

Preservation (Cultural Landscape Report (CLR)
Preservation is defined as the act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity, and materials of a historic property. Work, including preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property, generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair of historic materials and features rather than extensive replacement and new construction. New additions are not within the scope of this treatment; however, the limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a preservation project.

Preservation Maintenance
Action to mitigate wear and deterioration of a historic property without altering its historic character. Action includes protecting its condition, repairing when its condition warrants with the least degree of intervention including limited replacement in-kind, replacing an entire feature in-kind when the level of deterioration or damage or materials precludes repair, and stabilization to protect damaged materials or features from additional damage. For archeological sites it includes work to moderate, prevent, or arrest erosion.

Presolicitation Notice

1. A notice sent to concerns on the solicitation mailing list, in lieu of initially forwarding complete bid sets. Use is at the discretion of the Contracting Officer, but is particularly suitable when invitations for bids and solicitation mailing lists are lengthy. It must:
   1. Specify the final date for receipt of requests for a complete bid set;
   2. Briefly describe the requirement and furnish other essential information to enable concerns to determine whether they have an interest in the invitation; and
   3. Notify concerns that, if no bid is to be submitted, they should advise the issuing office in writing if future invitations are desired for the type of supplies or services involved. Drawings, plans, and specifications normally will not be furnished with the presolicitation notice. The return date of the notice must be sufficiently in advance of the mailing date of the invitation for bids to permit an accurate estimate of the number of bid sets required. Bid sets must be sent to concerns that request them in response to the notice. (FAR 14.205-4(c) - Federal Acquisition Regulation)
2. A notice sent to prospective bidders about a construction requirement sufficiently in advance of the invitation for bids to stimulate the interest of the greatest number of prospective bidders. Such notices must:
   1. Describe the proposed work in sufficient detail to disclose the nature and volume of work (in terms of physical characteristics and estimated price range);
   2. State the location of the work;
   3. Include tentative dates for issuing invitations, opening bids, and completing contract performance;
   4. State where plans will be available for inspection without charge;
   5. Specify a date by which requests for the invitation for bids should be submitted;
   6. Notify recipients that if they do not submit a bid they should advise the issuing office as to whether they want to receive future presolicitation notices;
   7. State whether award is restricted to small businesses;
   8. Specify any amount to be charged for solicitation documents; and
   9. Be publicized in the Commerce Business Daily. (FAR 36.213-2)

Prime Contract

1. A contract or contractual action entered into by the United States for the purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services of any kind. (FAR 3.502-1 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)
2. A contract or contractual action entered into by the United States for the purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services of any kind. (FAR 52.203-7(a))

Prime Contractor

1. A person who has entered into a prime contract with the United States. (FAR 3.502-1 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)
2. Any person who holds, or has held, a Government contract subject to Executive Order (EO) 11246. (FAR 22.801)
3. A person who has entered into a prime contract with the United States. (FAR 52.203-7(a))

Procurement Technician (PT)
Performs clerical and technical work that supports procurement of supplies, services, and/or construction.

Product File
Product literature (data, cut sheets, product information, etc.) for all specified products, materials, and equipment.

Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART)
A systematic method of assessing the performance of program activities across the Federal government.

Program Manager
The person responsible for program plans, funding, schedules, and timely completion within cost limitations. Planning responsibilities include developing acquisition strategies and promoting full and open competition.

Programmatic Accessibility
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 expanded access for people with disabilities. "No otherwise qualified individual…shall be excluded from or be denied the benefits of…any program or activity." Programs are many things: activities, education, publications, and interpretation/exhibits.

Programmatic Agreement (PA)
A document in the section 106 process that records the terms and conditions agreed upon

• when effects on historic properties are similar and repetitive or are multi-State or regional in scope;
• when effects on historic properties cannot be fully determined prior to approval of an undertaking;
• when nonfederal parties are delegated major decision making responsibilities;
• where routine management activities are undertaken at Federal installations, facilities, or other land-management units;
• where other circumstances warrant a departure from the normal section 106 process.

Programmatic Exclusion
Specific types of non-adverse effect undertakings that can be reviewed for Section 106 purposes by National Park Service park personnel without further review by Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) or State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO).

Project Inspector or Supervisor / Construction Inspector
See Construction Management Representative (CMR).

Project Management
The project management process encompasses these tasks:

• Assembling a project team with the expertise necessary to execute the project
• Establishing the technical objectives
• Planning the project
• Managing changes to the scope
• Controlling the undertaking so that it is completed on schedule and within budget.

Project Management Information System (PMIS)
A service wide intranet application within the National Park Service to manage information about requests for project funding. It enables parks and National Park Service offices to submit project proposals to be reviewed, approved and prioritized at park units, regional directorates, and the Washington Support Office (WASO). PMIS is a centralized web-based relational database management system (RDBMS) hosted and maintained at the Information and Telecommunications Center (ITC) in WASO.

In response to a budget call for a particular National Park Service program for a specific fiscal year (FY), project proposals are submitted, reviewed, approved, prioritized and then formulated under an available funding source by utilizing PMIS. During formulation process for a budget call, a program manager at WASO or a budget officer at a regional directorate determines which project funding requests meet the eligibility criteria for the call to be considered as part of the National Park Service Budget for a specific FY.

PMIS Project Statement
The statement resulting from the budget call process that includes a project description, justification, amount of funds requested, and a Class C Estimate.

PMIS Class C Construction Cost Estimate
The conceptual construction cost estimate that is part of the PMIS Project Statement.

Project Management Plan
A document that is developed at the beginning of the project that defines the scope and schedule, as well as mechanism for modifications. The plan is signed by all shareholders.

Project Management Plan [Applies to Federal Lands Highway (FLH) Program Projects]
A plan between all parties involved in project development and implementation that defines the scope, schedule, budget, roles and responsibilities for the project. It is signed by officials at the park, region, Denver Service Center and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) who have the authority commission the project and commit fiscal and human resources to it. Changes to the project management plan are coordinated by the project manager.

Project Manager (PM)
Denver Service Center Project Managers are responsible for program plans, funding, schedules, and timely completion within cost limitations. Planning responsibilities include developing acquisition strategies and promoting full and open competition. Project Managers are the primary Contracting Officer Representatives (CORs) and may delegate alternate COR responsibilities to the Denver Service Center Project Specialists (PS).

Project Planning & Compliance (PPC)
Provides a conceptual project program, resource assessments, development alternatives, public involvement, and NEPA documentation for projects over $500,000. The project planning and compliance phase bridges the gap between planning and design. Early evaluation of project scope, natural and cultural resource impacts, design alternatives, and cost allows appropriate resource assessments, surveys, cost analyses and site planning to take place before beginning predesign. Assessing projects at this stage (2 to 4 years from construction) allows the project scope and cost estimate to be adjusted, leading to projects that can be built on schedule and in budget. Project planning and compliance is the first phase of the design process, providing the conceptual project program, resource assessments, development alternatives, public involvement, and NEPA documentation that ultimately translates into good design.

A 5-page report submitted to the Investment Review Board (IRB). The Project Review Report provides information to Washington Support Office (WASO) Construction Program Management staff, members of the Servicewide Investment Review Board, and the non-National Park Service Advisers to the Director for their review of major construction projects, usually following schematic design. The report form is an Microsoft Word file that:

1. outlines the current proposed scope and cost of the project;
2. compares it to the original proposed scope and cost as well as to the comparable unit costs of similar facilities constructed by others;
3. describes alternatives considered including mandatory alternatives that are 90% and 75% of the original cost estimate; and
4. analyzes and explains the rationale for any changes.

Required attachments include a Class B estimate (based on quantities rather than unit costs of comparable facilities), copies of any value analyses conducted during schematic design or predesign, and a copy of the checklist from the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Enviromental Design (LEED™) rating system showing the sustainable features to be included in any new building or major building rehabilitation projects. Other typical attachments include park brochures and graphics that provide an overview of the project, its location in the park, and a site plan showing project work.

Project Program
The Project Program includes a Site Analysis, a Site Program, and an Architectural Program. (If the project does not include a building or structure, an Architectural Program may not be required. Conversely, if the project is strictly a building, with no site components, a Site Analysis and Site Program may not be required.)

Project Record Drawings
Marked up set of drawings maintained and edited by the Construction Contractor that may include shop drawings, modifications, sketches, or additional drawings depicting how the project was actually built.

Project Resource Coordinator
The Resource Coordinator is assigned to a Denver Service Center branch with a regional geographic focus and will function as a project manager on specific projects and provide first line supervision to the project specialists.

Project Specialist (PS)
Denver Service Center Project Specialists are responsible for the day-to-day management of Architect/Engineer services, construction management services, and construction contractor activities under the direction of the Denver Service Center Project Manager (PM). In parks with multiple projects, a Project Manager may direct several project specialists. Project Specialists may also serve as Alternate Contracting Officer Representatives (CORs).

Prompt Payment
The Government has strict policies on making invoice payments to contractors. Most payments are due the 30th day after the designated billing office has received a proper invoice from the contractor or the 30th day after Government acceptance of supplies delivered or services performed by the contract, whichever is later. Agencies must pay an interest penalty, without request from the contractor, for late invoice payments or improperly taken discounts. (FAR 32.903 and 32.905 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Protection
Action to safeguard a historic structure by defending or guarding it from further deterioration, loss, or attack or shielding it from danger or injury. Such action is generally of a temporary nature and anticipates future preservation treatment. Protection in its broadest sense also includes long-term efforts to deter or prevent vandalism, theft, arson, and other criminal acts against cultural resources.

Protest
Also referred to as a bid protest or protest against award. A written objection by an interested party to any of the following:

1. A solicitation or other request by an agency for offers for a contract for the procurement of property or services.
2. The cancellation of the solicitation or other request.
3. An award or proposed award of the contract.
4. A termination or cancellation of an award of the contract, if the written objection contains an allegation that the termination or cancellation is based in whole or in part on improprieties concerning the award of the contract. (FAR 33.101 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

Protest After Award
A protest filed before contract award.

Protest Against Award
See Protest.

Protest Before Award
A protest filed before contract award.

PRP - Park Roads & Parkways

PRPP - Park Roads & Parkways Program

PS - Project Specialist

PS&E - Plans, Specifications & Estimate

PT - Procurement Technician

PTATS - Parks Transportation & Allocation Tracking System

Public & Agency Scoping
Scoping is a process intended to obtain the views of other agencies and the public regarding the scope (breadth) of an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement. Scoping should occur as early as practicable in the NEPA process. The process should identify key issues on which to focus analyses; identify and eliminate insignificant issues; and determine other environmental review and consultation requirements.

Public Involvement
The public is involved in planning and decision-making to ensure that the National Park Service fully understands and consider the public's interests in the parks as part of their national heritage, cultural traditions, and community surroundings. (Director's Order 2, May 1998)

Public Meetings
The Council on Environmental Quality regulations implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) direct federal agencies to engage in a public scoping process, because public involvement is the cornerstone of decision-making in NEPA and ensuring that the public voice is heard and understood is the key to successful decisions. The scoping process identifies public and agency concerns; clearly defines the environmental issues to be examined and eliminates nonsignificant issues; and identifies state and local agency requirements which must be addressed. Effective scoping ensures that public concerns are identified early and properly studied, that issues of little significance do not consume time and effort, and that the NEPA process is thorough and balanced.

The manner in which public input is sought is left to the discretion of the agency. The scoping format may be a workshop, meeting, hearing, or other option. Public meetings, although often held, are not required. If a public meeting is held, attendees at public meetings must be allowed to express substantive concerns but speakers may be limited to a certain number of minutes to ensure that all who wish to speak are heard in a reasonable amount of time. The meeting should be advertised by a reliable method such as a purchased ad, direct mail, Internet electronic mail, notices posted in local gathering spots, or community or other organizations spreading the word. Press releases announcing the meeting are published or aired at the discretion of the media, and are not considered as reliable or effective as an advertisement.

Published Location Factor
This factor indicates the cost of commercial construction for major commercial centers (cities) and is expressed as a percentage compared to the national average. The approximate range of this factor is from 130 (New York, New York) to 65 (Clarksdale, Mississippi), which indicates that the cost of construction would be 30 percent more in New York City, and 35 percent less in Clarksdale when compared to the national average. There are many published location factors available. As an example, RSMeans publishes location factors for over 500 United States cities.

Punch List
An itemized list of construction deficiencies identified during the final inspection that the contractor is required to correct before the client takes possession of the project.

Purchase Order
An offer by the Government to buy supplies or services, including construction and research and development, upon specified terms and conditions, using simplified acquisition procedures. (FAR 13.001 - Federal Acquisition Regulation)

PWE - Project Work Element

 

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